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COL.  GEORGE  WASHINGTON  FLOWERS 
MEMORIAL  COLLECTION 


TRINITY  COLLEGE  LIBRARY 
DURHAM,  N.C. 


The  Gift  nf  ^-^3  t C-0  , 

» *'  ^ \ j ^ I | L 


Date. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2015 


https://archive.org/details/jaspermauduit01maud 


00a0$ac&usett0  i£f0torical  ^ocictp 

Founded  1791 


COLLECTIONS 

VOL.  74 


Committee  of  ©ublfcation 


HENRY  CABOT  LODGE 
CHARLES  GRENFILL  WASHBURN 
WORTHINGTON  CHAUNCEY  FORD 


JASPER  MAUDUIT 


Agent  in  London  for  the  Province  of 
the  Massachusetts-Bay 

I 762-1 765 


The  Charles  Grenfill  Washburn 
Collection 


0 


The  Massachusetts  Historical  Society 

1918 


7 r 


FIVE  HUNDRED  COPIES  OF  THIS  VOLUME 
HAVE  BEEN  PRINTED  FROM  TYPE 
BY  THE  PLIMPTON  PRESS  AND 
THE  TYPE  HAS  BEEN 


DISTRIBUTED 


NOTE 


A NUMBER  of  letters  addressed  to  Jasper  Mauduit, 
when  agent  in  London  for  the  Province  of  the 
Massachusetts-Bay,  were  sold  at  auction  in  London  in 
1916,  and  were  purchased  by  Mr.  Charles  G.  Washburn, 
a member  of  this  Society.  The  series  proved  of  high 
historical  and  personal  interest,  and  Mr.  Washburn  not 
only  presented  the  manuscripts  to  the  Society  but  offered 
to  pay  the  expense  of  publication.  This  volume  contains 
all  the  papers  in  the  Washburn  collection,  together  with 
a few  taken  from  the  Archives  of  the  Commonwealth  of 
Massachusetts,  which  seemed  necessary  to  complete  the 
relation.  The  position  and  activities  of  a colonial  agent 
have  not  heretofore  been  so  fully  told,  and  in  no  other 
collection  have  the  local  and  personal  politics  attending 
the  election  and  service  of  such  an  agent  been  displayed. 

Worthington  Chauncey  Ford. 

Boston,  January,  1918. 


0 3 


\ ID , 2 7) 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 

Preface,  by  Charles  G.  Washburn xvii 

1760 

July  14.  Thomas  Hutchinson  to  William  Bollan  3 

Sends  accounts  and  declarations.  Explanation  of  pay- 
rolls. Seamen  and  special  winter  service  at  Louisburg  and 
Nova  Scotia.  Special  grant  should  be  made. 

1761 

January  8.  Military  Accounts  for  1759  ....  8 

May  8.  William  Bollan  to  the  Speaker.  ...  15 

Hearing  by  the  Lords  Commissioners  for  Trade  and  Plan- 
tations on  the  Fee  act.  Lotteries  disapproved.  A suspend- 
ing clause  in  acts.  Decision  postponed. 

June  6.  Thomas  Hutchinson  to  William  Bollan  . 19 

Sends  the  Military  accounts  for  1759.  Comments  on  the 
figures. 

June  17.  Andrew  Oliver  to  William  Bollan  . . 21 

Finds  no  letter  from  Amherst  or  Durell.  Documents 
transmitted. 

December  19.  Thomas  Hutchinson  to  William 

Bollan 22 

Sends  certificate  by  General  Amherst.  Burden  of  pay 
and  bounty  assumed  by  the  province.  Numbers  of  men 
in  service. 

1762 

February  12.  William  Bollan  to  Andrew  Oliver  24 

Parliamentary  grant  for  service  in  1761.  Loan  to  the 
province  by  General  Shirley.  Time  of  paying  exchequer 
orders.  A suspending  clause  in  acts.  Has  no  power  to 
receive  grant  for  1760.  The  parliamentary  order. 


Oil  3 


Contents 


March  15.  William  Bollan  to  the  Speaker  . . 28 

Examination  of  titles,  rights  and  liberties  of  the  colonists. 

Sends  first  part  of  such  a work  — Coloniae  Angliae  Illus- 
Iratae. 

April  23.  James  Otis,  Jr.,  to  Jasper  Mauduit.  . 29 

Informs  him  of  his  election  as  agent  of  the  province. 
American  episcopalians  and  dissenters.  Manner  of  his 
election.  Some  of  his  friends. 

April  24.  Thomas  Hutchinson  to  William  Bollan  32 

Mauduit  has  been  chosen  agent.  Declined  to  serve  on 
the  committee  to  prepare  instructions. 

April  24.  Andrew  Oliver  to  Jasper  Mauduit.  . 33 

Notification  of  his  election.  Parliamentary  grants  and 
bills  of  exchange  drawn  against  them.  The  special  allow- 
ance for  special  service.  Papers  from  Bollan. 

April  24.  Andrew  Oliver  to  Jasper  Mauduit.  . 36 

Use  of  his  letter  on  his  health.  Richard  Jackson  to 
assist  him. 

April  26.  Jonathan  Mayhew  to  Jasper  Mauduit  37 

Congratulations  on  his  election.  Bollan’s  character  and 
abilities.  Prays  for  his  health. 

June  15.  Instructions  to  Jasper  Mauduit  ...  39  - 

The  natural  rights  of  the  colonists.  Political  and  civil 
rights.  Liberty  and  allegiance.  Equal  privileges  with  British 
subjects.  Increase  of  Great  Britain  in  numbers  and  wealth. 
Connection  between  Britain  and  her  colonies.  What  Massa- 
chusetts has  done.  Power  of  legislation  under  the  charter. 

Reasons  against  a suspending  clause. 

June  21.  Samuel  Martin  to  Jasper  Mauduit.  . 55 

Parliamentary  grant  for  1761  will  be  distributed,  if  the 
agents  of  the  colonies  can  agree. 

C viii  3 


Contents 


June  25.  Letter  of  the  Colony  Agents  ....  55 

Agreement  on  distribution  of  the  parliamentary  grant. 

June  25.  Treasury  Minute  57 

Order  suspending  a distribution  of  the  grant. 

July  8.  Note  by  William  Bollan 58 

On  advising  Mauduit. 

July  9.  Treasury  Minute 59 

Order  for  distributing  the  parliamentary  grant. 

July  15.  Edmund  Trowbridge  to  William  Bollan  60 

On  managing  Bollan’s  investment  in  the  province’s  debt. 


Measures  taken  to  carry  out  his  wishes.  Shipment  of  gold 
and  silver.  The  election  of  Mauduit.  Hopes  to  see  him 
soon  in  America. 

October  12.  Thomas  Cushing  to  Jasper  Mauduit  . 68 

Contributed  to  secure  his  election.  Sending  of  public 
letters.  The  grant  of  Mt.  Desert  to  Bernard.  Issue  of 
charters  by  the  Governor. 

October  12.  Charles  Chauncy  to  Jasper  Mauduit  71 

Bernard  and  the  charter  for  a new  college.  Wishes  him 
success  as  agent.  A note  from  Bollan.  Sends  a sermon. 

October  27.  Jasper  Mauduit  to  Harrison  Gray.  74 

Conversion  of  the  Indians  and  the  new  society. 

October  28.  James  Otis  to  Jasper  Mauduit.  . . 76 

Is  pleased  by  his  election  to  the  agency.  Difficulties  in 
the  way  of  appointing  his  brother.  Bollan’s  career  and  con- 
nections. Hutchinson’s  pretensions  to  the  agency.  Ber- 
nard’s position.  Address  of  letters.  Oliver  and  the  college 
charter.  Advises  frequent  communications. 

November  2.  Andrew  Oliver  to  Jasper  Mau- 
duit  81 

Sends  accounts  of  expenses  for  1761.  A word  of  explana- 
tion. Amherst’s  certificate. 


C ix  1 


Contents 


November  2.  Military  Accounts  for  1761  ....  82 

November  17.  Jonathan  Mayhew  to  Jasper  Mau- 

duit 86 


Is  anxious  about  his  health.  His  brother  as  associate 
agent.  Cause  of  the  protestant  dissenters.  His  brother 
not  elected.  Sends  a sermon. 

December  8.  Harrison  Gray  to  Jasper  Mauduit  88 

Sends  schedules  of  bills  of  exchange. 

December  20.  Andrew  Oliver  to  Jasper  Mauduit  89 

Sends  documents  on  the  winter  service,  and  extracts 
from  General  Amherst’s  letter,  with  his  certificate. 

1763 

January  11.  Andrew  Oliver  to  Jasper  Mauduit  91 

Order  for  a wig  and  watch. 

January  29.  Speaker  of  the  House  to  Jasper 

Mauduit 91 

House  approves  his  conduct  and  gives  vote  of  thanks. 
Documents  to  be  transmitted.  Economy  prevents  appoint- 
ment of  his  brother. 

February  7.  Andrew  Oliver  to  Jasper  Mauduit  92 

House  approves  what  he  has  done  on  the  parliamentary 
grants.  General  Amherst’s  certificate  and  further  evidence 
of  service.  His  brother’s  employment  by  the  Province. 

February  14.  James  Otis  to  Jasper  Mauduit  . . 95 

Efforts  to  secure  engagement  for  Israel  Mauduit.  Jack- 
son  will  never  be  agent.  Goldthwait’s  attack  and  a 
newspaper  controversy.  Weakness  of  the  present  admin- 
istration. Influence  of  the  Lieutenant  Governor. 

February  19.  Harrison  Gray  to  Jasper  Mauduit  97 

Bills  of  exchange  drawn  upon  him. 


Contents 


February  22.  Speaker  of  the  House  to  Jasper 

Mauduit 98 

Bollan’s  accounts  and  stoppages. 

April  8.  Jasper  Mauduit  to  the  Speaker.  ...  98 

On  the  stoppage  of  £10,000  from  the  parliamentary  grant. 

Why  he  cannot  petition  the  Board  of  Treasury  and  Parlia- 
ment. Duty  on  French  molasses  postponed. 

April  25.  Mauduit’s  Accounts 102 

May  3.  Harrison  Gray  to  Jasper  Mauduit  . . 103 

Mayhew’s  observations  on  the  charter  of  Society  for  the 
propagation  of  the  Gospel.  A correction. 

Dr.  Mayhew’s  Observations 104 

[Note  by  the  Editor.] 

May  4.  Charles  Chauncy  to  Jasper  Mauduit  . 115 

Offer  of  service.  Reasons  for  preferring  him  to  Jackson. 
Opposition  of  the  English  Society  to  an  American  Society 
for  converting  the  Indians.  Quality  of  incorporators.  Delay 
will  cause  embarrassment.  Will  receive  a letter  from  the 
associated  pastors. 

May  6.  Charles  Chauncy  to  Jasper  Mauduit  . 118 

Pastors  have  decided  against  sending  a letter. 

June  1.  Andrew  Eliot  to  Jasper  Mauduit  ...  119 

Thanking  him  for  his  interest  in  the  college.  Great  con- 
cern over  the  opposition  to  the  charter  for  American  Society. 

June  8.  Petition  of  Samuel  Harnden 120 

On  recovering  Mehitabel  Preble,  a captive  of  the  Indians, 
and  now  in  France. 

June  30.  Thomas  Cushing  to  Jasper  Mauduit  . 123 

On  associating  Israel  Mauduit  in  the  agency.  Bernard 
acting  in  Jackson’s  favor.  Will  be  policy  to  wait.  Desires 
to  trade  in  woolen  goods. 


Contents 


August  2.  Harrison  Gray  to  Jasper  Mauduit  . 

Notice  of  bills  drawn  against  the  grant  of  Parliament. 

August  23.  Harrison  Gray  to  Jasper  Mauduit  . 

Sends  a copy  of  the  list  of  bills  drawn. 

September  12.  Thomas  Cushing  to  Jasper  Mauduit 

Rumors  of  his  want  of  health  and  desire  to  have  his 
brother  the  agent.  Objection  raised.  Should  not  publicly 
express  his  intention  to  resign.  Strength  of  Jackson. 

September  23.  Harrison  Gray  to  Jasper  Mauduit 

Schedule  of  bills  drawn.  Introduces  Edmund  Quincy. 

October  28.  Thomas  Cushing  to  Jasper  Mauduit 

The  act  of  Parliament  for  improving  his  Majesty’s  rev- 
enue from  customs.  Bollan  would  have  sent  information. 
Act  should  be  repealed.  Who  may  be  consulted  on  the 
trade  with  the  West  Indies.  Nature  of  this  commerce. 
The  fishery.  May  take  up  manufactures.  Advantage  from 
trade  centering  in  Great  Britain.  Rate  of  duty  on  molasses 
suggested. 

November  10.  Thomas  Cushing  to  Jasper  Mauduit 

Sends  Bollan’s  statement  of  the  controversy  between  the 
sugar  and  the  northern  colonies.  References  to  writers  on 
trade. 

November  11.  Thomas  Cushing  to  Jasper  Mau- 
duit   

Seizure  of  a brigantine  from  France.  An  illustration  of 
effect  if  molasses  act  be  enforced.  Prorogation  of  the  Gen- 
eral Court.  No  revenue  can  be  gained  from  a high  duty. 
Smuggling  will  be  encouraged. 

December  14.  Royal  Warrant 

Distribution  of  the  grant  by  Parliament  among  the 
American  colonies. 

C xii  J 


125 

126 

127 

126 

130  . 

135  - 

136 

139 


Contents 


1764 

February  3.  Order  of  the  General  Court  . . . 142 

For  Mauduit’s  charge  of  his  agency. 

February  6.  Thomas  Hutchinson  to  William 

Bollan 143 


Move  to  elect  an  agent  to  go  to  England.  Was  perplexed 
by  his  own  election.  Have  written  to  Lord  Halifax  for  leave. 

Will  go  only  if  he  can  serve  the  Province. 

February  7.  Harrison  Gray  to  Jasper  Mauduit  . 145 

Sends  account  of  bills  drawn.  Reason  for  electing  Hutch- 
inson agent. 

February  n.  Thomas  Cushing  to  Jasper  Mauduit  145  * 

Instructions  on  the  molasses  act  are  being  prepared. 

Taxes  should  originate  with  the  people.  Measures  of  Par- 


liament and  the  special  agency.  Hutchinson  elected  and 
excused  at  his  own  request.  A stamp  tax.  Bollan’s  and 
his  own  accounts.  Jackson’s  support.  A fire  at  Harvard 
College. 

February  14.  Israel  Mauduit  to  150 

Acknowledges  tracts  on  Mayhew  controversy. 

March  29.  Thomas  Cushing  to  Jasper  Mauduit  . 15 1 

Trusts  he  will  come  to  no  sudden  determination  on  the 
agency.  His  resignation  would  surprise  his  friends. 

April  3.  Andrew  Oliver  to  Jasper  Mauduit  . . 151 


Sends  papers  and  documents.  Action  of  the  General 
Court  on  the  agency.  Sewall’s  opinion  on  Martyn’s  will. 


April  5.  Jasper  Mauduit  to  [Secretary  Oliver?]  153 

Incloses  his  accounts.  They  follow  in  detail. 

April  7.  Harrison  Gray  to  Jasper  Mauduit  . . 157 

An  error  in  drawing  bills. 

May  12.  Mauduit’s  Accounts 157 


c xiii  : 


Contents 


April  9.  Thomas  Cushing  to  Jasper  Mauduit.  . 158 

The  memorial  on  the  molasses  duty.  Instructions  should 
have  been  sent  earlier.  Effects  of  a duty  of  two  pence.  If 
diverted  from  trade  must  live  within  themselves. 

June  22.  Thomas  Cushing  to  Jasper  Mauduit  . . 160 

The  instructions  on  molasses  and  stamp  duties.  Hutchin- 
son and  the  agency.  Question  between  Jackson  and  Mau- 
duit’s  brother.  His  order  for  woolens.  Introduces  Thomas 
Bromfield. 

July  11.  Thomas  Hutchinson  to  163. 

Injudicious  conduct  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 

Their  letter  to  their  agent,  and  how  it  was  adopted.  Would 
never  have  served  under  such  instructions.  Policy  for  the 
colony  to  pursue. 

October  4.  Thomas  Hutchinson  to  William  Bol- 

lan 165 

Not  conscious  of  having  neglected  him.  Have  never  had 
a difference  with  Mr.  Pownall.  His  accounts. 

November  12.  Thomas  Cushing  to  Jasper  Mau- 
duit  167 

Right  of  self-taxation  asserted.  Other  colonies  have 
remonstrated.  Question  of  the  agency.  The  boundary 
disputes. 

November  17.  Thomas  Cushing  to  Jasper  Mau- 
duit  170 

Introducing  Bela  Lincoln.  Petition  on  the  right  of  the 
colonies  to  tax  themselves. 

November  28.  The  General  Court  to  Jasper 

Mauduit 171 

The  molasses  duty.  Fees  in  the  French  islands.  Diffi- 
culty of  paying  for  goods.  Wine  trade.  Consequences  of 
enforcing  the  duty  on  molasses.  Prices  and  revenue.  The 
timber  trade.  Benefits  derived  from  the  colonies. 

CxivJ 


Contents 


1765 

September  4.  Jasper  Mauduit  to  the  Speaker  . 180  * 

Indignant  over  the  resolution  of  the  General  Court,  vot- 
ing him  his  salary.  His  services  and  sacrifices.  Appoint- 
ment not  of  his  seeking.  The  salary  of  a private  steward. 


Takes  five  hundred  pounds  for  his  compensation. 

1767 

Andrew  Oliver  to  Jasper  Mauduit 184 

Society  business  and  a bill  for  Harvard  College. 

Index 187 


[xv  J 


PREFACE 


f I "'HESE  letters  and  papers,  including  military  accounts 

JL  for  1759  and  1761,  cover  a period  beginning  July 
14,  1760  and  ending  on  September  4,  1765,  although  there 
is  one  unimportant  letter  written  something  over  two 
years  later.  They  relate  to  the  agency  in  London  of  the 
Province  of  Massachusetts  Bay  and  concern  two  of  the 
agents:  William  Bollan,  who  was  agent  from  1746  to 

1762,  and  Jasper  Mauduit,  who  succeeded  him  and  whose 
agency  terminated  in  January,  1765. 

The  correspondence  commences  three  months  before 
George  III  succeeded  to  the  throne  and  at  the  time  when 
the  power  of  France  in  America  was  broken,  a condition 
formally  recognized  three  years  later,  in  1763,  in  the  Treaty 
of  Paris.  The  Province  was  governed  by  the  Charter  of 
William  and  Mary  and  had  been  since  1691,  when  the 
Colony  of  Massachusetts  Bay  in  New  England  and  the 
Colony  of  New  Plymouth  in  New  England,  together  with 
the  Province  of  Maine  and  the  territory  called  Acadia 
or  Nova  Scotia,  were  united  under  the  name  of  the  Prov- 
ince of  Massachusetts  Bay  in  New  England. 

At  the  head  of  the  Government  was  the  royal  Governor 
appointed  by  the  King  during  his  pleasure.  He  had  a 
full  veto  over  legislation,  was  the  Captain  General  of  the 
Militia,  the  Chief  Executive  officer  of  the  Province  and 
the  King’s  personal  representative.  His  Honor,  the  Lieu- 
tenant Governor,  also  appointed  by  the  King,  succeeded 
to  the  functions,  though  not  to  the  title  of  Governor,  upon 
the  latter’s  removal,  absence  or  death.  The  King  reserved 

C xvii  1 


Preface 


to  himself  admiralty  jurisdiction  in  order  to  enforce  the 
commercial  acts  of  Parliament.  Owing  largely  to  the 
Governor’s  dependence  for  his  salary  on  the  House  of 
Representatives,  the  latter  gradually  acquired  control  of 
the  Province.  By  1745,  the  royal  Governor  became  little 
more  than  an  administrative  figure  head  dependent  upon 
his  personal  influence  for  what  little  power  he  was  able 
to  exert. 

The  first  letter  is  from  Thomas  Hutchinson,  then  Lieu- 
tenant Governor,  to  William  Bollan,  dated  July  14,  1760, 
and  relates  to  military  expenditures  by  the  Province  of 
Massachusetts  Bay,  which  it  was  urged  should  be  paid 
out  of  the  Parliamentary  grant.1  This  was  followed  by 
five  letters  to  Bollan  and  one  to  an  undisclosed  corres- 
pondent, making  seven  in  all.  In  one  letter  Hutchinson 
writes  to  Bollan  that  the  latter  has  been  dismissed  from 
the  agency  and  adds:  “I  made  what  opposition  to  it  I 
could,  but  the  Terror  of  election  which  is  just  at  hand 
prevailed  over  all  other  considerations.” 

He  also  writes  later  in  regard  to  his  own  election  as 
agent  to  succeed  Mauduit,  which  he  declined.  So  much 
is  known  of  Hutchinson  that  it  is  unnecessary  to  make 
further  reference  to  him  here.  Comments  upon  him  in 
this  correspondence  emphasize  the  fact  that  he  was  less 
well  thought  of  in  Boston  in  1760  than  he  is  in  1918. 

William  Bollan  writes  three  letters.  He  came  from 
England  in  1740  and  was  a son-in-law  of  Governor  William 
Shirley.  James  Otis  in  one  of  his  letters  in  this  collection 
speaks  of  him  as  little  more  than  the  agent  of  his  father- 
in-law  and  the  “Shirlean  faction,”  “a  motley  mixture  of 
high  churchmen  and  dissenters  who,  for  the  sake  of  the 

XA  letter  from  Jasper  Mauduit  to  the  Speaker,  December  io,  1763,  on  this  subject 
is  in  1 Collections,  vi.  189. 

C xviii  ] 


Preface 


offices  they  sustain,  are  full  as  high  in  their  notions  of  pre- 
rogative as  the  churchmen.”  Otis  may  have  been  unduly 
critical.  Bollan  seems  to  have  stood  up  stoutly  for  the 
rights  of  the  Province  in  1749,  when  he  opposed  a bill 
to  overrule  charters  and  make  the  orders  of  the  King  the 
highest  law;  in  1750,  when  he  resisted  an  order  forbidding 
smiths  to  erect  mills  for  slitting  or  rolling  iron;  and  in  1751, 
when  he  resisted  a bill  to  restrain  bills  of  credit  without  the 
King’s  instructions  on  the  ground  that  the  Province  had 
a perfect  right  to  make  use  of  its  credit  for  its  defence. 

In  a letter  to  the  Speaker,  Bollan  said  that  the  Lords 
Commissioners  for  Trade  and  Plantations  had  under  con- 
sideration an  act  passed  by  the  General  Court  in  February, 
1760,  for  regulating  fees.  The  Lords  of  Trade  urged  two 
objections:  that  it  repealed  a perpetual  act  of  the  4th  of 
William  and  Mary  which  had  the  royal  approbation,  and 
that  the  act  repealing  it  should  have  contained  a clause 
suspending  its  force  until  the  King’s  determination  was 
declared. 

The  charter  provided  that  laws  should  continue  in  force 
in  case  his  Majesty  should  not  signify  his  disallowance 
within  the  time  limited.  Bollan  was  instructed  “to  defend 
to  the  utmost  the  General  Court’s  power  of  legislation  in 
its  full  extent  according  to  the  aforesaid  charter.”  Lord 
Sandys  “inveighed  against  four  acts  for  lotteries,”  as  mis- 
chievous in  their  nature,  destructive  to  labor  and  industry 
and  introductive  of  the  spirit  of  gaming,  ever  attended 
with  many  ill  consequences.”  In  spite  of  this  pious  pro- 
test, the  British  Government  continued  annually  to  raise 
considerable  sums  by  lotteries  until  1824.  The  hint  in 
Bollan’s  letter,  however,  caused  Governor  Bernard  to 
refuse  to  authorize  a lottery  for  Harvard  College  without 
submission  to  the  Lords  of  Trade. 


C xix  2 


Preface 


Andrew  Oliver  writes  nine  letters,  one  to  William  Bollan 
and  eight  to  Jasper  Mauduit.  He  must  not  be  confused 
with  his  younger  brother  Peter,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Su- 
perior Court  of  Judicature,  who  declined  to  refuse  to  receive 
his  salary  from  the  Crown  and  was  therefore  impeached. 

Andrew  Oliver  was  a brother-in-law  of  Hutchinson  and 
favored  the  British;  he  was  said  to  be  avaricious  and 
greedy  for  office;  he  was  stamp  distributor  at  a later 
period,  which  led  to  the  swinging  of  his  effigy  on  a bough 
of  the  great  elm  tree.  His  correspondence  relates  to  the 
military  accounts  and  other  business,  including  the  boun- 
dary dispute  between  Massachusetts  and  New  York;  and 
contains  a personal  request  that  Mauduit  send  him  “a 
Bob  wig,  about  two  guineas  price  and  a fashionable  watch 
for  his  son,  as  good  as  can  be  for  six  guineas.”  The  following 
were  the  directions  for  the  barber:  “A  bob  wig  for  Mr. 
Oliver  of  a middling  size,  rather  deep  in  the  head  and 
large  in  the  Ribon,  than  any  ways  under  size;  and  he  is 
desired  to  keep  the  measure  by  him  to  serve  hereafter.” 

James  Otis,  the  younger,  contributes  three  letters  — 
all  to  Mauduit.  Speaking  of  Otis,  John  Adams  wrote 
in  1818: 

The  resistance  to  the  British  system  for  subjugating  the  Colonies 
began  in  1760,  and  in  the  month  of  February,  1761,  James  Otis  electri- 
fied the  town  of  Boston,  the  Province  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  and  the 
whole  continent,  more  than  Patrick  Henry  ever  did  in  the  whole  course 
of  his  life.  If  we  must  have  panegyric  and  hyperbole,  I must  say,  that 
if  Mr.  Henry  was  Demosthenes  and  Mr.  Richard  [Henry]  Lee,  Cicero, 
James  Otis  was  Isaiah  and  Ezekiel  united. 

In  these  letters  Otis  expresses  apprehension  that  there 
is  a scheme  for  sending  a Bishop  “into  these  parts”  and 
that  our  Governor,  Mr.  Bernard,  is  deep  in  the  plot.  He 
expresses  the  hope  that  Israel  Mauduit  may  be  associated 

Ox  3 


Preface 


with  his  brother  as  joint  agent.  He  speaks  of  Lieutenant 
Governor  Hutchinson  as  at  the  head  of  the  High  Church 
party,  and  refers  to  his  “superficial  acts  of  intrigue”  which 
gave  him  many  offices  and  enabled  him  to  fill  “the  Supreme 
Court  of  Judicature  with  his  friends  and  the  other  Courts 
with  his  relations  and  dependants.”  This  seems  to  have 
been  a weakness  of  the  times,  for,  in  1771,  when  Hutchinson 
was  Governor  and  Andrew  Oliver,  Lieutenant  Governor, 
Samuel  Adams  wrote  to  Arthur  Lee: 

You  will  then  not  be  surprised  if  I tell  you  that  among  the  five 
judges  of  our  Superior  Court  of  Justice  there  are  the  following  near 
connections  with  the  first  and  second  in  station  in  the  Province:  Mr. 
Lynde  is  Chief  Justice;  his  daughter  is  married  to  the  son  of  Mr. 
Oliver,  the  Lieutenant  Governor;  Mr.  Oliver,  another  of  the  judges, 
is  his  brother;  his  son  married  Gov.  Hutchinson’s  daughter  and  Judge 
Hutchinson  lately  appointed,  who  is  also  Judge  of  the  Probate  of  Wills 
for  the  first  County,  an  important  department,  is  the  Governor’s 
brother.  Besides  which,  the  young  Mr.  Oliver  is  a Justice  of  the  Com- 
mon Pleas  for  the  County  of  Essex.  Mr.  Cotton,  a brother-in-law  of 
the  Governor,  is  deputy  secretary  of  the  Province  and  Register  in  the 
Probate  office  under  Mr.  Hutchinson;  a cousin  german  of  the  Gover- 
nor was  sent  for  out  of  another  province  to  fill  up  the  place  of  clerk  to 
the  Common  Pleas  in  this  county  and  the  eldest  son  of  the  Governor 
will  probably  soon  be  appointed  a Justice  of  the  same  Court  in  the  room 
of  his  uncle  advanced  to  the  Superior  bench.  I should  have  first  men- 
tioned that  the  Governor  and  the  Lieutenant-Governor  are  brothers 
by  marriage. 

Otis,  in  one  letter,  speaks  of  the  hostility  of  Governor  Ber- 
nard to  making  Israel  Mauduit  agent  with  his  brother 
and  adds:  “if  we  can  get  a vote  in  the  House,  it  will  be  as 
much  as  the  Governor’s  salary  and  quiet  are  worth  to 
negative  him.”  A little  later  he  says:  “A  letter  now  and 
then  to  the  whole  General  Court  would  not  be  amiss;  but 
the  House  of  Representatives  must  be  your  constant 

C xxi  3 


Preface 


correspondent.  With  a Governor,  we  think  our  Agent 
beyond  meer  civility  has  little  to  do.” 

James  Otis  wrote  to  Mauduit,  February  14,  1763,  that 
the  failure  to  appoint  Israel  Mauduit  was  due  to  the 
Governor  and  his  dependents.  The  Governor,  Lieutenant 
Governor  and  Secretary  Oliver,  were  said  to  have  been 
the  chief  opponents  because  of  an  alleged  prior  committal  to 
Mr.  Jackson,  of  whom  mention  will  be  made  later.  Hutch- 
inson, the  Lieut.  Governor,  as  it  seemed,  wished  himself 
to  be  Agent.  Suggestion  is  also  made  that  there  is  a news- 
paper war  commenced  against  Mauduit.  Otis  says  further: 

I really  fear  this  poor  Province  will  be  undone  under  the  present 
administration,  which  is  the  weakest  and  most  arbitrary  that  we  have 
known  since  the  revolution.  If  either  the  Governor  could  be  removed 
to  some  better  place,  and  a wiser  man  sent  in  his  room,  that  would  act 
for  himself,  or  if  the  Lieut.  Governor  could  be  confined  to  anyone  or 
two  great  posts,  as  Chief  Justice,  or  anything  but  Governor  in  Chief, 
we  might  do  well  enough.  But  while  he  has  all  the  real  power  of  the 
Province  in  his  hands  but  the  militia,  a much  wiser  Governor  than  I 
have  yet  seen  must  submit  to  him  or  live  in  perpetual  broils.  . . . 
England  will  ultimately  be  hurt  by  the  growth  of  arbitrary  power  in 
hands  of  plantation  Governors. 

It  is  interesting  to  notice  how  gradually  the  conviction 
took  root  that  the  independence  of  the  province  must  be 
asserted.  Not  one  of  the  American  agents  in  England 
imagined  that  the  Colonies  would  think  of  disputing  the 
stamp  act  at  the  point  of  the  sword,  and  even  Otis  said 
“it  is  our  duty  to  submit.” 

In  the  instructions  to  Jasper  Mauduit,  as  to  his  conduct 
as  agent,  is  found  the  expression,  “we  shall  ever  pray  that 
our  sovereign  and  his  posterity  may  reign  in  British 
America  till  time  shall  be  no  more.”  And  yet  it  is  not 
surprising  that  the  spirit  of  independence  should  have 

C xxii  J 


Preface 


grown  strong  between  the  time  of  the  first  settlement  in 
1620  and  the  Revolutionary  War.  The  people  of  Plymouth 
Colony  were  left  pretty  much  to  themselves,  until  1691, 
when  they  were  united  with  the  Colony  of  Massachusetts 
Bay  by  the  Charter  of  William  and  Mary.  The  people  of 
Massachusetts  Bay  were  quite  independent  under  the 
Charter  granted  by  Charles  I in  1629,  which  gave  them 
extensive  powers  amounting  to  self-government.  This 
Charter  was  annulled  by  a writ  of  quo  warranto  in  1684. 
Thus,  for  many  years  the  people  of  Plymouth  Colony  and 
the  people  of  Massachusetts  Bay  were  unvexed  by  any 
outside  interference  with  the  administration  of  their  own 
affairs. 

Jonathan  Mayhew  writes  two  letters  to  Jasper  Mauduit. 
Mayhew  was  a famous  preacher  and  controversialist 
minister,  perhaps  the  best  known  of  that  period.  He  was 
the  son  of  Rev.  Experience  Mayhew,  the  missionary  to 
the  Indians.  Jonathan  Mayhew  was  born  in  1720,  gradu- 
ated from  Harvard  College,  and,  in  1747,  was  ordained 
minister  of  the  West  Church  in  Boston.  John  Adams  said 
of  him: 

This  divine  had  reputation  both  in  Europe  and  America,  by  the 
publication  of  a volume  of  seven  sermons,  in  the  reign  of  King  George 
and  Second,  1749,  and  by  many  other  writings,  particularly  a sermon 
in  1750  on  the  subject  of  passive  obedience  and  non-resistance,  in  which 
the  saintship  and  martyrdom  of  King  Charles  the  First  are  considered, 
seasoned  with  wit  and  satire  superior  to  any  in  Swift  or  Franklin.  It 
was  read  by  everybody  — celebrated  by  friends,  and  abused  by  ene- 
mies. . . . Mayhew  seemed  to  be  raised  up  to  revive  all  the  animosities 
against  tyranny,  in  church  and  state,  and  at  the  same  time  to  destroy 
their  bigotry,  fanaticism  and  inconsistency.  . . . To  draw  the  character 
of  Mayhew  would  be  to  transcribe  a dozen  volumes.  This  transcendent 
genius  threw  all  the  weight  of  his  great  fame  into  the  scale  of  his 
country  in  1761,  and  maintained  it  there  with  zeal  and  ardor  till  his 
death  in  1766. 


[ xxiii  2 


Preface 


He  was  called  by  Robert  Treat  Paine  “the  father  of  civil 
and  religious  liberty  in  Massachusetts  and  America.” 

In  1701,  there  had  been  established  in  England  the 
“Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts.” 
This  was  thought  by  many  to  be  a society  for  propagating 
the  hierarchy,  especially  in  New  England. 

In  1763,  Jonathan  Mayhew  published  his  Observations 
on  the  Charter  and  Conduct  of  the  Society , in  the  course  of 
which  he  not  only  attacked  the  society  for  sending  mis- 
sionaries into  New  England,  but  also  took  occasion  to 
censure  the  proposed  scheme  for  the  introduction  of  an 
American  Episcopate.  He  quoted  from  St.  Pau  ’s  epistle 
to  the  Galatians,  describing  the  society’s  missionaries  as 
“Brethren  unawares  brought  in,  who  came  in  privily  to 
spy  out  our  liberty  which  we  have  in  Christ  Jesus,  that 
they  might  bring  us  into  bondage:  To  whom  we  gave 
place  by  subjection,  no,  not  for  an  hour;  that  the  truth 
of  the  Gospel  might  continue  with  you.” 

Several  answers  were  made  to  these  observations,  among 
them  a broadside  which  illustrates  the  methods  of  contro- 
versial arguments  of  the  day,  in  which  Mayhew  is  referred 
to  as  “A  certain  Jonathan  Mayhew,”  and  in  which  is  found 
the  statement:  “And  if  he  were  treated  according  to  his 
demerits,  a strong  toed  shoe,  or  an  oaken  plank  well  ap- 
plied would  be  quite  gentle  and  seasonable  . . . and 
. . . if  the  said  Mayhew  should  print  any  more  such 
foul  mouthed  anonymous  papers,  tending  to  vilify  charac- 
ters,” concludes  the  advertiser,  “I  will  advertise  him 
again  in  such  a manner,  as  that  his  whole  character  shall 
be  known.” 

The  pamphlet  that  attracted  most  attention  was  the 
so-called  answer  written  by  Seeker,  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury, of  which  someone  said  after  his  death: 

[ xxiv  3 


Preface 


As  to  Seeker,  he  is  laid  in  his  grave;  disturb  not  his  slumber.  His 
character  no  more  than  his  body,  can  endure  the  keen  question  of  the 
searching  air:  Unless  you  would  give  another  specimen  of  your  friend- 
ship, cause  him  not  to  stink  to  futurity. 

Mayhew  replied  to  Archbishop  Seeker’s  “answer,”  and 
this  reply  was  in  turn  answered  in  a pamphlet  by  the 
Reverend  East  Apthorp,  an  Episcopal  missionary  in  Cam- 
bridge. The  question  had  a decided  influence  on  the  his- 
tory of  the  time. 

John  Adams  writing  on  the  causes  of  the  Revolution  said: 

If  any  gentleman  supposes  this  controversy  to  be  nothing  to  the 
present  purpose,  he  is  greatly  mistaken.  It  (the  plan  of  episcopizing 
the  colonies,  especially  New  England)  spread  an  universal  alarm  against 
the  authority  of  Parliament.  It  excited  a general  and  just  apprehen- 
sion, that  Bishops  and  diocese  and  churches,  and  priests  and  tithes 
were  to  be  imposed  on  us  by  Parliament.  It  was  known  that  neither 
King,  nor  ministry,  nor  archbishops,  could  appoint  Bishops  in  America 
without  an  act  of  Parliament;  and  if  Parliament  could  tax  us,  they  could 
establish  the  Church  of  England,  with  all  its  creeds,  articles,  tests, 
ceremonies  and  tithes,  and  prohibit  all  other  churches  as  conventicles 
and  schism  shops. 

Rev.  Henry  Caner,  Rector  of  King’s  Chapel,  writing 
to  Archbishop  Seeker,  January  7,  1763,  said:  “We  are  a 
rope  of  sand;  there  is  no  union,  no  authority  among  us. 
We  cannot  even  summon  a convention  for  united  council 
and  advice,  while  the  dissenting  ministers  have  their 
monthly,  quarterly,  and  annual  associations,  conventions, 
etc.,  to  advise,  assist  and  support  each  other  in  many 
measures  which  they  shall  think  proper  to  enter  unto.” 

A year  earlier,  in  1762,  Mayhew,  in  a letter  to  Thomas 
Hollis,  of  London,  speaks  of  the  incorporation  by  the 
General  Court  of  a considerable  number  of  persons  by  the 
name  of  the  Society  for  propagating  Christian  knowledge 

l xxv  ] 


Preface 


among  the  Indians  of  North  America.  The  Act  of  Incor- 
poration was  sent  home  for  His  Majesty’s  approbation, 
without  which  it  could  not  take  effect.  “We  are  not  with- 
out apprehensions,”  said  Mayhew,  “that  our  good  friends 
of  the  Church  of  England  will  endeavor  to  obstruct  this 
scheme,  but  hope  to  no  purpose.”  The  Privy  Council, 
however,  reported  against  the  act  of  incorporation.  May- 
hew is  quite  certain,  so  he  says,  that  Mauduit  is  much 
more  likely  to  serve  the  Province  than  “a  gentleman  of 
the  Church  of  England,”  which,  by  the  way,  was  one  of  the 
reasons  for  dismissing  Bollan,  to  whom  the  reference  is 
made.  An  interesting  illustration  of  the  delays  incident 
upon  correspondence  between  Boston  and  London  is  found 
in  one  of  Mayhew’s  letters,  which  he  held  from  November 
1 7,  1762,  until  February  21,  1763,  for  “a  convenient  oppor- 
tunity of  conveyance.” 

Samuel  Martin,  in  behalf  of  the  Lords  Commissioners 
of  His  Majesty’s  Treasury,  writes  from  the  Treasury 
Chambers  to  Mauduit  under  date  of  June  21,  1762,  in 
regard  to  the  “Memorials  of  the  Agents  of  the  Several 
Colonies”  asking  for  a distribution  of  the  £200,000  granted 
by  Parliament  in  1761  as  compensation  for  expenses  in- 
curred in  1760  by  the  colonies  for  the  troops.  The  reply 
of  the  Colony  agents  follows,  dated  London,  June  25,  1762. 

Then  follows  a Treasury  Minute,  dated  White  Hall, 
Treasury  Chambers,  June  25,  1762.  Present:  The  Earl  of 
Bute,  Sir  Francis  Dashwood,  Lord  North,  Mr.  James 
Oswald,  Sir  John  Turner.  The  Earl  of  Bute  was  Prime 
Minister  in  1762.  Sir  Francis  Dashwood  was  Chancellor 
of  the  Exchequer.  His  financial  statement  in  1762  was 
very  much  confused  and  was  received  by  the  House  of 
Commons  with  roars  of  laughter.  He  exclaimed  “What 
shall  I do?  The  boys  will  point  at  me  in  the  street  and 

C xxvi  D 


Preface 


cry,  ‘There  goes  the  worst  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer 
that  ever  was.’” 

This  Treasury  Minute  considers  the  application  of  the 
Agents  of  the  Colonies  and  also  a separate  claim  from 
Mauduit  in  behalf  of  Massachusetts  Bay  for  money  ex- 
pended in  raising  and  paying  troops  for  Garrisons  at  Louis- 
burg  and  Nova  Scotia  in  the  winter  of  1759.  In  view  of 
this  claim,  it  was  decided  not  to  order  any  apportionment 
until  a proper  certificate  should  be  received  from  General 
Amherst. 

Bollan’s  advice  had  evidently  been  asked  in  this  matter  by 
Mauduit  for  he  declines  to  give  it  on  the  ground  that  as  he 
had  been  dismissed  from  the  office,  it  could  not  be  valued. 

A Treasury  Minute,  dated  Treasury  Chambers,  9th 
July,  1762;  Present:  The  Earl  of  Bute,  Sir  F.  Dashwood, 
Lord  North,  Mr.  Oswald.  Sir  John  Turner  states  that  out 
of  the  £200,000,  £10,000  is  to  be  withheld  to  satisfy  any 
extra  claim  of  Massachusetts  and  that  the  balance  of 
£190,000  is  to  be  distributed  among  the  Provinces.  And 
in  a Royal  Warrant,  dated  December  14,  1763,  by  his 
Majesty’s  command,  George  Grenville,  John  Turner, 
Thomas  Orby  Hunter,  £3,000  out  of  the  £10,000  claimed 
is  given  to  Massachusetts,  and  the  balance  is  distributed 
among  all  the  Provinces,  of  which  Massachusetts  received 
£2,190. 

Edmund  Trowbridge  writes  a long  letter  to  William 
Bollan  under  date  of  July  15,  1762,  in  regard  to  the  repay- 
ment to  Bollan  of  money  lent  by  the  latter  to  the  Province. 
Edmund  Trowbridge  was  an  eminent  lawyer,  Atty.  General 
in  1749;  in  1764-1765,  a member  of  the  Council;  and  later 
Justice  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Judicature  of  the  Province 
of  Massachusetts  Bay.  John  Adams  wrote  in  his  diary 
in  1771:  “I  went  this  evening,  spent  an  hour  and  took  a 

C xxvii  J 


Preface 


pipe  with  Judge  Trowbridge  at  his  lodgings.  He  says, 
‘ You  will  never  get  your  health  till  your  mind  is  at  ease. 
If  you  tire  yourself  with  business,  but  especially  with 
politics,  you  won’t  get  well.’  I said,  ‘I  didn’t  meddle  with 
politics  nor  think  about  them;’  — ‘except,’  said  he,  ‘by 
writing  in  the  papers.’  ‘I’ll  be  sworn,’  says  I,  ‘I  have  not 
wrote  one  line  in  a newspaper  these  two  years.’” 

Thomas  Cushing  writes  thirteen  letters  to  Jasper  Mau- 
duit.  He  was  a member  of  the  General  Court,  Speaker 
of  the  General  Court,  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  and  Probate  in  Suffolk,  a member  of  the  first  and 
second  Continental  Congresses,  afterwards  for  several 
years,  Lieutenant  Governor  of  Massachusetts;  an  associate 
of  Otis,  Samuel  Adams  and  Hancock. 

In  1773,  Cushing,  when  Speaker,  commenting  upon 
Samuel  Adams’  desire  for  a Congress  on  “the  plan  of 
union  proposed  by  Samuel  Adams,”  advised  that  the 
people,  for  a time,  should  bear  their  grievances,  and  said, 
expressing  the  conservative  view:  “Our  natural  increase 

in  wealth  and  population  will,  in  a course  of  years,  settle 
this  dispute  in  our  favor;  whereas,  if  we  persist  in  denying 
the  right  of  Parliament  to  legislate  for  us,  they  may  think 
us  extravagant  in  our  demands  and  there  will  be  great 
danger  of  bringing  on  a rupture  fatal  to  both  countries.” 

Adams,  on  the  contrary,  expressed  the  radical  view: 
“When  our  liberty  is  gone,  history  and  experience  will 
teach  us  that  an  increase  of  inhabitants  will  be  but  an 
increase  of  slaves.” 

In  his  letter  of  October  12,  1762,  Cushing,  then  a member 
of  the  General  Court,  congratulates  Mauduit  upon  his 
appointment  and  then  gives  him  some  advice  as  to  his 
conduct.  He  suggests,  for  example,  that  he  write  the 
Speaker  of  the  House  as  well  as  the  Secretary,  as  his  pre- 

C xxviii  ] 


Preface 


decessor  Bollan  had  done.  He  also  expresses  satisfaction 
that  the  agent  is  likely  to  succeed  in  preventing  the  Gov- 
ernor’s obtaining  the  sole  right  to  grant  charters,  and  adds, 
“It  has  been  the  constant  practice  here  for  the  three 
branches  of  the  legislature  to  grant  all  charters,  and  it  will 
bode  ill  to  the  privileges  of  this  people  if  this  right  should 
be  taken  from  them  and  vested  solely  in  a Governor.” 

A little  earlier  than  this,  in  April,  1762,  a scheme  was 
proposed  to  found  another  college  in  the  Province,  which 
may  have  been  one  of  the  “annoying”  matters  that  Cushing 
refers  to  in  his  letter.  The  plan  was  projected  in  the 
“Western  extremity  of  the  Province.”  A bill  proposed 
to  carry  the  plan  into  effect  passed  the  House  and  was 
rejected  by  the  Council,  because  the  college  was  to  be 
invested  with  University  powers  and  the  Province  could 
not  support  two  universities. 

Whereupon,  Governor  Bernard  was  applied  to  and  he 
ordered  a Charter  to  be  made  out  under  the  Province 
Seal,  giving  no  other  power  than  to  hold  land  and  money, 
to  sue  and  be  sued.  Objection  persisted,  however,  on  two 
grounds,  that  it  would  injure  the  old  College  and  would 
be  injurious  to  the  rights  of  the  people.  So  much  objec- 
tion was  made,  that  the  matter  was  dropped.  The  Gov- 
ernor insisted  that  as  the  granting  of  the  Charter  is  a right 
belonging  to  the  King’s  seal  and  as  the  Charter  of  the 
Province  is  silent  on  the  subject,  the  right  attached  to  the 
King’s  seal  within  the  Province.  The  Governor  adds, 
“It,  however,  persuaded  me  that  it  would  be  necessary 
to  guard  against  the  King’s  right  being  impeached  by  an 
usage  of  granting  incorporation  by  act  only.” 

Cushing  speaks  of  Mauduit’s  desire  to  associate  his 
brother  Israel  with  him  in  the  agency  and  then  writes  in 
several  letters  of  the  “Sugar  Act.” 


C xxix  2 


Preface 


In  1763,  England  determined  to  levy  direct  taxes  upon 
the  colonies,  not  only  for  their  own  military  defence,  but 
also  as  a contribution  to  the  payment  of  the  British  war 
debt.  George  Grenville,  who,  says  Macaulay,  knew  of 
“no  national  interests  except  those  expressed  by  pounds, 
shillings  and  pence,”  became  prime  minister  in  1763.  His 
first  measure  was  that  known  as  the  “Molasses  or  Sugar 
Act,”  reviving  an  old  law  of  1733  for  enforcement  in  the 
American  Colonies.  The  act  was  meant  to  protect  West 
Indian  sugar  planters  and  it  laid  a heavy  duty  upon  all 
sugar  and  molasses,  necessary  in  the  manufacture  of  New 
England  rum,  imported  into  North  America  from  the 
French  West  Indies.1 

Writing  under  date  of  November  n,  1763,  Cushing  said: 
“If  the  duty  of  six  pence  per  gallon  is  continued  and  rig- 
orously exacted,  all  must  desist  altogether  from  importing 
molasses  or  run  it  in  clandestinely.”  Again  under  date  of 
January,  1764,  he  spoke  of  a large  committee  of  both 
houses  to  consider  how  our  trade  is  affected  by  the  Act 
of  Parliament  laying  a duty  upon  molasses;  and  suggests 
that  we  can’t  admit  the  right  of  Parliament  to  tax  our 
trade.  In  February,  1764,  he  speaks  of  instructions  having 
been  forwarded,  of  Hutchinson’s  election  to  the  joint 
agency  and  his  declination  and  the  absence  of  any  necessity 
for  sending  him,  if  the  affair  of  the  duties  upon  molasses 
can  be  settled  this  winter;  speaks  of  the  attempt  of  the 
Ministry  to  obtain  a stamp  act  laying  a duty  upon  all 
writings  in  the  Colonies,  and  expresses  the  conviction  that 
Mauduit  will  oppose  strenuously  such  an  attempt  with 
all  other  projects  of  a like  nature;  refers  to  a settlement  of 

1 See  1 Collections,  IX.  268,  where  Mauduit  gives  an  account  of  a conference  between 
Grenville  and  the  colony  agents.  In  lb.,  VI.,  are  two  letters  of  Mauduit  on  the 
molasses  duty. 

C XXX  3 


Preface 


Mr.  Bollan’s  accounts  and  advises  frequent  settlements 
with  Mauduit;  refers  to  the  removal  of  the  Court  to  Cam- 
bridge because  of  small-pox  in  Boston  and  of  the  destruc- 
tion by  fire  of  college  buildings  in  which  the  General  Court 
sat,  together  with  the  library  and  apparatus;  and,  in  a 
letter  in  March,  1764,  refers  to  Mauduit’s  ill  health,  his 
disposition  to  resign,  the  likelihood  that  Hutchinson  might 
desire  to  succeed  him.  In  April,  1764,  he  acknowledges 
Mauduit’s  letters  of  December  24  and  February  11  preced- 
ing, relative  to  the  “Sugar  Act”;  and  regrets  that  contrary 
to  instructions  he  had  conceded  any  duty:  “the  sum  at 
first  thought  of,”  wrote  Mauduit  in  March,  1763,  “was 
four  pence.  But  Mr.  Grenville  seems  to  be  now  satisfied 
with  two  pence.  We  are  endeavoring  at  a penny.  It 
will  not  probably  be  more  than  two  pence.  All  that  the 
duty  can  be  brought  to  under  that  must  be  reckoned  as 
gain.” 

In  June,  1764,  Cushing  speaks  of  a session  of  the 
General  Court  at  Concord  and  of  Mauduit  to  get  the 
act  laying  a duty  of  three  pence  per  gallon  on  molasses 
repealed  and  to  oppose  most  strenuously  any  stamp  act; 
speaks  of  Hutchinson  as  a possible  agent,  and  in  this  con- 
nection of  Richard  Jackson,  who  has  been  referred  to 
before.  Jackson  was  at  different  times  agent  for  Connecti- 
cut, in  1762,  a law  officer  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  a mem- 
ber of  Parliament  and  Secretary  to  George  Grenville. 
His  learning  was  so  wide  that  he  was  known  as  “Om- 
niscient Jackson,”  although  Dr.  Johnson,  thinking  omnis- 
cience an  attribute  of  the  deity,  preferred  to  speak  of  him 
as  the  “all-knowing”  one.  In  this  letter,  Cushing  also 
speaks  of  the  dispute  among  the  Provinces  about  boundary 
lines,  and,  incidentally  of  his  desire  to  re-enter  the  woolen 
trade.  This  was  a natural  suggestion,  as  Jasper  Mauduit 

C xxxi  1 


Preface 


and  his  brother  Israel  were  in  the  woolen  business  in  Lime 
street  in  London. 

In  November,  1764,  Cushing  refers  to  a petition  from 
the  Council  and  House  of  Representatives  to  the  House 
of  Commons  in  which  “they  have  expressly  asserted  their 
exclusive  right  of  taxing  themselves  and  have  endeavored 
to  prove  that  the  subjects  here  ought  not  to  be  taxed 
without  their  consent,  either  in  person  and  by  their  repre- 
sentatives.” Also  to  the  matter  of  a successor  to  Mauduit 
in  the  agency  and  to  a dispute  as  to  the  boundaries  between 
Massachusetts  and  the  provinces  of  New  York  and  Con- 
necticut. 

Cushing  writes  to  Mauduit  again,  November  17,  1764. 
It  was  a letter  of  introduction  to  Bela  Lincoln,  son  of  a 
member  of  the  Council  and  himself  a member  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  from  the  town  of  Sherburne,  and  con- 
tains the  opinion  that  the  House  was  for  a clear  declara- 
tion of  the  right  of  the  people  to  tax  themselves,  but  that 
the  Council  would  not  go  so  far,  and  therefore  that  the 
petition  sent  was  in  the  nature  of  a compromise. 

The  General  Court  sent  a long  communication  to  Jasper 
Mauduit  under  date  of  November  28,  1764,  in  which  the 
opinion  was  expressed  that  the  duty  laid  upon  molasses 
was  so  high  as  to  amount  to  an  absolute  prohibition.  It 
was  thought  that  with  no  duty,  there  might  be  a profit 
of  a penny  a gallon  on  rum,  but  with  a duty  of  three  pence 
there  would  be  a loss  of  two  pence.  The  restriction  upon 
other  branches  of  trade  are  also  touched  upon. 

Charles  Chauncy  writes  three  letters.  He  was  a great 
grandson  of  Charles  Chauncy,  President  of  Harvard  Col- 
lege, and  was  Pastor  of  the  First  Church  at  the  age  of 
twenty-two  and  for  sixty  years.  He  was  attached  to  the 
civil  and  religious  liberty  of  the  country  and  firmly  con- 

C xxxii  3 


Preface 


vinced  of  the  justice  of  the  cause  of  the  Colonies.  Next 
to  Jonathan  Edwards  and  Jonathan  Mayhew,  he  was  the 
most  widely  known  among  the  great  New  England  divines. 
In  1766,  he  preached  a sermon  on  the  occasion  of  the  repeal 
of  the  stamp  act  from  the  text,  “As  cold  waters  to  a thirsty 
soul,  so  is  good  news  from  a far  country.” 

John  Adams,  in  speaking  of  stoicism,  refers  to  a declara- 
tion of  our  excellent  and  blessed,  though  once  passionate 
Dr.  Chauncy,  that  he  had  “found  by  experience  that  a 
man  could  lie  all  night  upon  his  pillow  under  the  most 
excruciating  torment  of  toothache,  headache,  rheumatism 
and  gout,  unable  to  sleep  a wink,  without  uttering  a groan, 
sigh  or  syllable.”  Speaking  of  the  proposed  charter  to 
another  college,  Chauncy  expresses  the  opinion  that  Gov- 
ernor Bernard  would  not  grant  it,  and  adds:  “it  will  be 
ruinous  to  the  Province  in  a religious  as  well  as  civil  respect, 
should  the  Governor  be  allowed  to  grant  charters  by  his 
own  single  power.”  Chauncy  also  conveys  the  information 
that  Bollan  is  only  a “complimental”  friend  of  Mauduit, 
and  that  Oliver  is  a friend  of  Bollan’s  friends. 

Chauncy  writes  Jasper  Mauduit  under  date  of  May  4, 
1763,  commends  him  for  “getting  the  money  our  late  agent 
was  not  able  to  do,”  and  expresses  the  opinion  that  the 
General  Court,  as  well  as  others,  thought  that  Mauduit 
had  more  influence  than  Bollan.  He  also  speaks  of  the 
incorporation  of  the  new  society  to  work  for  the  conversion 
of  the  heathen  as  something  to  be  desired  and  forwarded, 
and  expresses  surprise  that  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury 
and  the  “Society  for  the  propagation  of  the  Gospel  in 
foreign  parts”  should  oppose  the  incorporation.  He  again 
writes  Mauduit  May  6,  1763,  upon  the  same  subject. 

Jasper  Mauduit  contributes  four  letters.  In  October, 
1762,  to  Harrison  Gray,  Treasurer  and  Receiver  General 

C xxxiii  2 


Preface 


of  the  Province,  he  “Commends  the  zeal  shown  by  the 
gentlemen  of  the  Province  in  the  conversion  of  the  Cana- 
dian Indians.” 

In  April,  1763,  he  writes  to  the  Speaker  as  to  payments 
for  the  Province  for  military  service  in  connection  with 
which  he  desired  to  have  his  brother’s  assistance,  says 
that  the  bill  for  lowering  the  duty  on  French  molasses  has 
been  put  off  another  year;  sends  his  accounts  to  Secre- 
tary Oliver  in  April,  1764,  and  says  — in  October  — that, 
because  of  his  ill  health,  he  wishes  an  agent  appointed  in 
his  place.  January  24,  1765,  Richard  Jackson  was  ap- 
pointed; Mauduit  turned  over  all  his  papers  by  May  1, 
1765.  The  General  Court  allowed  him  the  usual  commis- 
sion on  money  expended  and  paid  him  £100  per  year 
salary  during  his  term  of  service.  This  drew  from  Mauduit 
an  indignant  letter  to  the  Speaker,  dated  London,  Sep- 
tember 4,  1765,  in  which  he  says  that  he  regards  the  offer 
of  £100  a year  salary  as  an  affront.  After  an  enumeration 
of  his  various  services,  he  says,  “I  will  not  accept  of  a vote 
which,  in  the  terms  of  it,  appears  to  me  to  carry  insult 
added  to  ingratitude.” 

Harrison  Gray  writes  eight  letters  in  regard  to  financial 
matters.  He  was  Treasurer  of  the  Province,  and  appar- 
ently somewhat  weak  and  vacillating.  “Gray,”  said  John 
Adams,  “has  a very  tender  mind,  is  extremely  timid,” 
and  adds:  “In  1764,  1765,  Harrison  Gray,  Esq.,  Treasurer 
of  the  Province,  was  as  open  and  decided  an  American  as 
James  Otis.  In  1766,  Dr.  Mayhew,  who  has  been  an 
oracle  to  the  Treasurer,  died  and  left  him  without  a mentor. 
Had  Mayhew  lived,  it  is  believed  that  Gray  would  never 
have  been  a refugee.  But  the  seducers  prevailed,  though 
he  had  connected  his  blood  with  an  Otis  by  marrying  his 
beautiful  daughter  to  a brother  of  the  Great  Patriot,  James 

C xxxiv  ^ 


Preface 


Otis,  Jr.”  There  is  also  an  extract  from  a letter  from 
General  Amherst  to  his  Excellency  the  Governor,  dated 
New  York,  October  31,  1762,  dealing  with  certificates 
of  the  number  of  troops  levied,  clothed,  etc.,  by  each 
Province,  in  1760,  1761,  1762. 

General  Jeffrey,  Lord  Amherst,  as  Major  General,  com- 
manded at  the  capture  of  Cape  Breton  and  took  Ticon- 
deroga  from  the  French  in  1759.  He  had  an  important 
part  in  the  conquest  of  Canada  in  1760,  and  was  Com- 
mander in  Chief  of  armies  in  America  until  1763,  when  he 
was  appointed  Governor  of  Virginia. 

Timothy  Ruggles,  Speaker  in  1762-3,  wrote  two  letters 
to  Jasper  Mauduit.  Ruggles  was  one  of  the  best  lawyers 
in  the  Province.  In  1758-60,  he  was  Brigadier  General 
under  Lord  Amherst,  was  leader  of  the  King’s  party  in 
the  General  Court  and  Chief  Justice  of  the  Court  of  Com- 
mon Pleas.  In  1759  he  kept  a tavern  in  Sandwich  and 
practiced  law,  dividing  the  business  with  the  elder  Otis. 
When  the  British  troops  evacuated  Boston  in  1775,  he  went 
with  them. 

He  writes  Mauduit  under  date  of  January  29,  1763,  and 
says,  among  other  things,  that  motives  of  economy  pre- 
vented the  appointment  of  Israel  Mauduit  as  associate 
agent;  but  it  appears  that  the  House  on  January  17,  and 
the  Council  on  January  19,  joined  Israel  Mauduit  to  the 
agency  upon  the  “express  condition  that  the  Colony  be 
put  to  no  further  expense  for  the  Agency,  than  if  this 
appointment  had  not  been  made.” 

He  again  writes  to  Jasper  Mauduit  under  date  of  Boston, 
February  22,  1763,  in  regard  to  the  stoppage  by  Bollan  of 
sums  of  money  out  of  the  Parliamentary  grants. 

Andrew  Eliot  writes  Jasper  Mauduit  one  letter  under 
date  of  June  1,  1763,  transmitting  a vote  of  thanks  from 

C xxxv  ^ 


Preface 


the  Overseers  of  Harvard  College  for  his  interest  in  its 
behalf.  He  also  speaks  with  regret  of  the  fact  that  “the 
Act  incorporating  a number  of  persons  into  a Society  for 
propagating  the  Gospel  among  the  Indians  is  not  likely 
to  have  the  royal  approbation,”  and  with  satisfaction  that 
“we  have  an  agent  ...  by  whom  we  can  so  easily  apply 
to  the  body  of  our  dissenting  Brethren  in  England.” 

Eliot  was  pastor  of  New  North  Church  in  1742,  member 
of  the  Board  of  Overseers  and  of  the  Corporation  of  Har- 
vard College  and  once  elected  President  of  the  College, 
but  declined  the  appointment. 

Israel  Mauduit  wrote  a letter  from  Lime  Street  to  an 
undesignated  correspondent,  dated  February  14,  1764. 
He  speaks  of  receiving  pamphlets  on  the  controversy  be- 
tween Mayhew  and  his  opponents  and  of  his  interest  in 
promoting  a bill  in  Parliament  for  the  encouragement  of 
the  whale  fishery. 

Israel  Mauduit  was  a more  prominent  and  apparently 
an  abler  man  than  his  brother  Jasper.  He  was  an  English 
political  writer,  educated  as  a dissenting  minister,  and 
partner  with  his  brother  in  the  woolen-drapers  business  in 
Lime  Street.  In  1760  he  wrote  a pamphlet,  which  attracted 
much  attention,  entitled  Occasional  Thoughts  on  the  Present 
German  War,  and  he  continued  an  active  controversialist 
on  colonial  affairs  until  1778. 

Among  the  papers  in  this  collection  is  the  petition  of 
Samuel  Harnden  addressed  to  His  Excellency  Francis 
Bernard,  Esq.,  his  Majesty’s  Captain  General  and  Gover- 
nor in  Chief  in  and  over  the  Province  aforesaid  and  vice- 
Admiral  of  the  same;  The  Hon’ble  his  Majesty’s  Council 
and  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the  said  Province  in 
General  Court  Assembled  at  Boston,  May  25,  1763.  The 
humble  petition  of  Samuel  Harnden  of  Woolwich  in  the 

C xxxvi ] 


Preface 


County  of  Lincoln.  Gentlemen  — Shews  etc.  This  peti- 
tion relates  to  his  grand-children  captured  by  Indians; 
four  had  been  recovered,  but  one  of  them,  a girl  of  thir- 
teen, taken  to  Rochelle  in  France,  was  there  held  in  servi- 
tude. The  petition  desired  that  she  be  returned  to  her 
native  land.  Under  date  of  June  8,  1763,  the  matter  was 
referred  by  the  Council  to  the  Agent  with  an  expression 
of  a desire  that  the  discharge  of  the  child  be  obtained. 

Charles  G.  Washburn. 


C xxxvii  3 


Jasper  Mauduit 
1762-1 765 


Jasper  Mauduit 

1762-1765 


THOMAS  HUTCHINSON  TO  WILLIAM  BOLLAN1 

Boston  14th  July  1760 

Sir, — There  are  papers  and  accounts  referred  to  in  your 
instructions,2  to  be  forwarded  by  the  Secretary;  but  as 
the  preparing  them  has  been  desird  of  me,  it  is  necessary 

1 should  write  to  you  concerning  them:  You  will  find  two 
Declarations,  one  from  John  Wheelwright,  Esqr.,  of  the 
taking  229  barrells  powder  by  General  Shirley;  the  other 
from  Temple  Decoster3  of  92  barrells  powder,  Six  Cannon, 

2 Mortars  and  sundry  stores  taken  from  Castle  William, 
all  which  except  one  of  the  Mortars,  which  was  for  the 
Crown  Point  Expedition  were  carried  to  Oswego  and  there 
taken  by  the  Enemy.  The  Mortar  for  Crown  Point  was 
never  returned.4 

1 A copy  is  in  Mass.  Arch.,  xxv.  14. 

2 The  instructions  to  Bollan,  in  the  writing  of  James  Bowdoin,  and  dated  June  28, 
1760,  are  in  Mass.  Arch.,  civ.  24. 

3 Temple  Decoster  was  married  to  Ann  King,  December  2,  1734,  by  Rev.  Elisha 
Callender.  N.  E.  Hist.  Gen.  Register,  xxxiv.  95. 

4 A report  of  both  Houses,  drawn  up  by  Samuel  Danforth  and  accepted  on  June  16, 
1760,  stated:  “Whereas  a Petition  was  some  time  since  presented  to  his  majesty  in  Coun- 
cil by  the  Agent  of  this  Province,  setting  forth  that  divers  Cannon,  mortars  and  some 
stores  which  were  taken  from  Castle  William  and  used  in  His  Majesty’s  service  at  Oswego 
or  on  the  Crown-Point  Expedition  were  not  return’d;  That  others  of  the  cannon  at 
Castle  William  were  defective,  and  not  to  be  depended  on,  and  that  for  the  proper 

C33 


17603 


Jasper  Mauduit 


You  will  also  find  Copys  of  Muster  Rolls  for  the  Seamen 
that  by  an  Agreement  between  Admiral  Durell1  and  Gov- 
ernor Pownall  were  sent  to  serve  in  the  Fleet:2  As  the  men 
when  they  were  discharged  had  not  Tickets  given  them 
they  could  find  no  way  of  disposing  of  their  Wages  that 
was  due  while  on  board  the  Ships.  The  Government 
therefore  paid  the  Men  their  full  Wages  from  the  time  of 
their  Inlisting  until  their  return,  Those  that  died  their 
Wages  was  paid  untill  the  time  of  their  death,  to  their 
legal  Representatives  and  a full  discharge  given  by  each 
Man,  an  assignment  made  to  the  Province  of  the  wages 
due  from  the  Crown.  Pay  Rolls  have  been  sent  hither 
and  Copys  are  now  transmitted  to  you  for  the  Men  that 
served  on  board  five  Ships,  but  the  Pay  Rolls  for  the  rest 
were  never  received.  Consequently  no  deduction  could  be 
made  for  any  supplies  while  on  board,  and  they  have  been 
actually  paid  their  full  Wages,  according  to  the  Roll  sent 
you. 

It  is  supposed  most  if  not  all  these  Men  served  on  board 
the  Neptune , whose  original  Pay  Roll  as  well  as  the  rest 
you  will  no  doubt  be  able  to  find  at  the  Pay  Office,  For 
the  sum  due  to  these  Seamen:  you  must  therefore  apply 
on  behalf  of  the  Province,  and  you  may  safely  engage  that 
no  demand  shall  ever  be  made  by  any  person  who  has 


strength  of  the  Place  a greater  number  of  the  larger  Cannon  was  requisite,  and  there- 
upon, prayed  that  the  Cannon  and  stores  might  be  granted  for  strengthening  the  said 
Castle  as  to  His  Majesty  should  seem  meet,  which  Petition  is  still  depending;  The  Com- 
mittee are  therefore  of  opinion  that  a Plan  of  that  Fortress,  and  an  Account  of  the  Ordi- 
nance there  be  prepared,  and  that  the  Commander  in  Chief  of  the  Province  be  Desir’d 
to  give  Order  therefor,  that  so  the  same,  together  with  the  Accounts  and  Estimates  be- 
forementioned,  may  be  forthwith  transmitted  to  Mr.  Agent  Bollan  to  enable  him  the 
better  to  solicit  and  transact  the  Affairs  of  the  Province  in  Great  Britain.”  Mass.  Arch., 
xxn.  144. 

1 Phillip  Durell. 

2 See  Pownall’s  message  in  Journals  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  March  6,  1759. 

[4] 


Jasper  Mauduit 


Ci  760 


not  received  full  Satisfaction  from  the  Province  and  given 
a discharge.  And  as  there  was  nothing  given  to  each 
Man  to  show  the  Wages  due  to  them,  if  the  Province  had 
not  Advanced  the  Money  they  must  have  suffered,  it  is 
hoped  you  will  meet  with  no  difficulty  in  obtaining  a 
Reimbursement. 

I must  observe  to  you,  that  it  was  expected  the  Pay 
of  the  Men  should  begin  at  the  time  of  their  Inlisting  and 
continue  until  their  discharge  at  Boston  but  the  Rolls  are 
made  only  from  their  Entry  on  board  until  their  being 
put  aboard  the  Transports.  If  Admiral  Durell’s  Agree- 
ment can  be  found  it  shall  be  sent  you.  If  it  is  not  here, 
I suppose  Governor  Pownall  must  have  it  among  his  papers.1 
You  will  observe  that  whatever  you  receive  short  of  the 
full  sum  paid  by  the  Province  must  be  added  to  the  Ac- 
count of  the  charge  the  Province  has  been  at  for  the 
General  Service  the  last  Year  which  Accounts  are  now 
likewise  transmitted  to  you. 

These  Accounts  are  not  meer  Computation  but  the 
sum  charged  has  actually  been  paid  except  for  Colo.  Frye’s  2 
Regiment  the  Officers  of  which  as  well  as  the  Men,  remain- 
ing all  the  Winter  in  Nova  Scotia,  the  Rolls  could  not  be 
made  up.  The  number  of  Men  is  also  ascertained  by  the 
Rolls  and  although  the  returns  may  not  shew  that  the 


1 “Governor  Pownall  having  called  upon  me  yesterday,  to  decline  by  reason  of 
the  state  of  his  affairs  the  care  of  the  application  for  relief  of  the  sufferers  by  the  lire  at 
Boston,  upon  my  inquiry  he  informed  me  that  the  agreement  made  between  him  and 
Admiral  Durell  respecting  these  seamen  was  made  by  letter,  and  he  seemed  fully  per- 
suaded that  the  Admiral’s  letter,  or  a duplicate,  was  lodged  with  the  Secretary,  saying 
at  the  same  time  that  if  he  had  the  original  it  was  packed  up  together  with  his  other 
papers  left  in  Mr.  Hancock’s  hands,  and  that  I should  have  it  when  he  received  it;  but 
the  time  of  his  receiving  his  papers  I perceived  was  very  uncertain.”  Bollan  to  the 
Speaker,  February  14,  1761.  Mass.  Arch.,  xxii.  186.  A “duplicate”  is  in  the  Bow- 
doin-Temple  Papers,  1.  35,  in  this  Society,  and  is  printed  in  6 Collections,  ix.  8. 

2 Joseph  Frye  (1711-1794). 


17603 


Jasper  Mauduit 


whole  number  have  been  in  service  at  any  one  time,  yet 
this  whole  number  have  certainly  Inlisted  and  been  in  pay 
and  Service  tho’  some  by  reason  of  Sickness  and  some  by 
desertion  did  not  join  the  Kings  regular  Forces. 

I am  now  to  mention  to  you  that  over  and  above  the 
service  done  in  Common  with  the  other  Colonies  this  Gov- 
ernment has  kept  Garrisons  at  Louisbourg  and  Nova 
Scotia  the  whole  Winter,  the  Accounts  sent  you  are  to  the 
1st  of  November  only,  except  two  Company’s  only  to  the 
24th  of  November.1  What  this  charge  has  been  it  is  not 
possible  to  ascertain  until  the  Rolls  are  made  up.  Twenty 
five  hundred  Men  were  first  sent  thither  with  a promise  of 
discharge  the  1st  of  November  but  the  regular  Forces  being 
kept  at  Quebeck,  the  Government  here  to  induce  the  Men 
to  consent  to  stay  offered  and  paid  a bounty  of  four  pounds 
per  Man,  to  every  Man  who  should  tarry  til  the  1st  of 
May.2  The  Men  were  extreamly  uneasy  and  many  of  the 
Garrison  of  Louisbourg  were  discharged;  some  but  not 
many  from  other  parts  came  home  without  leave.  When 
the  General  Court’s  Committee  mett  in  January  to  con- 
sider of  measures  for  the  present  Year,  it  was  pretty  evi- 
dent that  1700  of  the  2500  then  remained,  and  but  few  of 
these  came  home  before  the  1st  of  May.  It  is  certain  we 
shall  have  more  than  the  Wages  of  1400  Men  to  pay  for 
the  whole  term,  making  a full  Allowance  for  discharges,  de- 
sertions and  deaths.  Thomas’s  3 Regiment  of  780  from 
April  1 st  to  November  1st,  which  is  Seven  Months,  the 
Wages  amount  to  £12,680.  Now  1400  Men  from  Novem- 
ber to  May,  which  is  Six  Months,  in  the  same  proportion 

1 According  to  the  monthly  returns  made  by  Colonel  Whitmore,  governor  of  Louis- 
burg,  these  provincial  regiments  numbered  887  in  June,  1759,  and  515  in  April,  1760. 
Mass.  Arch.,  xxii.  156. 

2 Province  Laws,  xvi.  460. 

3 John  Thomas  (1725-1776). 

n 6 3 


Jasper  Mauduit 


[1760 


amounts  to  £19,517  — to  which  £5600  bounty  being  added 
makes  £25,117 — lawful  money  which  is  equal  to  £18,837 
Sterling. 

This  sum  it  seems  equitable  the  Province  should  be  al- 
lowed out  of  the  Parliamentary  Grant  before  their  propor- 
tion of  service  to  the  other  Governments  is  considered,  for 
no  other  Government  has  been  at  any  expence  to  set  against 
this.1  I am  sensible  your  Argument  last  Year  was  founded 
upon  this  reason,  and  that  nevertheless  it  was  rejected, 
but  as  nothing  can  be  more  just  it  is  to  be  hoped  it  will 
being  repeated  prevail.  Indeed  it  will  be  discourageing  if 
it  should  not.  The  People  hitherto  have  chearfully  sub- 
mitted to  an  amazing  burthen  of  Taxes  every  Year  and 
seem  disposed  still  to  exert  themselves  until  the  great  de- 
sign of  the  War  is  effected,  but  if  they  are  distinguished  un- 

1 “This  detention  became  necessary  by  the  taking  of  Quebec,  which  was  garrisoned 
by  the  troops  that  otherwise  would  have  relieved  ours,  and  has  brought  upon  the  Province 
an  expence  which  the  other  Colonies  have  done  nothing  to  balance;  it  is  reasonable 
therefore,  as  they  are  equally  benefitted  by  the  happy  occasion  of  this  expence,  which 
arose  from  the  necessity  of  the  service  they  were  engaged  in,  with  us,  that  they  should 
bear  their  proportion,  and  that  they  may  bear  their  proportion  you  are  to  urge  the  pay- 
ment of  said  expence  out  of  the  grant  aforesaid,  before  any  apportionment  of  it  be  made 
among  the  Colonies,  and  that  the  remainder  be  divided  according  to  such  rule  as  may  be 
determined  upon.”  Instructions  to  Bollan,  June  20,  1760.  Mass.  Arch.,  xxii.  155. 
The  total  parliamentary  grant,  March  31,  1760,  was  £200,000.  In  reply  to  Bollan’s 
representations  he  was  informed  in  November;  that  “the  apportionment  was  agreed  on 
and  determined  by  the  Lords,  who  in  making  it  had  finally  governed  themselves  by  the 
number  of  men  raised  by  the  several  Colonies  that  appeared  in  the  field  by  the  General’s 
account,  and  that  nothing  but  points  of  form  were  wanting  for  the  entire  settlement  of 
this  affair.”  lb.,  174.  In  February,  1761,  Bollan  told  the  agents  of  the  colonies  that  it 
was  his  intention  to  get  the  service  of  the  Massachusetts  regiments  at  Louisburg  and 
Nova  Scotia  recognized  as  a service  different  from  the  campaign  service  and  therefore 
to  be  paid  out  of  some  other  fund  than  the  parliamentary  grant,  “being  persuaded  that 
this  extraordinary  winter  service  was  not  within  the  contemplation  of  the  parliament 
when  the  grant  was  made,  at  which  time  the  service  was  not  concluded,  the  grant  being 
made  on  the  31st  of  March.”  Ib.,  183.  The  matter  was  complicated  by  the  absence  of 
definite  accounts. 

The  three  regiments  detained  at  Louisburg  and  Nova  Scotia  were  Frye’s,  912 
men,  Jonathan  Bagley’s,  854,  and  Nathaniel  Thwing’s,  739,  a total  of  2505. 

C 7 3 


Jasper  Mauduit 


1760H 


favourably  in  their  proportions  of  the  Parliament’s  Grants 
I fear  they  will  be  disposed  to  avoid  doing  more  than  in 
proportion  to  others.  Notwithstanding  this  burthen  of 
Taxes  and  the  Relief  from  time  to  time  given  by  Parlia- 
ment yet  the  annual  Charge  is  so  great  that  the  Publick 
debt  increases  annually  Thirty  or  Forty  thousands  lawful 
money. 

I am  very  sure  you  will  conduct  these  Affairs  in  such 
manner  as  shall  appear  to  you  most  for  the  Interest  of  the 
Province.  I am,  Sir,  Your  very  humble  Servant, 

Tho:  Hutchinson.1 

MILITARY  ACCOUNTS  FOR  I759 

By  his  Excellency  Francis  Bernard,  Esquire, 

[Tear]  Captain  General  and  Governor  in  Chief  in 
and  over  His  Majesty’s  Province  of  the 
Massachusetts  Bay  in  New  England,  and 
Fra.  Bernard.  Vice  Admiral  of  the  same. 

I do  hereby  Certifie  that  Andrew  Oliver, 
Esqr:  (who  has  attested  the  annexed  Copy)  is  Secretary  of 
the  aforesaid  Province;  And  that  Harrison  Gray,  Esqr: 

1 In  announcing  August  8,  1760,  that  he  had  received  the  province’s  part  of  the 
first  grant  of  £200,000,  Bollan  wrote:  “I  Proceeded  pursuant  to  the  order  of  the  General 
Court,  to  purchase  foreign  coin’d  gold  with  it,  and  have  laid  out  the  greater  part  in  gold 
at  £3,  19/.  2 d,  3,  and  4,  per  oz.  The  Jews  have  raised  the  price,  in  order  to  send  it  abroad, 
and  the  Bank  have  raised  upon  them  to  keep  it  in  the  Kingdom.  Their  broker  in  my 
hearing  today  offered  £3,  19 s.  5 d.  I have  gone  on,  with  proper  assistance,  as  fast  as 
possible,  and  hope  to  finish  the  whole  at  a tolerable  price  within  a short  time.”  Mass. 
Arch.,  xxii.  158.  This  coin  was  shipped  in  October  by  H.M.S.  Fowey,  Captain 
Tonyn.  Bollan  details  his  reasons  for  thus  sending  and  draws  a curious  picture  of  the 
obstacles  in  the  way  of  shipping  large  sums.  This  particular  remittance  was  insured 
for  £60,000  in  the  London  Assurance  corporation.  “When  the  Cape  Breton  money  was 
insured,  I found  the  Royal  Assurance  company  more  tender  than  the  London,  and  private 
assurers,  being  subject  to  death  and  bankruptcy.  I have  no  opinion  of  dealing  with 
them  but  in  case  of  necessity;  and  the  corporations  are  less  inclined  to  insure  so  large  a 
sum  on  one  bottom  than  on  several.”  Bollan  to  Oliver , October  8,  1760.  Ib.,  169. 

[83 


Jasper  Mauduit 


Ci  760 


(who  has  attested  the  same)  is  Treasurer  of  the  same 
Province,  And  that  full  Faith  and  entire  Credit  is  and  ought 
to  be  given  to  their  respective  Acts  and  Attestations  both 
in  Court  and  without. 

In  Testimony  whereof  I have  caused  the  Publick  Seal 
of  the  Province  of  the  Massachusetts  Bay  aforesaid  to  be 
hereunto  affixed;  Dated  at  Boston  the  Eighth  Day  of  Janu- 
ary 1761  In  the  first  Year  of  His  Majesty’s  Reign.1 
By  his  Excellency’s  Command, 

Jno.  Cotton,  Dep:  Seer  y. 2 

An  Account  of  the  Charges  paid  by  the 
Massachusets  Government,  for  his  Majesty’s  general  Service 

in  the  Year  1759. 

The  following  Sums  have  been  paid  for  Wages  of  Soldiers 
raised  for  his  Majesty’s  Service  Vizt: 


RUGGLES’  REGIMENT 

No.  of 


Men  Companies 

Sum  paid 

16  Staff  Roll 

1706.19. 

1 

124  Job  Williams 

1882.  2. 

6 

100  Sam’l  Clark  Payne 

l666.I2. 

8 

90  James  Reed 

1492.16. 

2 

104  John  Burt 

1726.IO. 

2 

no  Salah  Barnard 

1784.  I. 

- 

78  Ebenz’r  Cox 

1357-  4- 

- 

133  John  Bancroft 

21 14.14. 

1 

64  Will’m  Page 

1146.  5. 

1 

39  Joseph  Ingall 

643.  1. 

5 

93  Leon’d  Whiting 

1610.13. 

1 

1 George  III  began  to  reign  October  25,  1760. 

2 This  was  received  by  Bollan  February  6,  1761.  A memorial  to  the  Lords  Commis- 
sioners of  the  Treasury  on  the  special  service  at  Louisburg  and  Nova  Scotia,  presented  by 
Jasper  Mauduit,  but  without  date,  is  in  Mass.  Arch.,  xxn.  21 1. 


7603  Jasper 

Mauduit 

104  Jon’a  Butterfield 

1741.  8.10 

63  Sam’l  Robinson 

1099.  8.  8 

64  Jon’a  Fletcher 

1263.  8.  - 

107  Aaron  Willard 

1705. 16.10 

102  John  Nixon 

1624.10.  8 

68  Jeduth’n  Baldwin 

1178.17.  7 

1 15  John  Furnass 

1844.12.  5 

104  Stephen  Maynard 

1728. 11.  9 29337.14.  • 

00 

WILLARD 

S REGIMENT 

ii  Staff  Roll 

IO48.II.3l 

35  Rich’d  Sykes 

604.15.  2 

51  Sylvanus  Walker 

80O.I3.  2 

102  Elijah  Smith 

i556.l6.II 

52  Thos.  Cobb 

869.  4. 1 1 

51  John  Fellows 

763.12.  9 

53  John  Church 

887.  I. II 

50  Oliver  Baron 

784.19.  2 

50  Fran:  Peabody 

841.16.  2 

34  Asa  Noble 

554-  2. 11 

49  Timothy  Flammond 

827.13.  8 

50  Jeremiah  Learned 

814.16.  3 

50  Simeon  Cary 

746.  6.  8 

50  Lemuel  Bent 

802.15.  2 

49  Abijah  Hall 

822.  6.  9 

46  Nath’l  Hodges 

784.18.  1 

29  John  Harvey 

5io.  -.  3 

42  Aaron  Lay 

674.  9. 1 1 

43  Will’m  Bailey 

726.13.  5 

41  Silves.  Richmond 

857.19.  6 

54  Will’m  Jones 

844.  5.  2 17123.19.2- 

992 

CioH 


UlM 


Jasper  Mauduit 


Ci  76  o 


bagley’s  regiment 


10  Staff  Roll 
103  Stephen  Whipple 
109  George  Hanners 

102  Edward  Blake 

106  Sam’l  Glover 

107  Israel  Davis 

103  Sam’l  George 
103  Edmund  Moores 
1 18  Andrew  Giddings 
106  Hum’y  Chadburn 
105  Joseph  Newall 

1070 


865.  6.  3 
1481.  1.  7 

1549-  5-  5 
1466.1 1.  6 
1456.19.  8 

1598.18.  1 
1540.  4.  7 

1486.19.  6 

1858.13.  3 

1646.14.  9 

1503.  4.11  16453.19.  6 


THOMAS  S REGIMENT 


No.  of 


Men  Companies 

Sum  paid 

9 Staff  Roll 

790.15-  3 

86  Jeremiah  Mayo 

1336.14.9J 

55  Ephraim  Holmes 

882.  4.9! 

55  Barach’n  Basset 

879.12.il 

98  Jotham  Gay 

i477-i9-3f 

54  Gamaliel  Bradford 

872.  1. 11 

94  Lem’l  Dunbar 

1503-  --if 

102  Josiah  Thacher 

1421.  -.  5 

54  Abel  Keen 

877.13.6I 

100  Sylvanus  Bourne 

1455-  3-8| 

77  Jabez  Snow 

1185.18.  2 

12682.  4.1 


784 


C II] 


17603 


Jasper  Mauduit 


PIONE  E RS 


45  John  Williams 

622.  3.  - 

27  Nath’l  Bagley 

436.19-  5 

51  Will’m  Davenport 

749-15-  5 

35  Sam’l  Sturgis 

523.  8.  4 

48  Sam’l  Peck 

00 

1-n 

t-H 

'4- 

34  Gideon  Parker 

5n.17.10 

42  Joseph  Smith 

658.  6.  8 

43  Israel  Hutchinson 
325 

676.  9. 1 1 

5221 

prebble’s 

REGIMENT 

8 Staff  Roll 

l68. 12. IO 

105  George  Berry 

756.13.  8 

100  David  Bean 

716.  -.  8 

100  James  Cargill 

708.  2.  9 

100  Israel  Herrick 

716.  1.  5 

3065 

413 

The  several  Sums  paid  for  Wages  bro’t  forward 

Ruggles’s  Regiment 

1678  Men  29337.14.  - 

Willard’s 

992 

17123.19.  2 

Bagley’s 

1070 

16453.19.  6 

Thomas’s 

784 

12682.  4. if 

Pioneers 

325 

5221.16.  3 

Prebble’s 

413 

3065.11.  4 

Col.  Fry’s  Regiment 
posted  in  Nova  Scotia 
and  yet  detained  there, 
have  not  rec’d  their 
pay,  are  supposed 

equal  to  Thomas’s  784  12682.  4.1!  96567.  8.6 

6046 


C 12  3 


Jasper  Mauduit 


[1760 


The  several  Sums  following  have 
also  been  paid  out  of  the  Prov- 


ince Treasury. 

For  Bounty  Money  to  Men  to  en- 
list  46647.  1.  8 

For  billeting  until  they  received  the 

Kings  Provisions 1063.19.  2 

For  sick  and  wounded  Soldiers.  . . . 1706.  -.  4 
For  Expresses  and  other  contingent 

charges 274.  8.  7 

For  transporting  Soldiers 53.  7.  6 

For  billeting  Home 350.  -.  - 


491 14.17.  3 


145682.  5.9 


The  Commissary  Gen’l  has  paid  the 
following  sums  as  appears  by  his 
Accounts,  vizt.  for 


6348  Blankets 

4655- 

4- 

- 

6348  Canteens 

529- 

-. 

- 

6348  Powder  Horns  and  Flasks. . . 

3I7-] 

[6. 

- 

6000  Haversacks  and  Pouches. . . . 

750. 

- 

21 1 16  Tin  Kettles 

387-1 

[8. 

8 

1058  Hatchets  and  Helves 

176. 

6. 

8 

150  Great  Coats 

225. 

-. 

- 

Transporting  Stores 

1185. 

5- 

4 

Stores  for  the  Hospital 

692. 

5- 

- 

Medicines 

609. 

4- 

8 

Billeting  Men  upon  their  return 

home 

87. 

? 1 
- 4 

Nurses,  etc.  for  sick  and  wounded 

318.10. 

- 

155,615.19.1 


L 13  U 


| >Mco  u>|n 


17603 


jasper  Mauduit 


Prov.  of  Massa.  Bay,  July  15th,  1760 

The  foregoing  Accounts  contain  the  Charge  of  the  Prov- 
ince of  the  Massachusetts  Bay  for  the  Forces  raised  under 
the  General  and  Commander  in  chief  of  his  Majesty’s 
Forces  in  North  America,  and  the  full  sum  of  155,615.19.1! 
has  either  been  paid  by  me  as  Province  Treasurer,  or  by 
the  Commissary  General  as  appears  by  his  Accounts  and 
for  the  sum  paid  by  the  Commissary  General.  Money  has 
also  been  advanced  to  him  out  of  the  Province  Treasury, 
and  said  sum  of  155,615.19.1!  is  exclusive  of  the  Wages  of 
236  Seamen  raised  by  and  in  the  pay  of  said  Province  for 
his  Majesty’s  Ships  in  the  River  St.  Lawrence. 

FIarrison  Gray,  Treas’r. 

The  sum  of  12,682.  4.1!  computed  for  Col.  Fry’s  Regi- 
ment to  be  excepted  out  of  said  sum  of  155,615.19.1!. 

I do  hereby  Certifie  that  the  six  preceding  pages  con- 
tain the  true  Copy  of  the  Account  of  the  Charge  of  this 
Province  for  His  Majestys  General  Service  in  the  Year 
1759  as  Attested  by  Harrison  Gray,  Treasurer  of  the  said 
Province,  and  upon  file  in  the  Secretary’s  Office. 

^ ttest  A.  Oliver,  Sec’y. 

Note  there  is  an  Error  of  2/9 d.  in  transferring  the  Sum 
to  the  last  page.1 

1 April  29,  1761,  the  apportionment  of  the  grant  for  1759  was  made,  and  in  spite  of 
Bollan’s  plea  for  larger  allowances  to  Massachusetts,  that  province  received  £60,634. 
All  the  agents  of  the  other  participating  colonies  contended  for  a distribution  per  capita. 
“This  morning  I went  into  the  city  to  make  provision  for  remitting  the  money  as  soon 
after  receiving  it  as  possible;  there  I found  that  for  the  late  expedition  the  Government 
had  taken  from  the  Bank  all  the  foreign  silver  they  had,  and  bought  up  what  they  could 
meet  with  in  the  hands  of  others.  The  gentleman  to  whom  I applied  for  intelligence  sold 
them  all  that  he  had  at  $s.  9 d.  per  oz.,  and  sterling  standard  silver,  which  is  1 \d.  an  ounce 
better  than  Spanish  standard,  being  now  at  11  d.  at  market,  which  you  are  sensible 

is  9 d.  an  ounce  above  the  proper  standard  of  the  Government  for  coin,  Spanish  silver 

C 143 


jasper  Mauduit 


D761 


WILLIAM  BOLLAN  TO  THE  SPEAKER.1 

Leicester  Square,  [London],  May  8th,  1761 

Sir, — The  Lords  Commissioners  for  Trade  and  planta- 
tions having  under  their  Consideration  an  Act  passed  by 
the  General  Court  in  February,  1760, 2 for  regulating  fees, 
on  the  24th  of  last  month,  pursuant  to  their  direction,  1 
attended  their  Lordships,  when  Lord  Sandys 3 told  me  they 
had  these  two  objections  to  the  Act.  (1)  that  altho’  a 

is  now  worth  $s.  9?J.per  oz.  to  the  manufacturer,  to  be  wrought  into  plate,  and  there  is 
very  little  to  be  had  at  any  price.  Gold  is  at  present  £4.  oj.  s,d.  per  oz.,  but  as  there  is 
very  little  in  town,  and  the  Jews  are  picking  it  up  as  fast  as  they  can,  its  future  price 
is  very  uncertain,  especially  as  it  will  be  affected  by  the  rise  or  fall  of  exchange  with  Hol- 
land. At  my  desire  a gentleman  will  write  into  the  country  this  evening  to  secure  what 
may  be  had  there,  and  I am  in  hopes  that  I shall  be  able  to  secure  some  that  is  expected 
in  the  next  packet  from  Lisbon.”  Bollan  to  Oliver,  April  29,  1761.  Mass.  Arch.,  xxii.  188. 

Difficulties  were  raised  on  the  payment  of  the  grant,  as  the  aids  on  which  it  de- 
pended had  not  come  into  the  Treasury,  and  in  June  the  agents  were  informed  that  they 
would  receive  half  of  the  sums  in  money,  and  half  in  exchequer  tallies,  which  would  carry 
interest  and  probably  be  paid  in  the  following  March.  Even  this  method,  accepted  from 
necessity  by  the  agents,  did  not  settle  the  question,  for  the  Earl  of  Kinnoull,  late  pay- 
master general,  brought  up  an  advance  of  £44,592  illegally  made  in  1756  to  the  Colonies, 
as  he  claimed,  on  an  order  of  General  Shirley,  which  had  never  been  repaid,  and  for  which 
he  (Kinnoull)  could  be  held  responsible.  This  difficulty  the  agents  overcame,  and  Bol- 
lan prepared  to  ship  gold,  silver  not  offering  in  sufficient  quantity;  but  the  price  of  gold 
was  such  that  with  freight  and  insurance,  the  province  would  lose  seven  per  cent.  Hear- 
ing that  the  province  intended  to  sell  bills  against  the  grant,  payable  in  London,  Bol- 
lan determined  not  to  ship,  but  to  await  further  instructions.  The  Boston  Evening  Post 
for  June  22  contained  the  following  advertisement:  “Whereas  by  an  Act  of  the  General 
Court,  the  Province  Treasurer  is  enabled  and  directed  to  draw  Bills  of  Exchange  on  Mr. 
Agent  Bollan,  to  the  Amount  of  Sixty  Thousand  Pounds  Sterling:  He  therefore  gives 
Publick  Notice  to  all  Merchants  and  others,  Inhabitants  of  the  Province,  who  are  in- 
clined to  purchase  any  of  said  Bills,  that  a Subscription  Roll  open  at  the  office,  where  they 
may  subscribe,  no  Person  above  One  Thousand  Pounds,  nor  under  One  Hundred  Pounds 
Sterling,  until  the  first  Day  of  July  next.” 

1 This  letter  in  the  Washburn  collection  does  not  show  to  whom  it  was  written.  A 
copy  in  Mass.  Arch.,  xxii.  190,  gives  the  proper  address. 

2 Passed  February  13.  Province  Laws,  iv.  291. 

3 Samuel  Sandys  (i695?-I77o),  who  had  become  first  lord  of  trade  and  plantations 
March  21,  1761.  What  his  contemporaries  thought  of  him  is  indicated  in  the  Dictionary 
of  National  Biography,  l.  294. 


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temporary  Act,  it  repeald  a perpetual  Act  of  the  4th  of 
William  and  Mary,  Chapt.  17.  (2)  that  the  perpetual  Act 

having  had  the  royal  approbation,  an  Act  for  repealing  it 
ought  to  have  contain’d  a Clause  suspending  its  force  and 
execution,  until  the  king’s  determination  thereupon  was 
declared.1  A few  things  were  then  said,  wherein  some  of 
the  Lords  seem’d  to  suppose  these  objections  unanswer- 
able. After  observing  that  a New  establishment  of  Money, 
with  the  changing  circumstances  of  a New  country,  re- 
quired a New  table  of  fees,  I desired  the  matter  might  be 
deferr’d  til  I could  consider  the  present  Act,  and  all  the 
former  laws  relating  to  fees,  together  with  their  Lordships’ 
objections,  as  this  Act  had  never  been  transmitted  to  me, 
and  I was  wholly  a stranger  to  it  when  I received  their  di- 
rections to  attend;  and  after  some  time  spent  hereupon  the 
matter  was  put  off  accordingly.  Their  Lordships  then 
passed  to  another  affair,  and  Lord  Sandys  having  in  his 
hand  four  Acts  for  lotteries  he  inveigh’d  against  them,  as 
mischievous  in  their  nature,  destructive  to  labour,  and  in- 
dustry, and  introductive  of  the  spirit  of  gaming,  ever  at- 
tended with  many  ill  consequences.2  In  excuse  for  these 
Acts,  I observed  that  the  distresses,  occasiond  by  the 
heavy  expence  of  the  War,  of  which  the  Province  had  taken 
so  large  a part,  had  probably  brought  these  lotteries  into 

1 In  November,  1761,  a letter  to  Bollan  was  prepared  by  a committee,  of  which 
Bowdoin  was  the  reporter.  On  these  objections  he  said  that  the  perpetual  act  for  regu- 
lating fees  had  been  frequently  suspended  by  temporary  acts  appointing  different  fees, 
and  these  temporary  acts  had  never  been  disallowed  by  the  king.  As  to  the  suspending 
clause,  the  charter  provided  that  laws  made  should  continue  in  force,  in  case  his  majesty 
should  not  signify  his  disallowance  within  the  time  limited,  until  their  expiration  or  their 
repeal  by  the  General  Assembly.  Bollan  was  to  “defend  to  the  utmost  the  General 
Court’s  power  of  legislation  in  its  full  extent  according  to  the  aforesaid  charter.” 

2 In  spite  of  the  growing  opposition  to  lotteries  the  British  government  continued 
annually  to  raise  considerable  sums  in  lotteries  authorized  by  act  of  parliament  until 
1824.  The  hint  in  Bollan’s  letter  caused  Bernard  to  refuse  to  authorize  a lottery  for 
Harvard  College  without  express  submission  to  the  Lords  of  Trade.  6 Collections,  ix,  10. 

C 16  □ 


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use;  and  the  whole  board  having  concurrd  with  his  lord- 
ship  in  declaring  their  evil  nature,  I told  their  lordships  I 
wou’d  take  the  first  opportunity  of  acquainting  the  General 
Court  with  their  sentiments  thereupon.  It  is  needless  to 
say  that  many  of  the  most  able  statesmen,  as  well  as  di- 
vines, have  always  declared  against  the  use  of  lotteries, 
and  being  fully  persuaded  that  the  continuance  of  them, 
wou’d  prejudice  the  province’s  desirable  character,  in  the 
minds  of  some  of  their  best  friends,  as  well  as  be  disagree- 
able to  others,  I think  it  my  duty  to  recomend  a total  dis- 
use of  them.  The  day  before  yesterday  being  appointed 
for  hearing  any  thing  that  I might  have  to  offer  respecting 
the  Act  for  regulating  fees,  upon  my  being  called  in,  Lord 
Sandys  told  me,  that  in  favor  to  me,  who,  they  understood, 
had  been  indisposed,  they  wou’d  require  me  to  speak  only 
to  the  two  points  of  the  Acts  being  temporary,  and  want- 
ing a suspending  clause.  In  Case  I had  thought  it  a proper 
time  for  entring  into  the  consideration  of  the  matter  at 
large,  I should  very  gladly  have  declined  this  favor  to  my- 
self, and  after  briefly  taking  notice  that  forms  were  intro- 
duced for  the  sake  of  substance,  and  that  if  the  Act,  as  it 
appeared  to  me,  was  founded  on  the  principles  of  equality 
and  justice,  and  was  render’d  necessary  by  the  present  Cir- 
cumstances of  the  Province,  I conceived  its  merit  in  these 
particulars  was  a reason  for  its  approbation.  I then  pro- 
ceeded to  observe,  that  if  their  lordships  were  inclined  to 
introduce  the  use  of  suspending  clauses,  in  Certain  cases, 
and  to  declare,  that  the  present  act,  without  considering 
its  Merits,  ought  to  be  disallowed,  for  the  want  of  such 
clause,  this  was  a matter  which  so  nearly  affected  the 
Province’s  power  of  Legislation,  that  I must  earnestly  pray 
their  lordships  to  postpone  the  consideration  of  the  affair, 
so  that  I might  have  time,  to  give  proper  notice  to  the 

Ci  7 n 


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jasper  Mauduit 

General  Court,  and  receive  their  instructions  hereupon. 
In  support  of  this  motion,  I observed  to  their  lordships, 
that,  as  I understood,  the  Province  now,  and  at  all  times 
since  their  constitution,  was  formed  by  their  present  Char- 
ter, conceived  the  General  Court  was  well  entitled  to  the 
free  exercise  of  their  Authority,  in  making  such  proper  laws 
as  the  welfare  of  the  province  from  time  to  time,  in  their 
judgment  required,  which  laws  were  to  take  immediate  ef- 
fect, that  the  power  of  repealing  their  own  laws,  was  like 
wise  unrestrained,  and  that  there  had  never  yet  been  an 
instance  of  a suspending  clause  being  inserted  in  any  Act. 
Upon  my  mentioning  this  last  point  Mr.  Pownall,  who  had 
before  observed  to  their  lordships  that  there  was  an  alter- 
native, which  was,  to  send  over  the  draught  of  the  Act, 
before  passing  it,  to  whom  one  of  the  lords  replied,  that  was 
the  same  thing  with  the  Suspending  clause,  now  said,  that 
the  draught  of  one  Act  had  been  sent  over  here,  which  re- 
lated to  the  proceedings  of  the  Commissioners  in  Cases  of 
Bankrupts.1  After  observing,  that  altho’  I had  never  heard 
of  this  draught  being  sent  over  before,  yet  I supposed  this 
was  a Special  case,  and  probably  owing  to  the  extraordi- 
nary difficulties  that  attended  the  King’s  repeal  of  the  Act, 
that  had  before  passed  against  bankrupts;  and  this  being 
immediately  agreed  to  be  the  Case,  I then  observed  that 
precedents  in  these  cases  being  always  readily  cited,  it  was 
proper,  before  making  another  for  me  to  acquaint  the  Gen- 
eral Court  with  this  matter,  especially  as  I had  never  re- 
ceived any  instruction  from  them  hereupon,  nor  ever  been 
in  any  manner  concerned  in  this  question.  After  with- 
drawing, and  waiting  a Considerable  time,  Mr.  Pownall 
came  to  me,  and  told  me  that  their  lordships  would  not 

1 Possibly  the  act  in  Province  Laws,  iv.  29,  which  the  Lords  of  trade  recommended 
should  be  disallowed.  Ib.,  44. 

[ IS  3 


Jasper  Mauduit 


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now  proceed,  in  order  to  come  to  any  determination  upon 
the  Act;  but  that  it  should  lye  by,  for  further  Considera- 
tion. 

I write  in  more  haste  than  is  agreeable,  and  cannot  at 
present  recollect  any  thing  further  that  is  material  to  be 
said  on  this  Occasion,  save  that  their  lordships  in  the 
Course  of  this  affair,  seem’d  to  have  their  eye  more  on  the 
suspending  clause,  than  the  other  point,  and  appeared  to 
speak  from  premeditation,  and  that  I am  satisfied  they 
will  confine  their  future  consideration,  to  the  two  points 
aforemention’d,  presuming  at  the  same  time  that  they  will 
defer  the  matter  til  the  General  Court’s  instruction  herein 
can  be  received. 

I am,  with  the  greatest  respect  for  the  Great  and  Gen- 
eral Court  sir  Your  most  obedient  and  most  humble  serv- 
ant, 

Wm.  Bollan. 

THOMAS  HUTCHINSON  TO  WILLIAM  BOLLAN 

Boston,  6th  June,  1761 

Sir,  — You  will  have  sent  you  by  this  Ship  the  Accounts 
of  the  charges  incurred  by  this  Province  since  the  Account 
for  the  Year  1759,  which  you  acknowledged  you  had  re- 
ceived. They  are  as  particular  as  could  be,  unless  the 
Copies  of  the  Muster  Rolls  had  been  sent,  but  that  I sup- 
pose will  not  be  thought  necessary. 

As  it  is  uncertain  how  far  the  Province  may  have  been 
considered  for  the  charge  of  the  Forces  during  the  Winter 
of  1759,  whilst  all  the  other  Governments  were  free  from 
the  like  expence,  you  find  for  that  reason  a Column  for  the 
pay  of  those  Regiments  from  the  time  the  Rolls  in  the  last 
account  were  made  up  until  the  31  of  March,  about  which 

Ci9  3 


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Jasper  Mauduit 


time  the  service  of  the  last  year  begins;  and  this  is  not 
done  by  any  uncertain  computation,  but  I have  taken 
every  Man’s  Wages  in  the  three  Regiments  and  so  made 
the  deduction.  This  was  a Work  of  a great  deal  of  time 
and  trouble,  but  I thought  it  necessary.  The  bounty  of 
the  Men  who  continued  over  the  Winter  added  to  their 
Wages  makes  the  sum  of  £29,754.9.6.  and  is  exclusive  of 
the  Accounts  for  the  last  Year  which  Amount  to  £186, 
562.9.1!.  The  Column  for  the  Wages  before  November  in 
Frye’s  Roll  is  intended  only  to  shew  how  near  the  Amount 
is  to  what  was  computed  in  the  Accompts  of  the  last  year. 

There  are  some  Rolls  from  which  no  deduction  is  made 
in  either  of  these  columns,  and  they  are  Rolls  for  Com- 
panies which  were  sent  down  the  last  Year  by  General 
Amherst’s  direction.  The  reason  why  some  Rolls  exceed 
others  of  the  same  Number  of  Men  is  this;  the  Men  were 
discharged  at  different  times,  and  Bagley’s  Regiment  was 
much  longer  in  service  than  the  rest,  great  part  of  it  was 
blown  off  to  the  West  Indies  or  Virginia,  and  did  not  ar- 
rive until  late  in  the  Spring,  and  may  properly  be  con- 
sidered in  the  same  light  with  the  Forces  we  kept  at  Nova 
Scotia  the  Winter  before. 

There  are  4670  Men  in  the  Rolls  for  the  Western  Serv- 
ice and  318  sent  Eastward  the  last  Year:  So  many  the 

Government  have  certainly  paid  Wages  to  for  that  Years 
service.  There  are  2187,  besides  in  the  three  Regiments 
East.  Of  that  number  above  1500  were  in  Service  the  be- 
ginning of  the  Year  1760,  and  about  1000  remained  the 
whole  season;  the  others  left  the  Service  at  different  times, 
and  their  continuance  can  no  other  way  be  ascertained 
than  by  a copy  of  every  Roll.  The  Court  having  com- 
mitted these  Accounts  to  my  care  I thought  it  needfull  to 
give  this  explanation  of  them. 

C203 


Jasper  Mauduit 


D761 


The  Pay  Rolls  for  the  Seamen  were  sent  by  two  Con- 
veyances and  I think  one  by  a Pacquet  from  New  York. 
It  is  unfortunate  that  both  should  miscarry.  Another  copy 
will  be  sent  by  this  Ship.  I am,  Sir,  Your  most  humble 
Servant,  Thos.  Hutchinson. 


ANDREW  OLIVER  TO  WILLIAM  BOLLAN 

Boston  17th  June  1761 

Sir, — You  have  herewith  inclosed  the  Accounts  of  the 
Province  charge  for  the  general  Service  since  the  Accounts 
for  the  year  1759,  together  with  Copies  of  the  Pay  Rolls 
for  the  Seamen,  referred  to  in  the  Lieutenant  Governor’s 
Letter  of  6th  Instant,  which  I now  forward  to  you. 

I can  find  no  original  Letters  either  of  General  Amherst 
or  of  Admiral  Durell  relative  to  our  men  who  served  on 
board  the  Fleet,  and  have  accordingly  acquainted  the 
General  Court,  by  their  Committee,  of  the  want  of  this 
particular  kind  of  evidence;  but  the  agreement  which 
Governor  Pownall  made  with  them  severally  appears  very 
express  upon  the  records  of  the  Court.  I therefore  by  their 
direction  transmit  you  every  thing  that  I can  find  in  the 
books  relative  to  this  agreement  vizt:  Copy  of  his  Excel- 
lency’s Message  of  6th  March  1 — the  Resolutions  of  the 
Court  of  the  13th  March,  18th  April,  and  15th  January 
following  — which  may  possibly  be  of  some  use  in  obtain- 
ing a good  proportion  of  the  Grant  of  1759,  as  well  as  in 
obtaining  payment  at  the  Navy  Board.  I likewise  send 
you  copy  of  my  Letter  of  15th  January  to  the  Treasurer  of 
the  Navy,  and  of  the  answer  thereto  of  April  following 
which  will  (at  least)  let  you  more  fully  into  the  State  of 
this  Affair. 


1 Journals  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  March  6,  1759. 


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It  may  be  proper  to  observe  to  you  the  Occasion  of  the 
note  annexed  to  the  Copy  of  the  Resolutions  of  the  13 
March.  The  House  in  their  Resolutions  of  15th  January, 
1760,  refer  to  a Vote  of  the  Court  of  the  10th  March,  1759: 
this  reference  I imagine  was  made,  upon  finding  in  the 
Journal  of  the  House,  that  the  House  passed  these  Reso- 
lutions the  10  March:  but  as  these  Resolutions  were  not 
concurred  by  the  Board  till  the  13th  they  bear  that  date 
in  the  General  Court  Books,  and  the  Copy  of  said  Resolu- 
tions now  sent  you,  bear  that  date  accordingly.  1 am, 
Sir,  Your  most  obedient  humble  Servant, 

And’w  Oliver. 

[Memorandum,]  Mr.  Secr’y  Oliver’s  Letter  June  17th  1761.  reed. 
Aug’t  5th. 


THOMAS  HUTCHINSON  TO  WILLIAM  BOLLAN 

Boston  19th  December  1761 

Sir,- — -There  will  accompany  this  Letter,  a Certificate 
which  General  Amherst  has  transmitted  to  the  Governor 
for  ascertaining  the  Number  of  the  Forces  paid  by  this 
Government,  in  the  Year  1760.  So  far  as  respects  the  men 
at  Nova  Scotia,  the  Certificate  has  but  little  Tendency  to 
answer  the  Purpose  for  which  it  was  intended,  but  nothing 
more  could  be  obtained.  You  will  observe  that  the  Gen- 
eral says,  the  greatest  part  of  the  2500  men,  either  returned 
before,  or  absolutely  refused  to  do  duty  after  the  first  of 
May,  1760.  I think  it  most  probable  that  this  is  the  Gen- 
eral Report  of  the  State  of  our  Forces,  as  it  was  received 
from  the  Governor  or  other  chief  Officer  at  Louisbourg  and 
Nova  Scotia;  and  that  it  is  not  collected  from  any  regular 
Returns  made  to  the  General.  It  will  appear  by  the  Cop- 
ies of  the  Rolls  transmitted  you  by  the  Chesterfield,  that 


Jasper  Mauduit 


D761 


great  part  of  the  men  at  Nova  Scotia  and  Louisbourg  are 
supposed  to  be  discharged  and  their  Wages  ceased  before 
the  first  of  May  some  of  them  quitted  the  Service  without 
leave,  others  were  regularly  dismissed.  All  of  them  en- 
listed upon  Assurance  that  they  should  be  discharged  be- 
fore Winter.  The  Government,  to  induce  them  to  be  will- 
ing to  continue  over  the  Winter  offered  a Bounty  of  four 
Pounds,  to  every  man  who  would  continue  untill  the  first 
of  May,  and  it  does  not  appear  that  any  who  received  this 
Bounty  left  the  Service  without  Leave  before  that  time.  I 
do  not  undertake  to  justify  men  in  leaving  the  Service 
without  a regular  Dismission,  although  the  time  for  which 
they  inlisted  be  expired,  but  I think  this  Case  should  be 
considered  with  all  its  Circumstances.  If  regular  Returns 
had  been  mad[ej  We  should  have  been  content,  to  have 
been  considered  according  to  the  Number  of  men  from 
time  to  time  in  actual  service,  but  as  that  is  not  done,  you 
will  improve  the  Rolls  transmitted  you  to  ascertain  the 
numbers,  and  if  the  Certificate  must  be  the  Rule,  it  does 
not  appear  that  there  were  less  than  1200,  of  the  2500  in 
Service  the  whole  of  the  Year  1760,  as  the  greatest  part 
only  are  said  to  have  deserted  before,  or  refused  to  do  Duty 
after  the  first  of  May,  1760.  To  these  must  be  added  the 
500  men  sent  in  June,  and  the  4464,  which  actually  marched 
Westward.  There  was  a greater  number  paid  by  the  Gov- 
ernment, both  for  the  Eastern  and  western  Service,  than 
the  Certificate  mentions.  If  the  other  Governments  are  in 
the  same  Case,  it  will  not  be  material,  as  the  Use  to  be 
made  of  the  Certificate  is  only  to  settle  the  Proportion  be- 
tween them  and  us. 

I write  this  by  Order  of  the  Governor,  with  the  Advice 
of  the  Council.  I am,  Sir,  your  humble  Servant, 

Tho:  Hutchinson. 

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WILLIAM  BOLLAN  TO  ANDREW  OLIVER 

Leicester  Square,  [London,]  February  12,  1762. 

Sir, — Having  for  a Considerable  time  been  indisposed, 
tho  no  farther  prevented  from  doing  necessary  business 
than  by  confinement,  a Member  of  parliament  who  is  my 
intimate  friend,  called  and  informed  me  that  they  had 
granted  to  the  colonies  for  their  last  year’s  expences,  in 
raising  troops,  two-thirds  of  the  sum,  which  had  been  an- 
nually granted  for  several  years  past.  This  grant  of  £133,- 
333.  6s.  8 d.  upon  the  report  of  the  committee  was  made  by 
the  house  on  the  26th  of  January  in  the  usual  Form. 

Having  lately  had  the  honour  of  Receiving  a letter  from 
the  secretary  written  in  the  name,  and  by  order  of  the 
General  Court,  I sent  an  extract  at  large,  of  what  was  con- 
tained in  it,  relating  to  the  loan  made  to  the  Province  by 
General  Shirley,  and  their  payment  of  it,  with  copies  of 
the  treasurer’s  affidavit,  and  other  papers  transmitted,  in- 
closed in  a letter  to  Mr.  Trecothick,1  who  has  from  the 
first  conducted  this  affair  on  behalf  of  Tomlinson  and  Han- 
bury’s;2  and  having  since  received  an  answer  by  letter 
from  him,  I send  inclosed  a Copy  of  it. 

After  diligent  sollicitation  and  repeated  promises  of 
particular  information  given  me,  by  the  proper  person,  I 
am  not  able  to  say  when  the  exchequer  orders  will  be  paid 
off.  Last  week  an  intelligent  gentleman  on  my  behalf, 
made  strict  inquiry  at  the  exchequer.  The  proper  officers 
there  made  this  answer,  “They  do  not  know  when  these 
orders”  will  be  paid,  but  believe  it  will  not  be  longer  than 

1 Barlow  Trecothick,  once  a resident  of  Boston.  He  married,  in  I747>  Grizel,  daugh- 
ter of  Charles  Apthorpe. 

2 John  Thomlinson  and  John  Hanbury,  agents  in  London  of  the  province  of  New 
Hampshire. 

ZhI 


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jasper  Mauduit 

two  Months,  and  it  may  be  within  “less  than  one  month.” 
There  is  a previous  order  comes  from  the  Treasury  to  them 
“for  the  paying  of  them.”  1 Altho’  much  better  in  health 
I shall  not  venture  out  for  some  time,  the  greater  part  of 
my  illness  having  proceeded  from  going  abroad  too  soon; 
and  therefore  I purpose  next  week  to  write  to  Mr.  West 
to  hasten  the  payment,  and  to  know  the  time  of  it,  if 
possible.  A letter  in  this  case  will  probably  be  of  more 
service  than  my  personal  attendance,  as  thro’  the  Multipli- 
city of  affairs,  and  his  consequent  hurry  he  sometimes  for- 
gets part  at  least,  of  what  has  passed  upon  an  application, 
and  I have  known  him  on  some  occasions,  communicate 
my  letter  to  the  lords,  altho’  not  written  in  the  form  re- 
quiring it;  and  a gentleman  who  is  so  well  known  to  him, 
that  he  is  sure  of  speaking  with  him,  has  kindly  promised 
me  that  he  will  attend  him,  for  an  Answer.  Many  of 
the  persons  to  whom  the  bills  of  exchange  drawn  by  the 
Treasurer  are  payable,  pressed  by  the  general  distress  arising 
from  the  great  scarcity  of  money,  encreased  as  it  should 
seem  by  the  particular  state  of  their  affairs,  make  so  many 
enquiries  and  urgent  applications  some  of  them  being  no 
way  to  be  satisfied,  that  they  leave  me  but  little  rest  either 
by  day  or  night. 

In  order  to  prevent  the  proposed  check  of  the  Province 
legislature  by  requiring  a suspending  clause  in  their  acts,  I 
desire  to  recommend  to  the  General  Court  that  such  per- 
sons as  they  shall  think  proper  may  enquire  what  annual 
acts,  and  such  occasioned  ones  as  required  immediate  com- 

1 On  May  5 Bollan  wrote:  “Since  my  last  the  Exchequer  tallies  have  been  paid, 
and  the  money  received  very  nearly  disposed  of,  some  delays  having  arisen  by  part  of 
the  bills  of  Exchange  being  after  presentation  negotiated  by  those  who  presented  them, 
and  again  by  their  assignees,  without  giving  me  any  notice,  whereby  they  came  into  the 
hands  of  unknown  persons,  and  the  proper  course  of  payment,  pursuant  to  the  order  of 
presentation  of  the  bills,  has  been  thereby  embarrassed.”  Mass.  Arch.,  xxii.  241. 

C25  3 


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Jasper  Mauduit 


mencement  have  heretofore  passed;  and  that  it  be  consid- 
ered in  what  instances  the  intended  check  would  affect  the 
welfare  of  the  Province,  with  the  inconveniences  and  dam- 
ages which  will  thereupon  ensue,  as  far  as  they  can  be  fore- 
seen; for,  in  my  opinion,  human  foresight  is  not  equal  to 
the  difficulty  of  foretelling  all  the  future  occasions  wanting 
immediate  relief,  which  the  mutability  of  human  affairs 
may  produce,  or  the  damages  consequent  of  the  province’s 
wanting  power  with  present  execution  when  they  shall  hap- 
pen. However  little  may  be  said  of  this  affair  I desire  that 
the  whole  may  with  Care  and  circumspection  be  examined, 
considered,  clearly  stated,  and  transmitted. 

No  power  1 is  come  to  hand  relating  to  the  Province’s 
part  of  the  Parliamentary  grant  made  last  year,  for  the 
expences  of  the  year  1760,  nor  any  proofs  of  the  number  of 


1 This  power  was  given  by  the  act  of  April  24,  1762.  The  report  of  the  Committee 
which  framed  it,  and  the  amendments  in  the  writing  of  Bowdoin,  are  in  the  Mass.  Ar- 
chives, xxii.  236,  239,  and  the  act  in  its  final  form  is  in  Province  Laws,  iv.  536.  It  reads, 
of  course,  in  favor  of  the  new  agent,  Jasper  Mauduit. 

April  19  a motion  was  made  in  the  House  and  seconded  that  “William  Bollan,  Esq., 
be  dismissed  from  his  Agency  for  this  Province.”  It  was  referred  to  a committee  — 
James  Otis,  Jr.,  Thomas  Cushing  and  Jeremiah  Powell  — for  a “proper  vote  thereon.” 
The  committee  reported  the  same  day  and  the  vote  read:  “That  William  Bollan,  Esq., 
Agent  for  this  Province  at  the  Court  of  Great  Britain,  be  and  he  hereby  is  dismissed  from 
his  Agency  there;  and  that  the  Secretary  be  directed  to  write  him  accordingly.”  That 
vote  was  sent  to  the  Council  by  Colonel  John  Phillips,  Thomas  Foster,  of  Plymouth, 
Brigadier  Timothy  Ruggles,  Colonel  Jerathmeel  Bowers,  Captain  Thomas  Goldthwait, 
James  Otis,  Jr.,  and  Major  Thomas  Morey.  On  the  following  day  the  House  sent  a mem- 
ber, John  Bradbury,  to  enquire  of  the  Board  “whether  they  had  passed  upon  the  vote 
for  dismissing  the  Agent  of  the  Province,”  and  soon  after  a message  was  brought  by 
Brigadier  Isaac  Royall  that  the  Board  had  concurred  in  the  vote.  On  the  same  day  it 
was  laid  before  the  Governor,  and  again  the  House,  now  approaching  an  adjournment, 
showed  impatience,  sending  a committee  of  five  — Royall  Tyler,  Colonel  Richard  Sal- 
tonstall,  Joseph  Sayer,  Captain  Williams  and  Captain  Saunders  — to  wait  upon  his  Ex- 
cellency, “and  desire  to  know  of  him,  whether  his  Excellency  had  given  his  Consent  to 
said  vote.”  On  assurance  that  action  would  be  taken  “timely  for  the  choice  of  another 
Agent  this  Session,”  Friday  the  23d  was  appointed  for  a joint  election,  and  on  that  day 
Jasper  Mauduit  received  a majority  of  the  votes.  Journals  of  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives, April  19-23,  1762. 

C 26  3 


Jasper  Mauduit 


Hi  762 


ter-tenants,* 1  freeholders,  on  the  lands  claimed  by  Lord  Stir- 
ling and  others.  His  lordship  when  he  went  away  said  he 
should  return  about  this  time.  I have  not  heard  of  his  ar- 
rival; but  there  are  others  here  concerned,  of  whom  greater 
apprehensions  may  be  had;  tho’  I cannot  think  there  is  any 
considerable  danger  attending  this  affair,  provided  due  care 
be  taken  of  it.  1 am  with  the  greatest  respect  for  the  Hon’- 
ble  House  of  Representatives,  Sir,  Your  most  obedient  and 
most  humble  servant, 

W.  Bollan. 

Martis,  26  die  Januarii,  1762.2 


Resolved,  That  it  is  the  opinion  of  this  Committee,  that 
a sum  not  exceeding  one  hundred  thirty-three  thousand, 
three  hundred  thirty-three  pounds,  six  shillings  and  eight 
pence,  be  granted  to  his  Majesty  upon  Account,  to  enable 
his  Majesty  to  give  a proper  compensation  to  the  respec- 
tive provinces  in  North  America  for  the  expences  incurred 
by  them  in  the  levying,  cloathing  and  pay  of  the  troops 
raised  by  the  same,  according  as  the  active  vigor  and 
strenuous  efforts  of  the  respective  provinces  shall  be  thought 
by  his  Majesty  to  merit. 

This  resolution  was  agreed  to  by  the  house. 


June  14  Bollan  received  the  notice  of  his  dismission  from  the  province  service,  with 
directions  to  turn  his  papers,  records,  and  accounts  over  to  his  successor,  Jasper  Mauduit, 
and  to  give  him  such  information  on  the  state  of  the  province’s  affairs  in  England  as  was 
necessary.  The  papers  were  delivered  June  22. 

1 For  terre-tenant.  The  occupant  of  land. 

2 Taken  from  Mass.  Archives,  xxii.  227. 


C27  J 


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WILLIAM  BOLLAN  TO  THE  SPEAKER 

Leicester  Square,  [London,]  March  15th,  1762. 

Sir,  — Many  powerfull  reasons  having  a long  time  called 
for  a thorough  examination,  in  order  to  a full  proof  and 
firm  establishment  of  the  original,  inherent,  and  just  title 
of  the  English  subjects,  who  planted  the  English  colonies  in 
America,  to  the  Rights,  liberties  and  benefits  of  the  state, 
whereof  they  were  members,  when  they  prosecuted  this 
noble  enterprize,  and  of  which,  by  their  great  Expence, 
toil  and  peril,  enlarging  the  dominions  for  the  common 
good,  they  continued  perfect  members,  and  from  whom 
of  course  these  rights  descended,  to  their  posterity,  a plan 
has  been  formed  for  accomplishing  this  work  in  the  most 
serviceable  and  effectual  manner;  and  the  first  part  of  it 
being  carried  into  execution,  the  copies  accompanying  this, 
are  transmitted  for  the  consideration  of  the  Hon’ble  House. 
As  the  establishing  of  the  native  equal  and  permanent 
rights  of  the  colonists  against  all  Opponents,  would,  in  the 
author’s  opinion,  be  extremely  beneficial  to  them,  in  many 
respects,  it  would  be  a particular  pleasure  to  him  to  con- 
tribute to  the  accomplishment  of  it,  and  he  is  very  desirous 
to  do  his  best  for  that  purpose;  but  it  is  to  be  observed 
that  the  facts  and  arguments  necessary  on  this  occasion  to 
be  collected,  stated  and  used,  and  which  must  be  examined 
and  made  with  such  care  as  to  stand  the  attack  of  the  most 
acute  objectors,  are  so  very  numerous  and  various,  and 
many  of  them  so  difficult  in  their  nature,  that  the  comple- 
tion of  a work  of  this  kind,  will  unquestionably  require 
great  leizure,  labour  and  application;  wherefore,  consider- 
ing the  state  of  his  health,  and  affairs,  he  doubts  whether 
he  shall  be  able  to  execute  his  own  designs,  tho’  he  is  not 
C 28  3 


Jasper  Mauduit 


D762 


without  hopes  of  doing  it.  If  prevented,  his  plan  since  its 
publication,  having  been  approved  by  very  judicious  per- 
sons, others  may  either  proceed  according  to  that,  for  the 
attainment  of  the  end  desired,  or  be  hereby  excited,  to  de- 
vise and  execute  some  better  method  of  performing  this 
great  service  for  the  Colonies.1 

I am,  with  the  greatest  respect  for  the  Hon’ble  House 
of  Representatives,  Sir,  Your  most  obedient  and  most 
humble  servant, 

W.  Bollan. 

JAMES  OTIS,  JR.,  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  New  England  23d  of  April  A.D.  1762. 

Sir,  — I take  the  liberty  to  inform  you  that  the  general 
assembly  of  this  province  have  by  a very  great  majority 
made  choice  of  you  to  serve  them  as  their  Agent  at  the 
court  of  Great  Britain;  and  I sincerely  congratulate  you 
thereon.  It  has  been  industriously  reported  here  that,  your 
state  of  health  would  not  admit  of  your  accepting  this 

1 This  letter  refers  to  Bollan’s  Colonics  Anglia  Illustrates;  or,  the  Acquest  of  Dominion, 
and  the  Plantation  of  Colonies  made  by  the  English  in  America.  London,  1762.  Writing 
in  18x8,  John  Adams  said:  ‘‘Mr.  Bollan  was  a kind  of  learned  man,  of  indefatigable  re- 
search, and  a faithful  friend  to  America;  though  he  lost  all  his  influence  when  his  father- 
in-law,  Governor  and  General  Shirley,  went  out  of  circulation.  This  Mr.  Bollan  printed 
a book  very  early  on  the  ‘Rights  of  the  Colonies.’  I scarcely  ever  knew  a book  so  deeply 
despised.  The  English  reviewers  would  not  allow  it  to  be  the  production  of  a rational 
creature.  In  America  itself  it  was  held  in  no  esteem.  Otis  himself  expressed  in  the  House 
of  Representatives,  in  a public  speech,  his  contempt  of  it  in  these  words:  ‘Mr.  Bohan’s 
book  is  the  strangest  thing  I ever  read.  Under  the  title  of  “Rights  of  the  Colonies,”  he 
has  employed  one-third  of  his  work  to  prove  that  the  world  is  round;  and  another,  that 
it  turns  round;  and  the  last  that  the  Pope  was  a devil  for  pretending  to  give  it  to  whom 
he  pleased.’ 

“Ah  this  I regretted.  I wished  that  Bohan  had  not  only  been  permitted,  but 
encouraged  to  proceed.  There  is  no  doubt  he  would  have  produced  much  in  illustration  of 
the  ecclesiastical  and  political  superstition  and  despotism  of  the  ages  when  colonization 
commenced  and  proceeded.  But  Bohan  was  discouraged,  and  ceased  from  his  labors.” 
Works,  x.  356. 


[29  3 


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Jasper  Mauduit 


trust;  But  from  the  best  intelligence  we  could  obtain,  there 
is  reason  to  hope,  this  objection  was  started  only  to  favor 
some  other  gentleman.  You  may  rest  assured  that  your 
election  was  carried  by  the  friends  of  liberty  civil  and  reli- 
gious, and  that,  from  the  character  we  have  receiv’d  of 
you,  this  interest  are  determined  at  all  events  to  support 
you.  It  would  be  a vast  disappointment  to  us  to  hear  of 
your  refusal,  especially  as  there  is  a party  that  would  exult 
thereon  as  an  event  very  favorable  to  their  scheme  of  poli- 
ticks. 

I presume  you  are  not  to  learn  that  tho’  there  are  some 
worthy  persons  among  our  American  Episcopalians,  too 
many  of  them  are  very  high  in  their  religious  and  political 
principles.  A few  dissenters  here,  whose  notions  of  govern- 
ment are  as  high  as  theirs,  had,  under  the  influence  of  some 
of  our  former  governours,  form’d  a party  whose  plans  of 
power  were  diametrically  opposite  to  the  rights  of  mankind; 
and  have  too  long  triumph’d  in  the  miseries  and  misfortunes 
of  this  province.  But,  thank  God  if  not  dead,  they  have 
receiv’d  their  death’s  wound!  There  is  reason  to  believe 
our  present  Governour,  Mr.  Bernard,  who  fell  into  some  of 
the  worst  hands  upon  his  first  arrival,  begins  to  be  con- 
vinc’d whose  views  are  most  nearly  connected  with  the 
true  interest  of  the  province.1 

1 “We  are  apprehensive,  Sir,  that  there  is  a scheme  forming  for  sending  a Bishop 
into  these  parts;  and  that  our  G — rn — -r,  Mr.  B — rn — d,  a true  ch — ch-m — n,  is  deep 
in  the  plot.  This  gives  us  a good  deal  of  uneasiness,  as  we  think  it  will  be  of  bad  con- 
sequence; at  the  same  time  that  we  are  much  at  a loss,  how,  or  in  what  manner  to  make 
Opposition  to  it.  If  you  should  happen  to  hear  it  discoursed  of,  I believe  I may  assure 
you,  that  you  could  not  do  the  body  of  the  people  in  N.  England  a more  essential  Serv- 
ice, or  lay  them  under  stronger  Obligations,  than  by  using  your  influence,  in  such  ways 
as  may  appear  proper  to  you,  to  prevent  this  project’s  taking  effect.  And  I should  be 
glad  if  you  would  take  an  opportunity  to  hint  something  as  to  this  affair,  to  Mr.  Mau- 
duit, and  other  leading  Dissenters  in  England;  who  might  be  likely  as  occasion  offered,  to 
appear  in  Opposition  to  such  a proposal.”  Jonathan  Mayhezv  to  Thomas  Hollis,  April  6, 
1762.  MS. 

n 3°  3 


jasper  Mauduit 


C1762 


The  Assembly  has  this  day  passed  an  act  to  enable  you 
to  receive  the  Parliamentary  grant  for  the  year  1760. 
Richard  Jackson,  Esqr.1  is  impower’d  in  case  of  your  sick- 
ness or  death  to  act  in  your  stead,  as  Mr.  Trecothic  was 
named  in  the  Acts  with  Mr.  Bollan.  But  you  are  to  all 
intents  and  purposes  appointed  our  sole  standing  Agent. 
Your  Instructions  also  pass’d  both  houses  yesterday  and 
will  with  all  the  necessary  papers  be  transmitted  you  by 
the  Secretary  whose  letter  from  you  dated  about  a year 
since  was  made  great  use  of  to  prevent  your  choice  but  in 
vain.  As  it  is  probable  you  may  hear  more  of  this  from 
others,  I think  it  but  justice  to  all  concerned  to  let  you 
know  the  truth.  Upon  Mr.  Bollan’s  dismission  the  gov- 
ernor to  whom  it  seems  you  are  a stranger  set  up  Mr. 
Jackson.  The  Lieut,  governor,2  brother-in-law  to  the  Secre- 
tary, was  very  fond  of  going  Agent  himself.  The  Secretary 
was  ground  between  two  mill  stones.  Your  letters  was  art- 
fully] extracted  and  the  contents  made  use  of  as  an  argu- 
ment that  you  was  averse  to  the  Agency.  However,  among 
half  a score  candidates  talk’d  of  and  three  voted  for,  you 
carried  it  by  54  votes  out  of  90,  and  had  the  choice  been  a 
day  sooner  would  have  had  three-quarters  of  the  whole 
Council  and  Representative  body,  who  upon  these  occa- 
sions vote  by  joint  ballot.  The  Governor  has  very  quietly 
acquiesced  in  the  choice  and  his  Lieut,  will  be  forced  to  do 
the  same.  The  Secretary  is  a worthy  man  but  wants  reso- 
lution to  think  and  act  for  himself  — of  both  which  he  is 
as  capable  as  some  who  have  dictated  to  him. 

I have  taken  this  early  oppertunity  to  acquaint  you 
that  I have  the  merit  of  a small  share  in  your  election. 

1 Agent  in  London  for  Connecticut. 

2 Thomas  Hutchinson.  He  married  Margaret  and  Andrew  Oliver  married  Mary, 
daughters  of  William  Sanford. 


C 31  3 


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fasper  Mauduit 


Royall  Tyler,  Jno.  Phillips  and  Thomas  Cushing,  Esqrs., 
with  whom  I have  the  honour  to  represent  the  city  of  Bos- 
ton, are  your  stanch  friends  and  will  perhaps  address  you 
by  the  same  conveyance.  The  speaker  of  the  house  who  I 
have  the  happiness  to  call  my  father,  being  suddenly  called 
out  of  town  upon  the  Court’s  rising,  directed  me  to  make 
his  compliments  of  congratulation.  I should  think  myself 
highly  honour’d  in  a correspondence  with  you;  heartily 
wish  you  all  imaginable  success  and  prosperity  in  all  your 
affairs,  and  beg  leave  to  subscribe  myself  your  most  obe- 
dient humble  Servant, 

James  Otis,  Jun’r. 


THOMAS  HUTCHINSON  TO  WILLIAM  BOLLAN1 

Boston,  24th  April,  1762. 

Dear  Sir, — My  suspicions  were  well  founded.  Monday 
last  the  House  sent  up  a vote  to  dismiss  you  from  the 
Agency.  I made  what  opposition  to  it  I could  but  the  ter- 
ror of  election  which  is  just  at  hand  prevailed  over  all  other 
considerations,  and  n votes  carried  it  against  10  for  a con- 
currence with  the  house.  Two  lawyers  of  the  same  name  2 

carry  all  before  them  in  the  house  and  B le  3 at  the 

Board  heads  the  party  there.  This  afternoon  they  have 
chose  one  Mr.  Mauduit  to  whom  I am  an  entire  stranger. 
I never  knew  an  instance  of  such  mad  proceedings.  The 
Court  must  rise  in  2 or  3 days  at  farthest.  They  would 
have  had  me  been  of  a Committee  for  Instructions,  but  I de- 
clined it,  and  told  them  it  would  take  more  time  than  they 
had  to  spare  upon  any  one  of  several  affairs  depending,  and 

1 Mass.  Arch.,  xxvi.  12. 

2 James  Otis,  father  and  son. 

3 William  Brattle. 

C32  3 


Jasper  Mauduit 


[1762 


which  you  are  thoroughly  possessed  of.  Indeed,  I desire 
to  have  no  more  to  do  with  them,  and  they  assure  me  I 
shall  not  after  this  session.  . . . 

I must  in  justice  to  the  Secretary  tell  you,  that  not- 
withstanding Mr.  Mauduit  is  his  friend  he  was  one  that 
remained  firm  to  your  interest.  I am,  etc. 

Th.  Hutchinson. 

SECRETARY  OLIVER  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT  1 

Boston,  April  24,  1762 

Sir,  — The  Character  the  General  Court  has  received  of 
your  integrity  and  capacity  has  induced  them  to  make 
choice  of  you  as  public  agent  for  the  Province  in  Great 
Britain,  as  you’ll  observe  by  a transcript  from  the  records 
of  the  Court  of  yesterday’s  date:  and  it  is  by  their  direction 
I now  inform  you  of  it.  Your  Commission,  signed  by  his 
Excellency  Governor  Bernard,  is  sent  you  herewith.  It  is 
probable  the  General  Court  at  their  next  May  session  will 
instruct  you  fully  upon  the  public  affairs  of  the  Province 
that  will  be  proper  for  your  cognizance:  But  as  it  is  neces- 
sary you  should  have  the  earliest  notice  of  the  circum- 
stances of  their  principal  money-concerns,  you  are  hereby 
informed  that,  according  to  a letter  received  from  Mr.  Bol- 
lan,  dated  April  29,  1761,  the  Province’s  proportion  of  the 
Grant  made  by  Parliament  to  the  colonies  for  their  serv- 
ices in  1759  is  £60,634.  - -sterling:  on  the  credit  of  which 
the  General  Court  order’d  the  Province  Treasurer  to  draw 
upon  Mr.  Bollan  for  £60,000  stg.  Accordingly  Bills  were 
drawn  by  the  Treasurer  in  favor  of  the  Purchasers  agree- 
able to  the  form  here  with  sent.  After  the  Bills  were  drawn 

1 Prepared  by  a committee  of  the  General  Court.  The  draft  is  in  Mass.  Arch., 
lvi.  380,  and  is  in  the  writing  of  James  Bowdoin. 


C 33  3 


1762] 


jasper  Mauduit 


Letters  were  received  from  Mr.  Rollan  acquainting  the 
Court  that  the  said  Grant  will  be  paid  one-half  in  money, 
and  the  other  half  in  Exchequer  tallies,  payable  with  In- 
terest in  March,  1762. 

It  is  probable  these  Bills  are  paid  by  this  time,  or  so 
many  of  them  as  the  Province’s  Share  of  said  Grant  would 
enable  him  to  pay:  and  in  case  of  deficiency  of  said  Share, 
he  was  directed  to  pay  the  overplus  Bills  out  of  the 
Province’s  proportion  of  the  Parliamentary  Grant  for  the 
Services  of  the  year  1760.  This  last  mentioned  Grant,  it 
is  apprehended,  Mr.  Bollan  has  not  yet  received  the  Prov- 
ince’s part  of:  and  in  that  case  there  may  remain  some 
of  said  Bills  unpaid. 

As  the  General  Court  have  empowered  you  to  receive 
the  Province  Share  of  the  last  mentioned  Grant,  as  you’ll 
find  by  an  authenticated  act  of  the  Court  herewith  sent,  it 
is  the  desire  of  the  Court,  and  you  are  hereby  directed  (on 
receiving  the  Province’s  Share  of  said  Grant,  or  a suffi- 
ciency thereof  for  the  purpose)  to  pay  the  said  Bills  that 
may  remain  unpaid;  together  with  the  Interest  that  may 
be  due  upon  them  agreeable  to  their  tenor.  [And  in  case 
you  should  not  receive  the  Province  Share  of  said  Grant 
by  the  time  said  Bills  are  returnable,  you  are  desired  to 
take  up  Money  upon  Interest  upon  the  credit  of  said  Grant 
and  pay  off  said  Bills  and  by  no  means  suffer  them  to  be 
returned.]] 1 

With  respect  to  the  Province’s  Proportion  of  the  last 
mentioned  Grant,  if  it  be  not  already  settled,  Mr.  Bollan 
can  furnish  you  with  the  Accounts  that  have  been  trans- 
mitted him  of  the  Expense  the  Province  incurred  for  his 
Majesty’s  service  in  1760:  and  by  those  Accounts  the  pro- 
portion will  be  settled.  In  the  settlement  of  it,  considera- 

1 The  sentence  in  brackets  was  inserted  in  the  letter  as  an  amendment. 

[343 


Jasper  Mauduit 


C1762 


tion  ought  to  be  had  to  this  Circumstance:  namely,  that 
a Number  of  the  Province  Troops  was  detained  in  Garri- 
son at  Louisburg  and  Nova  Scotia  during  the  winter  of 
1759  and  spring  of  1760,  occasioned  by  the  reduction  of 
Quebec;  which  prevented  our  Troops  being  relieved  by  the 
Regulars.  As  the  other  Colonies  did  nothing  to  balance 
this  Service  [we  apprehend  a distinct  and  separate  allow- 
ance ought  to  be  made;  but  if  you  cannot  obtain  that  you 
will  use  your  utmost  endeavors  thatj  1 the  whole  Expense 
of  it  be  deducted  out  of  the  Grant  before  any  Apportion- 
ment be  made  of  it  among  the  Colonies.  The  particulars 
relative  to  this  matter  Mr.  Bollan  can  inform  you. 

The  act  above  mentioned  empowers  you  to  demand  and 
receive  of  Mr.  Bollan  whatever  monies  may  be  in  his  hands 
belonging  to  the  Province,  and  to  give  him  a discharge  for 
what  you  shall  receive  of  him.  You  will  therefore  make 
application  to  him  pursuant  to  such  power;  and  receive  for 
the  Province  use  what  he  may  pay  you.  You  will  also 
receive  of  him  all  the  Papers  that  respect  the  dispute 
between  this  Government  and  New  York  in  regard  to  the 
Boundary  lines  between  us.  Also  with  Connecticut  in  re- 
gard to  the  Towns  that  have  revolted  to  them,  and  with 
New  Hampshire  in  regard  to  a reimbursement  for  our 
maintaining  Fort  Dummer  and  No.  Four,2  etc.,  within 
that  Province  and  defending  their  Frontiers,  as  also  all 
Papers  relative  to  the  claim  of  the  Earl  of  Sterling  to  the 
eastern  parts  of  this  Province,  and  all  other  Papers  that 
relate  to  the  affairs  of  the  Province.  And  obtain  of  him  a 
state  of  those  matters  as  they  stand  at  present;  and  any 
information  he  can  give  you  with  respect  to  those  or  any 

1 Words  in  brackets  were  inserted  by  Andrew  Oliver — probably  an  amendment 
by  the  Council. 

2 Charlestown,  N.  H. 


C 35  3 


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Jasper  Mauduit 


other  affairs  of  the  Province.  [We  would  recommend  to 
you  that  in  all  matters  of  Law  you  may  be  concerned  in 
relative  to  the  Province,  you  consult  and  advise  with 
Richard  Jackson,  junr.  Esq. 

By  order  of  the  Great  and  General  Court  I have  wrote 
the  foregoing  as  Secretary  of  the  Province,  and  am,  etc.J  1 

ANDREW  OLIVER  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

{Private.)  Boston  24  April  1762. 

Sir, — You  will  observe  by  the  public  papers  I have  sent 
you  herewith  as  Secretary  of  the  Province  that  the  Great 
and  General  Court  have  appointed  you  their  Agent  in- 
stead of  Mr.  Bollan.  I had  heard  nothing  of  their  inten- 
tion to  remove  Mr.  Bollan  ’till  the  day  it  hapned,  and  the 
next  day  you  was  chosen.  What  you  wrote  me  3d  June, 
1760,  concerning  your  ill  state  of  health  and  growing  in- 
firmities which  then  forbid  your  undertaking  the  Agency, 
made  me  at  a loss  how  to  act:  and  as  your  name  was  again 
mentioned,  I thought  myself  obliged  to  communicate  what 
you  had  wrote  me  to  two  or  three  Gentlemen  of  the  Court, 
whom  I knew  to  be  in  your  interest  that  they  might  con- 
sider and  judge  for  themselves  in  the  matter;  these  Gen- 
tlemen were  not  discouraged,  but  gave  you  their  Votes 
and  Interest  when  the  Election  came  on. 

The  Court  have  however  made  provision  that  Richard 
Jackson,  junr.,  of  the  Inner  Temple,  Esqr.,  shall  act  in  their 
money  matters  in  case  you  are  prevented,  and  have  also 
instructed  you  to  consult  him  in  all  matters  of  Law  relative 
to  the  Province.  As  Mr.  Jackson  is  a Gentleman  with 
whom  the  Governor  is  particularly  acquainted,  it  would  be 
a great  satisfaction  to  his  Excellency  to  see  you  connect 


1 In  the  writing  of  Andrew  Oliver. 

[363 


D 762 


Jasper  Mauduit 

yourself  with  him:  You  will  find  his  Assistance  in  matters 
of  Law  a great  ease  to  you ; and  as  a good  harmony  on  all 
sides  is  most  desireable  in  itself,  so  I am  sure  it  is  most 
agreeable  to  your  own  inclination. 

I may  write  you  more  at  large  by  the  next  conveyance. 
In  the  meantime  I am,  Sir,  Your  most  obedient  and  most 
humble  Servant, 

And’w  Oliver. 

P.  S.  The  Court  made  the  like  Provision  in  1760  for 
Mr.  Trecothick’s  acting  in  case  of  Mr.  Bollan’s  incapacity, 
as  they  have  now  done  for  Mr.  Jackson’s  acting  in  case  of 
yours. 

JONATHAN  MAYHEW  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston  N.  England  April  26,  1762 

Honoured  Sir, — This  is,  in  few  words,  to  congratulate 
you  on  your  being  a day  or  two  since  chosen  Agent  for  this 
Province  at  the  Court  of  London,  in  the  Room  of  William 
Bollan,  Esq. ; who,  for  a number  of  years,  has  sustained 
that  Character.  He  is  generally  reckoned  a Gentleman  of 
good  Abilities;  but  has  not  given  such  general  satisfaction 
to  the  People  here,  as  we  flatter  ourselves  you  will  do, 
should  you  see  cause  to  accept  the  honourable  Employ- 
ment offered  to  you : And,  in  my  private  Capacity,  from 
the  knowledge  I have  of  your  Character,  I cannot  but  ex- 
press my  hearty  desires  and  hopes,  that  you  will  not  refuse 
it.  The  most  steady  friends  of  Liberty  amongst  us,  and  all 
the  Friends  to  the  dissenting  Interest  (who  are,  I suppose, 
fifty  to  one  throughout  this  Province)  would  be  extremely 
sorry  if  you  should  decline  this  Service;  thinking  you 
will  be  much  more  likely  to  serve  the  Province  in  its  most 
essential  Interests,  than  a Gentleman  of  the  Chh.  of  Eng_ 

C 37  3 


17623 


jasper  Mauduit 


land  tho’  this  is  by  no  means  the  only  objection  that  has 
been  made  against  Mr.  Bollan.  The  Chh.  Party  here,  and 
perhaps  some  Persons  of  distinguished  Eminence,  may  pos- 
sibly, for  their  own  private  Ends,  throw  discouragements 
and  stumbling-blocks  in  your  way,  in  order  to  prevent 
your  undertaking  this  Service.  But  I hope,  Sir,  you  will 
not  be  deterred  thereby,  when  you  have  the  Body  of  the 
People  so  strong  in  your  Favor,  as  I know  them  to  be.  In 
what  I have  here  said,  I do  not  speak  my  own  private  sen- 
timents only,  but  those  of  some  very  worthy  Gentlemen 
here,  with  whom  I have  lately  conversed  on  the  subject; 
and  who,  having  heard  that  I had  formerly  the  Honor  of 
receiving  a letter  or  two  from  you,  have  requested  me  to 
write  to  you  on  this  occasion:  Which,  indeed,  I should 

have  done,  without  any  sollicitation  to  that  End.  This, 
Sir,  is  written  in  great  haste,  because  I would  not  miss  the 
Opportunity  which  now  offers,  of  a Conveyance.  I intend 
to  take  the  Liberty,  (knowing  that  your  goodness  will  in- 
dulge me  therein)  to  write  you  more  distinctly  as  to  some 
particular  matters,  before  long.  In  the  mean  Time,  I pray 
God  to  give  you  Health,  and  to  direct  you  in  the  Affair  I 
have  been  speaking  of.  Should  you  see  cause  to  accept 
this  Service,  it  may  probably  be  no  prejudice  to  your  own 
Interest  in  the  End:  But  however  that  may  be,  I think  I 
shall  have  reason  to  congratulate  my  Country,  on  having 
the  management  of  some  of  her  most  important  Concerns 
entrusted  to  so  able  and  upright  a person.  I am,  Hon’d 
Sir,  with  sincere  and  very  great  Respect,  Your  most 
Obedient  Humble  Servant, 

J.  Mayhew. 


n 38  3 


jasper  Mauduit 


D762 


INSTRUCTIONS  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT1 

Sir,  — Our  late  Agent  William  Bollan,  Esqr.,  having  by 
his  letters  of  the  8th  of  May  1761,  of  the  12th  of  February, 
and  the  15th  of  March  last,  Copies  of  which  will  be  trans- 
mitted you  with  this,  informed  the  General  Court  that  the 
Province’s  power  of  Legislation  is  like  to  be  nearly  affected 
if  not  called  in  Question,  by  the  Requisition  of  a suspend- 
ing Clause  in  our  Acts,  and  that  in  certain  Cases,  at  least, 
they  shall  not  take  Effect  untill  they  shall  have  received 
the  Royal  Sanction. 

We  are  also  informed  by  the  same  Gentleman,  that 
“many  powerful  Reasons  have  for  a long”  Time  called 
“for  a thorough  Examination  in  order  for  a full  proof  and 
firm  Establishment  of  the  Original,  inherent  and  just  Title 
of  the  Colonies  in  America  to  the  Rights,  Liberties  and 
Benefits  of  the  State,  whereof  they  were  Members,  when 
they  prosecuted  this  noble  Enterprize,  and  of  which  by 
their  great  Expence,  Toil  and  Peril  in  inlarging  the  Domin- 
ions for  the  Common  good,  they  continued  perfect  Mem- 
bers, and  from  whom  of  Course  these  Rights  descended  to 
their  Posterity.” 

The  natural  Rights  of  the  Colonists,  we  humbly  con- 
ceive to  be  the  same  with  those  of  all  other  British  Sub- 
jects, and  indeed  of  all  Mankind.  The  principal  of  these 
Rights  is  to  be  “free  from  any  superior  power  on  Earth, 
and  not  to  be  under  the  Will  or  Legislative  Authority  of 
Man,  but  to  have  only  the  Law  of  Nature  for  his  Rule.” 

1 June  12,  1762,  the  Council  named  Thomas  Hutchinson  and  James  Bowdoin,  and 
the  House,  Thomas  Cushing,  Colonel  John  Phillips  and  Royall  Tyler,  to  prepare  during 
the  recess  of  the  Court  a letter  of  instructions  to  Mauduit.  To  these  instructions  were 
added  the  like  instructions  sent  to  Bollan.  Mass.  Arch.,  xxn.  247.  The  draft  of  these 
instructions  is  in  Mass.  Arch.,  lvi.  386,  and  is  in  three  different  writings. 


C39D 


1 762: 

jasper  Mauduit 

Our  political  or  Civil  Rights  will  be  best  understood  by 
beginning  at  the  Foundation,  “The  Liberty  of  all  Men  in 
society  is  to  be  under  no  other  legislative  power  but  that 
established  by  Consent  in  the  Commonwealth,  nor  under 
the  Dominion  of  any  Will  or  Restraint  of  any  Law,  but 
what  such  legislative  shall  enact,  according  to  the  trust  put 
in  it.  In  General  freedom  of  Men  under  Government,  is 
to  have  standing  fundamental  Rules  to  live  by,  common  to 
every  one  of  that  Society,  and  made  by  the  legislative 
power  erected  in  it;  a Liberty  to  follow  my  own  will  in  all 
things  where  that  Rule  prescribes  not,  and  not  to  be  sub- 
ject to  the  inconstant,  uncertain,  unknown  arbitrary  will 
of  another  Man;  as  freedom  of  Nature  is  to  be  under  no 
Restraint  but  the  law  of  Nature.”  This  Liberty  is  not 
only  the  Right  of  Britons,  and  British  Subjects,  but  the 
Right  of  all  Men  in  Society,  and  is  so  inherent,  that  they 
Can’t  give  it  up  without  becoming  Slaves,  by  which  they 
forfeit  even  life  itself.  Civil  Society  great  or  small,  is  but 
the  Union  of  many,  for  the  Mutual  Preservation  of  Life, 
Liberty  and  Estate.  These  notions  of  Liberty  had  the 
Ancient  Greeks  and  Romans,  and  the  same  Ideas  had  our 
Ancestors  in  Britain,  long  before  the  discovery  of  America. 
Most  of  the  Transactions  from  the  Grant  of  Magna  Charta 
to  the  Revolution  may  be  considered  as  one  continued 
Struggle  between  Prince  and  People,  all  tending  to  that 
happy  Establishment,  which  Great  Britain  has  since  en- 
joyed and  is  every  day  increasing  to  perfection. 

The  Allegiance  of  British  Subjects  being  perpetual  and 
inseparable  from  their  persons,  so  while  they  are  in  the 
Breach  of  none  of  the  Laws  of  their  Country,  is  their  Lib- 
erty. No  Reason  can  be  given  why  a man  should  be 
abridg’d  in  his  Liberty,  by  removing  from  Europe  to  Amer- 
ica, any  more  than  by  his  removing  from  London  to  Dover, 
C 4°  U 


jasper  Mauduit 


D762 


or  from  one  side  of  a street  to  the  other.  So  long  as  he  re- 
mains a British  Subject,  so  long  must  he  be  intitled  to 
all  the  privileges  of  such  an  one:  The  most  essential  and 

fundamental  of  these  Priviledges,  are  by  no  means  local, 
that  is,  confined  to  the  Realm;  but  by  the  Common  law, 
by  the  Constitution  and  by  particular  Acts  of  Parliament 
extended  throughout  the  Dominions.  The  particulars  of 
these  priviledges  are  to  be  found  in  Magna  Charta,  the  Bill 
of  Rights,  and  in  almost  every  puhlick  Transaction,  since 
the  Revolution.  By  the  Laws  of  Nature  and  of  Nations, 
which  in  this  Instance  at  least,  are  the  voice  of  universal 
Reason,  and  of  God,  when  a Nation  takes  possession  of 
desert,  uncultivated  and  uninhabited  Countries,  or  which 
to  our  present  purpose  is  the  same  thing,  of  a Country 
inhabited  by  Salvages,  who  are  without  Laws  and  Gov- 
ernment, and  settles  a Colony  there;  such  Country  tho’ 
separated  from  the  principal  Establishment  or  Mother 
Country,  naturally  becomes  part  of  the  State,  equally  with 
its  antient  possessions.  This  is  not  only  Confirmed  by  the 
Practice  of  the  Antients,  but  by  the  Moderns,  ever  since 
the  Discovery  of  America.  Frenchmen,  Portugals,  and 
Spaniards  are  no  greater  Slaves  abroad  than  at  home,  and 
by  Analogy  Britains  should  be  as  free  on  one  side  of  the 
Atlantic  as  on  the  other. 

That  this  is  the  sense  of  the  British  Parliament  is  among 
many  instances  that  might  be  cited  very  evident  from  the 
13th  G:  2nd  C:  7.  By  this  Act  even  Foreigners  having 
lived  seven  Years  in  any  of  the  British  Colonies  are  deemed 
Natives,  on  taking  the  Oaths  of  Allegiance,  etc.,  and  are 
declared  by  said  Act,  to  be  his  Majesty’s  natural  born  Sub- 
jects, of  the  Kingdom  of  Great  Britain,  to  all  intents,  Con- 
structions and  purposes,  as  if  any,  or  every  of  them,  had 
been  or  were  born  within  the  Kingdom.  The  Reasons 


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fasper  Mauduit 

given  for  this  Naturalization,  in  the  Preamble  of  the  Act 
are,  that  “the  Increase  of  the  People  is  the  Means  of  ad- 
vancing the  wealth  and  Strength  of  any  Nation  or  Country, 
and  that  many  Foreigners  and  Strangers  from  the  Lenity  of 
our  Government,  the  Purity  of  our  Religion,  the  Benefit  of 
our  Laws,  the  advantages  of  our  Trade,  and  the  security 
of  our  property,  might  be  induced  to  come  and  settle  in  some 
of  his  Majesty’s  Colonies  in  America,  if  they  were  made 
partakers  of  the  advantages  and  privileges  which  the  natural 
born  Subjects  of  this  Realm  do  there  enjoy.’’ 

It  seems  a little  strange  that  after  this  explicit  declara- 
tion of  the  Parliament,  made  no  longer  since,  than  the  13th 
Year  of  the  last  Reign,  that  any  of  the  Colonies  should  be 
called  upon  by  their  agent,  and  earnestly  pressed  for  a full 
proof  and  firm  Establishment  of  their  original  and  inherent 
Rights. 

It  is  now  near  three  Hundred  Years  since  America  was 
first  discovered,  and  that  by,  British  Subjects,  and  near 
ten  Generations  have  passed  away,  thro’  various  Toils  and 
many  bloody  Conflicts,  in  settling  this  Country.  None  of 
these  ever  dreamt,  but  what  they  were  intitled  to  equal 
Priviledges,  with  those  of  the  same  Rank,  born  within  the 
Realm.  We  have  heard  it  from  our  Fathers,  and  their 
Fathers  told  it  unto  them,  that  British  America  was  ever 
to  be  distinguished  from  the  slavish  Colonies  round  about 
it,  as  the  fortunate  Britains  are  from  their  Neighbours, 
upon  the  Continent  of  Europe.  We  humbly  conceive  that 
it  is  for  the  Interest  of  Great  Britain  that  her  Colonies 
should  be  thus  distinguished.  It  is  agreed  by  some  very 
judicious  English  Writers,  that  the  Expeditions  made  by 
our  antient  Princes,  however  they  might  enlarge  their 
power,  and  exalt  their  glory,  were  far  enough  from  being 
serviceable  to  the  Liberty  or  property  of  the  Subjects.  The 


fasper  Mauduit 


LI  762 


figure  Great  Britain  now  makes,  arises  from  Maxims  em- 
braced in  the  Reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  which  have 
been  in  a measure  adhered  to  ever  since,  and  are  daily  im- 
proving by  Practice.  This  wise  Queen  is  thought  to  have 
laid  the  Real  Foundation  of  that  Wealth,  power  and  true 
Glory  which  we  rejoice  to  see  our  illustrious  Sovereign  in 
the  full  possession  of.  She  among  other  great  things, 
promoted  the  Navigation  and  Commerce  of  her  subjects, 
open’d  a free  passage  for  them  to  both  the  Indies,  and 
excited  that  spirit  which  induced  her  Subjects  to  make 
Settlements  in  the  most  distant  parts  of  the  Globe. 

Some  things  indeed  of  a very  disagreeable  kind,  (even 
in  her  Reign,  and  much  more  so,  in  every  Reign  afterwards 
till  the  Revolution)  conspired  to  hasten  these  Settlements. 
These  furnish  a very  striking  proof,  that  the  great  Author 
of  Nature,  and  the  kind  Father  of  us  all,  has  made  the 
sorest  temporal  Evils,  Civil  war  and  discord  subservient  to 
his  allwise  purposes,  and  productive  of  great  temporal 
good.  To  the  freedom  of  the  British  Constitution,  and  to 
their  Increase  of  Commerce,  it  is  owing,  that  these  Colonies 
have  flourished,  without  diminishing  the  inhabitants  of  the 
mother  Country,  contrary  to  the  Effects  of  plantations 
made  by  most  other  Countries,  which  have  suffered  at 
home,  in  order  to  aggrandize  themselves  abroad. 

Great  Britain  is  well  known  to  have  increased  prodi- 
giously both  in  Numbers  and  in  wealth,  since  she  began  to 
Colonize.  There  are  very  good  judges,  who  scruple  not  to 
affirm,  that  it  is  to  the  Growth  of  the  plantations  Great 
Britain  is  indebted  for  her  present  Strength,  and  populous- 
ness. As  the  wild  wastes  in  America  have  been  turned  into 
pleasant  Habitations,  and  flourishing  trading  Towns,  so 
many  of  the  little  Villages,  and  obscure  Burroughs  in  Eng- 
land, have  put  on  a New  Face,  suddenly  started  up  and 

C 43  □ 


1762] 


[asper  Mauduit 


become  fair  Market  Towns,  and  great  Cities.  London  it- 
self, which  bid  fair  to  become  the  Metropolis  of  the  World, 
is  five  Times  more  populous  than  in  the  days  of  Elizabeth. 
This  and  numberless  other  Mutual  Advantages  are  intirely 
derived  from  the  spirit  of  Trade  and  Commerce,  the  plant- 
ing of  Colonies  and  some  consequential  Amendments  in  our 
Constitution,  or  rather  to  the  Reduction  of  it,  to  its  first 
principles.  Hence  it  is  demonstrable  how  much  we  all  owe 
to  that  beautifull  Form  of  Civil  Government  under  which 
we  live.  It  is  also  evidently  the  Interest,  and  ought  to  be 
the  care  of  all  those  intrusted  with  the  Administration  of 
the  Government,  to  see  that  every  part  of  the  British  Em- 
pire enjoys  to  the  full  the  advantages  derived  from  the 
Laws,  and  that  Freedom  which  is  the  Result  of  their  being 
maintained  with  Impartiality  and  Vigour.  This  we  have 
seen  reduced  to  Practice  in  this  and  the  preceding  Reigns, 
and  think  we  have  the  highest  Reason  (from  the  paternal 
care  and  goodness  that  his  Majesty  has  hitherto  discovered 
to  all  his  dutiful  and  loyal  subjects  and  to  us  in  particular) 
to  rest  assured  that  our  priviledges  will  remain  sacred  and 
inviolate:  We  shall  ever  pray  that  our  most  gracious  Sov- 
ereign’s life  may  be  prolonged,  and  that  he  and  his  pos- 
terity may  Reign  in  Britain,  and  in  British  America  till  Time 
shall  be  no  more. 

It  must  be  manifest  to  every  judicious  and  disinterested 
person,  that  the  Connection  between  Britain  and  her 
Colonies  is  so  strong  and  natural,  as  to  make  their  mutual 
happiness,  depend  upon  a mutual  Support.  Nothing  tends 
more  to  the  destruction  of  both,  than  sowing  seeds  of  Dis- 
sention  between  them.  From  the  Importance  of  these  prin- 
ciples, it  is  presumed,  that  Great  Britain  has  been  induced 
to  go  through  so  many  glorious  Enterprizes  during  this  and 
the  last  Reign,  for  the  defence  of  her  Colonies,  and  that 
C44l 


Jasper  Mauduit 


[1762 


the  Colonies  have  so  very  loyally  and  strenuously  exerted 
themselves.  We  think  it  but  a piece  of  Common  Justice 
due  to  the  good  people  of  this  Province,  to  declare  that  they 
are  not  behind  any  of  the  Colonies  in  their  Duty  to  their 
King  and  Country. 

We  have  the  satisfaction  to  inform  you,  that  altho’  the 
War  is  protracted  beyond  what  was  expected,  this  Province 
has  readily  complied  with  every  Requisition  made  for  his 
Majesty’s  service  this  year. 

We  have  raised  three  Thousand  three  hundred  provin- 
cials, and  granted  a Bounty  of  seven  pounds  Currency  for 
Eight  hundred  and  ninety  Men  more  to  enlist  into  the 
Regular  Regiments.1  We  shall  upon  all  Occasions  rejoice 
in  demonstrating,  even  with  the  Sacrifice  of  life  and  For- 
tune, our  Attachments  to  his  Majesty’s  person,  Family  and 
Government.  The  New  England  Governments  for  many 
Years  (without  any  immediate  Support  from  England,  or 
their  neighbouring  Colonies,  some  of  which  last  indeed 
were  unable)  defended  themselves,  and  protected  their 
Brethren,  from  the  Insults  of  the  French,  and  the  Ravages 
of  the  Barbarians.  The  particulars  of  these  services,  and 
the  Expence  and  loss  of  Men,  may  be  hereafter  collected 
in  one  view,  and  transmitted  you.  But  at  present  we  must 
attend  to  the  Subject  of  Legislation. 

The  power  of  Legislation  is  in  this  Province  immedi- 
ately derived  from  the  Charter  of  King  William  and  Queen 
Mary;  which  with  a New  impression  of  our  laws  will  be 
transmitted  you,  by  the  first  opportunity.  This  Legisla- 
tive power  has  been  ever  Subject  to  the  King’s  Disappro- 
bation, as  expressed  in  said  Charter.  And  all  antient  Acts 
of  Parliament  are  received  here,  and  duly  obeyed,  that  can 

1 Province  Laws,  xvii.  177. 


C 45  □ 


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jasper  Mauduit 


be  considered  as  part  of,  or  amending  the  Common  Law; 
and  all  such  Acts  of  Parliament  as  expressly  mention  the 
plantations. 

By  this  Charter,  it  is  granted,  ordained,  and  established, 
that  all  and  every  of  the  Subjects,  that  shall  come  to  in- 
habit within  this  Province  or  Territory,  and  every  of  their 
Children,  which  shall  happen  to  be  born  here,  or  on  the 
Seas  in  coming  here,  or  returning  from  hence,  shall  have 
and  enjoy  all  the  Liberties  and  Immunities,  of  free  and 
natural  Subjects,  within  any  of  the  dominions,  to  all  in- 
tents, and  Constructions  and  purposes,  whatsoever,  as  if 
they  had,  and  every  of  them  were  born  within  the  Realm 
of  England.  This  is  declaratory  of  the  Common  Law,  the 
Law  of  nature  and  nations,  which  all  agree  in  this  particu- 
lar. There  are  regularly  three  Incidents  to  a subject  born: 

1.  Parents  under  the  actual  Obedience  of  the  King. 

2.  That  the  place  of  his  Birth,  be  within  the  King’s  domin- 
ions. 3.  The  time  of  his  Birth,  is  to  be  chiefly  considered, 
for  he  cannot  be  a Subject  born  of  one  Kingdom,  that  was 
born  under  the  allegiance  of  the  King  of  another  Kingdom, 
albeit  afterwards,  the  one  Kingdom  descends,  to  the  King 
of  the  other  Kingdom,  see  7.  Coke,  Calvin’s  Case,  and  the 
several  Acts  of  Parliament  relating  to  Naturalization,  from 
Ed:  3d  to  this  time.  By  which  it  will  evidently  appear 
that  the  British  American  Colonies  are  part  of  the  Com- 
mon wealth  and  well  entitled  to  the  rights,  liberties  and 
benefits  thereof. 

It  may  not  be  amiss  to  observe  that  we  were  possessed 
of  one  very  important  branch  of  Liberty,  before  the  people 
of  England  were,  for  by  the  Charter  of  King  James  1 to 
the  adventurers,  a free  profession  of  Religion  is  declared  to 
be  one  of  the  principal  ends  of  the  plantation.  This  was 
long  enough  before  the  Acts  of  Toleration  at  home. 

U63 


jasper  Mauduit 


C1762 


The  said  Charles  proceeds,1  And  we  do  for  us,  our  heirs 
and  Successors,  Give  and  grant,  that  the  said  General  Court 
or  assembly,  shall  have  full  power  and  authority,  to  name 
and  settle  Annually,  all  Civil  officers  within  the  said  Prov- 
ince, such  officers  excepted,  the  Election  and  Constitution 
of  whom,  we  have  by  these  Presents  reserved  to  us,  our 
heirs  and  Successors,  or  to  the  Governour  of  our  said  Prov- 
ince for  the  Time  being;  and  to  set  forth  the  several  duties, 
powers,  and  Limits,  of  every  such  officer,  to  be  appointed 
by  the  said  General  Court  or  assembly;  and  the  Forms  of 
such  Oaths,  not  repugnant  to  the  Laws,  and  Statutes  of  this 
our  Realm  of  England,  as  shall  be  respectively  administred 
to  them,  for  the  Execution  of  their  several  offices  and 
places;  and  also  to  impose  Fines,  Mulcts,  Imprisonments, 
and  other  punishments;  and  to  impose  and  levy  proportion- 
able  and  reasonable  assessments,  Rates  and  Taxes,  upon 
the  Estates  and  persons,  of  all  and  every  the  proprietors  or 
Inhabitants  of  our  said  Province  or  Territory,  to  be  issued 
and  disposed  of,  by  Warrant  under  the  hand  of  the  Gov- 
ernor of  our  said  Province,  for  the  time  being,  with  the 
advice  and  Consent  of  the  Council  for  our  service,  in  the 
Necessary  Defence  and  Support  of  our  Government  of  our 
said  province  or  Territory,  and  the  Protection  and  preser- 
vation of  the  Inhabitants  there,  according  to  such  Acts,  as 
are  or  shall  be  in  Force  within  our  said  Province  and  to  dis- 
pose of  Matters  and  Things  whereby  our  Subjects,  Inhabit- 
ants of  our  said  Province  may  be  Religiously,  Peaceably, 
and  Civilly,  governed,  protected  and  defended,  so  as  their 
good  life,  and  orderly  conversation,  may  win  the  Indians, 
Natives  of  the  Country,  to  the  Knowledge  and  obedience 
of  the  only  true  God,  and  Saviour  of  Mankind,  and  the 
Christian  Faith,  which  his  Royall  Majesty,  our  Royal 


What  follows  is  from  the  Province  Charter,  1691. 


C47n 


1762] 


Jasper  Mauduit 

Grandfather,  King  Charles  the  First,  in  his  said  Letters 
Patent,  declared  was  his  Royal  Intention,  and  the  Adven- 
turers free  profession  to  be  the  principal  End  of  the  said 
Plantation.  And  for  the  Better  securing  and  maintaining 
Liberty  of  Conscience,  hereby  granted  to  all  persons,  at 
any  time,  being  and  residing,  within  our  said  Province  or 
Territory  as  aforesaid,  willing,  commanding  and  requiring, 
and  by  these  presents,  for  us,  our  heirs  and  Successors  or- 
daining and  appointing,  that  all  such  orders,  Laws,  Stat- 
utes and  ordinances,  instructions  and  directions,  as  shall 
be  so  made  and  published  under  our  seal  of  our  said  Prov- 
ince or  Territory,  shall  be  carefully  and  duly  observed, 
kept  and  performed  and  put  in  Execution,  according  to  the 
true  intent  and  meaning  of  these  presents.  Provided  al- 
ways And  we  do  by  these  presents,  for  us,  our  heirs  and 
Successors,  establish  and  ordain,  that  in  the  framing  and 
passing  of  all  such  orders,  Laws,  Statutes  and  ordinances, 
and  in  all  Elections,  and  Acts  of  Government  whatsoever, 
to  be  passed,  made  or  done,  by  the  said  General  Court  or 
assembly,  or  in  Council;  the  Governor  of  our  said  Province 
or  Territory  of  the  Massachusetts  Bay  in  New  England, 
for  the  time  being,  shall  have  the  Negative  Voice;  and  that 
without  his  Consent  or  approbation,  signified  and  declared, 
in  writing,  no  such  orders,  Laws,  Statutes  ordinances  Elec- 
tions, or  other  Acts  of  Government  whatsoever,  so  to  be 
made,  passed  or  done  by  the  said  General  Assembly,  or  in 
Council,  shall  be  of  any  Force,  Effect,  or  Validity;  any 
thing  herein  contained  to  the  contrary  in  any  wise  not- 
withstanding. And  we  do  for  us,  our  heirs  and  Successors, 
establish  and  ordain,  that  the  said  orders,  Laws,  Statutes 
and  ordinances,  be  by  the  first  opportunity,  after  the  mak- 
ing thereof,  sent  or  transmitted  unto  us,  our  heirs  and  Suc- 
cessors, under  the  publick  Seal,  to  be  appointed  by  us,  for 

U83 


Jasper  Mauduit 


D762 


our  or  their  approbation,  or  disallowance.  And  that  in 
Case  all  or  any  of  them  shall  at  any  time  within  the  Space 
of  three  Years,  next  after  the  same  shall  have  been  pre- 
sented to  us,  our  heirs  and  Successors,  in  our,  or  their  Privy 
Council,  be  disallowed  and  rejected,  and  so  signified  by  us, 
our  heirs  and  Successors,  under  our  or  their  Sign  Manual, 
and  Signet;  or  by  order  in  our  or  their  Privy  Council,  unto 
the  Governour  for  the  time  being,  then  such  and  so  many 
of  them  as  shall  be  so  disallowed  and  rejected,  shall  thence- 
forth cease  and  determine  and  become  utterly  Void,  and  of 
none  Effect.  Provided  always,  That  in  Case,  We,  our  heirs, 
or  Successors,  shall  not,  within  the  Term  of  three  Years 
after  the  presenting  of  such  orders,  laws,  Statutes  or  ordi- 
nances, as  aforesaid,  signify  our,  or  their  disallowance,  of 
the  same,  then  the  said  orders,  Laws  Statutes  or  Ordi- 
nances, shall  be  and  Continue  in  full  Force  and  Effect,  ac- 
cording to  the  true  Intent  and  Meaning  of  the  same,  until 
the  Expiration  thereof,  or  that  the  same  shall  be  repealed, 
by  the  General  Assembly  of  our  said  Province  for  the  time 
being.  Provided  also,  That  it  shall  and  May  be  lawful,  for 
the  said  Governour,  and  General  Assembly,  to  make  or  pass 
any  grant  of  Lands,  lying  within  the  Bounds  of  the  Colo- 
nies, formerly  called  the  Colonies  of  the  Massachusetts 
Bay,  and  New  Plymouth,  and  Province  of  Main,  in  such 
manner,  as  heretofore  they  might  have  done,  by  virtue  of 
any  former  Charter,  or  letters  Patent;  which  grants  of 
Lands,  within  the  Bounds  aforesaid,  We  do  hereby  Will 
and  ordain  to  be  and  continue  forever  in  full  force  and 
Effect,  without  our  further  approbation  or  Consent.  And 
so  as  Nevertheless,  and  it  is  our  Royal  Will  and  pleasure, 
that  no  grant,  or  Grants  of  any  Lands,  lying  or  extending 
from  the  River  of  Sagadahock,  to  the  Gulph  of  St.  Law- 
rence, and  Cannada  Rivers,  and  to  the  Main  Sea  North- 

C49H 


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Jasper  Mauduit 


ward,  and  Eastward,  to  be  made  or  past  by  the  Governour 
and  General  Assembly  of  our  said  Province  be  o'f  any  Force, 
Validity  or  Effect,  untill  we  our  heirs  and  Successors  shall 
have  signified  our  or  their  approbation  of  the  same. 

The  Reasons  against  a suspending  Clause,  in  these  laws, 
until  the  King’s  approbation,  or  disapprobation  may  be 
known,  are  briefly  these:  1.  There  is  no  such  thing  re- 
quired by  the  Words  of  the  Charter,  except  in  a particular 
Case,  to  wit  of  grants  of  Land,  in  Sagadahock.  2.  The 
Cotemporary,  as  well  as  constant  usage  to  the  country, 
ever  since  the  Charter,  and  which  has  never  before  been 
called  in  question,  is,  as  we  think,  an  unanswerable  argu- 
ment in  Law,  and  in  reason,  that  no  such  thing  was  ever 
intended.  3.  The  Laws  for  Assessments,  Rates  and  Taxes 
mentioned  in  the  Charter,  and  many  others  are  in  their 
nature  annual.  Now  if  these  are  not  to  take  Effect,  until 
they  have  received  the  Royal  Sanction,  they  would  often 
not  take  Effect  at  all,  for  the  time  of  their  Continuance,  or 
the  greatest  part  of  it  would  be  ordinarily  elapsed  before 
such  Sanction  could  possibly  be  obtained.  This  Considera- 
tion is  enough  to  evince,  what  confusion  would  happen  in 
the  domestick  concerns  of  the  province,  even  in  the  time  of 
Peace.  But  in  a time  of  War,  as  this  is,  his  Majesty’s  Serv- 
ice would  be  extremely  endangered  hereby,  for  if  all  Acts 
and  orders  for  levying  our  provincial  Troops  (which  are 
commonly  raised  in  the  Spring,  and  dismissed  in  the  Fall) 
were  to  be  sent  home,  as  by  this  principle  they  must,  the 
Campaign  would  be  over  before  such  Acts  and  orders  could 
be  returned  from  England.  A Multiplicity  of  such  in- 
stances might  be  mentioned,  and  numberless  others  that 
can’t  be  foreseen,  may  possibly  happen,  by  the  Establish- 
ment of  such  a principle.  All  the  officers  of  the  Govern- 
ment, who  depend  upon  annual  grants,  for  their  services, 

[ 5°3 


jasper  Mauduit 


D762 


must  be  by  this  means,  kept  out  of  their  pay  and  Subsist- 
ance,  untill  the  Royal  approbation  be  known,  so  that  the 
Treasury  instead  of  yielding  ready  and  prompt  payment, 
will  ever  be  a year  behind  hand,  and  the  King’s  officers  in 
the  meantime,  starving,  and  his  service  Suffering.  The 
Charter  provides,  that  without  the  Governor’s  Consent  or 
approbation,  signified  and  declared  in  writing,  no  such  or- 
ders, Laws,  Statutes,  Ordinances,  Elections,  or  other  Acts 
of  Government  whatsoever  to  be  made,  passed  or  done  by 
the  said  General  Assembly,  or  in  Council,  shall  be  of  any 
force  Effect  or  Validity.  This  at  least  very  strongly  im- 
plies, that  immediately  upon  such  consent  or  approbation, 
they  become  Laws,  and  want  nothing  but  publication,  es- 
pecially as  in  the  Clause  preceeding,  upon  such  Consent  of 
the  Governor,  and  publication  under  the  Seal  of  the  Prov- 
ince, the  Subject  is  required  to  yield  carefull  and  due 
Obedience. 

5.  If  it  had  been  intended  that  the  Royal  approbation 
should  also  have  been  obtained,  previous  to  our  Laws  hav- 
ing any  Force,  a Word  or  two  would  have  put  the  matter 
beyond  all  doubt,  as  in  the  subsequent  Clauses  relating  to 
the  grants  of  Lands.  Those  in  Massachusetts,  Plymouth 
and  Province  of  Main,  are  expressly  grantable  by  the  Prov- 
ince, without  having  further  royal  approbation  than  the 
Charter.  Those  in  Sagadahock  are  expressly  grantable,  by 
the  General  Court,  but  the  grant  is  as  expressly  suspended 
until  the  Royal  approbation  be  signified.  6:  This  Clause 
then,  “such  and  so  many  of  them,  as  shall  be  disallowed 
and  rejected,  shall  thenceforth  cease  and  determine,  and 
become  utterly  void  and  of  none  Effect,”  shews  the  intent 
was,  to  make  the  King’s  disallowance  in  the  nature  of  a 
repeal,  and  the  act  voidable,  not  void.  If  it  is  considered  in 
this  light  all  mean  Acts  are  good.  This  Construction  is 

Csi] 


17623 


Jasper  Mauduit 


abundantly  confirmed  by  the  constant  usage  hitherto,  and 
by  the  next  Clause  “Provided  always,  that  in  Case  we,  our 
heirs  or  Successors,  shall  not  within  the  Term  of  Three 
years  after  the  presenting  of  such  orders,  Laws,  Statutes 
and  ordinances  as  aforesaid,  signify,  our  or  their  disallow- 
ance of  the  same,  then  the  said  orders,  Laws,  etc.  shall  be 
and  continue  in  full  force  and  Effect,  according  to  the  true 
intent,  and  meaning  of  the  same”  until  the  Expiration 
thereof,  or  that  the  same  shall  be  repealed  by  the  General 
Assembly.  If  this  doctrine  of  Suspension  takes  place,  every 
Act  must  lie  three  years,  unless  his  Majesty’s  pleasure  be 
sooner  signified,  which  is  not  probable,  for  there  is  no  In- 
stance, of  any  allowance  being  signified,  nor  is  it  requisite 
by  Charter,  and  there  have  been  but  few  disallowances.  If 
all  our  Acts  are  to  be  three  Years,  in  order  for  a disappro- 
bation, the  most  important  affairs,  as  raising  Taxes,  laying 
Excise,  Imposts,  Grants  of  Money,  to  his  Excellency  the 
Governor,  and  others  for  their  Salaries,  levying  Troops, 
paying  and  subsisting  for  the  King’s  service,  would  be  al- 
ways three  years  behind  hand.  Such  a form  of  Legislation, 
would  be  a burthen  rather  than  a benefit  to  the  Subject. 
Omnis  Innovatio  plus  novitate  perturbat,  quam  utilitate 
prodest.  We  have  proved  that  be  an  act,  ever  so  necessary 
to  be  carried  into  immediate  Execution,  yet  by  this  new 
system,  it  may  lay  and  be  suspended  three  years.  Let  us 
suppose  that  the  next  day  after  the  three  years  of  suspen- 
sion are  expired,  the  Continuance  of  the  Act,  any  longer 
becomes  dangerous,  or  detrimental  to  the  Province,  from 
some  one  of  a Thousand  Changes  in  Circumstances,  which 
are  daily  turning  up,  in  the  ordinary  Course  of  human 
affairs. 

What  is  to  be  done:  Why  the  Assembly,  as  by  Charter 
they  have  right,  repeal  this  Act,  but  this  Act  of  repeal  can 
C52  3 


Jasper  Mauduit 


C1762 


have  no  immediate  Effect,  any  more  than  any  other  law, 
but  must  be  suspended  it  is  said  for  the  Royal  approbation 
or  disallowance,  and  may  lie  three  years  more  without  any 
allowance  or  disallowance,  so  here’s  six  years  gone,  three  of 
which  the  poor  Colony  is  without  a law,  perhaps  abso- 
lutely needful  for  its  being,  and  three  Years  after  the  Occa- 
sion of  the  law  ceases,  and  becomes  absolutely  bad,  it  must 
remain  in  force.  A little  Change  in  Circumstances  would 
cause  another  similar  rotation,  and  so  on  Ad  infinitum, 
both  in  Number  and  Continuance,  Uno  absurdo  dato  Mille 
Sequuntur.1 

Further,  the  Governor,  and  the  Assembly,  by  the  Char- 
ter, and  in  the  nature  and  Reason  of  things,  are  deemed  in 
general  the  most  Adequate  Judges,  of  all  local  Laws,  and 
most  of  our  Laws  are  such.  Some  few  there  may  be  indeed, 
of  which  the  boards  in  England,  are  infinitely  better  Judges 
than  we  are,  but  if  they  all  had  the  Wisdom  of  angels  they 
must  often  be  in  the  dark  in  relation  to  such  as  in  their 
nature  are  local,  and  have  the  particular  state  and  Circum- 
stances of  this  People  for  their  object.  If  these  suspen- 
sions are  Established,  it  will  be  in  the  power  of  the  Crown, 
in  Effect,  to  take  away  our  Charter  without  act  of  Parlia- 
ment, or  the  Ordinary  process  at  Common  law,  and  surely, 
the  laws  of  England,  will  never  make  such  Construction  of 
the  King’s  Charter,  as  to  put  it  in  the  power  of  the  donor 
or  his  Successors  to  take  it  away  when  he  pleases.  We 
have  nothing  of  this  kind  to  fear  from  his  present  Majesty, 
or  his  Ministry,  on  the  contrary,  we  flatter  our  selves  that 
when  the  services  and  sufferings  of  the  American  Colonies 
in  general,  and  of  this  in  particular,  are  fully  considered, 
they  will  afford  very  strong  inducements,  to  enlarge  rather 
than  Curtail  our  Priviledges.  We  would  recommend  to 


1 From  this  point  the  draft  is  in  the  writing  of  James  Bowdoin. 


C 53  □ 


17623 


Jasper  Mauduit 


you,  to  Consult  Mr.  Jackson  upon  this  Subject  and  such 
other  Council,  learned  in  the  law  as  you  may  think  Need- 
full. 

We  shall  as  soon  as  possible  furnish  you  with  some 
further  particulars,  relative  to  this  very  interesting  and 
important  question. 

We  shall  with  this  transmit  you  Copies  of  the  Instruc- 
tions heretofore  given  Mr.  Bollan,  and  from  time  to  time 
make  such  additions  as  our  affairs  may  require. 

In  Council,  June  14th,  1762.  Read  and  accepted,  and 
ordered  that  the  Secretary  transmit  a Copy  hereof  to  Mr. 
Agent  Mauduit  by  the  first  opportunity. 

Sent  down  for  Concurrence. 

Jno.  Cotton,  Dep:  Sec’y. 

In  the  house  of  Representatives.  June  15,  1762. 

Read  and  Concurr’d. 

Copy.  Timo.  Ruggles,  Speaker. 

A.  Oliver,  Sec’y. 

Boston,  June  15,  1762. 

Sir,  — I am  directed  by  the  General  Court  to  inform  you 
that  in  case  any  Attempt  should  be  made  to  abridge  or  in 
any  measure  controul  the  General  Court  in  regard  to  their 
Power  of  Legislation  as  granted  by  the  Province  Charter, 
You  are  then  to  make  use  of  the  Letter  of  Instructions  here- 
with sent  you  upon  that  Subject,  in  such  manner  as  your 
discretion  shall  dictate;  but  if  no  such  Attempt  should  be 
made,  You  will  in  that  case  keep  them  to  Yourself. 

In  their  behalf,  I am,  Sir,  Your  most  humble  Servant, 

And’w  Oliver. 


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SAMUEL  MARTIN1  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Treasury  Chambers,  21  June,  1762. 

Sir, — The  Lords  Commissioners  of  His  Majesty’s  Treas- 
ury having  taken  into  Consideration  the  Memorials  of  the 
Agents  of  the  several  Colonies  in  America,  praying  a Dis- 
tribution of  the  200,ooo£  granted  by  Parliament  in  1761, 
as  a Compensation  to  the  said  Colonies  for  the  Troops 
raised,  Cloathed,  and  paid  by  them  respectively  in  the 
Year  1760,  My  Lords  direct  me  to  signify  to  you  their 
recommendation  that  the  Agents  of  the  said  Colonies  do 
meet  together  and  settle  their  several  Demands  which  their 
Lordships  will  be  ready  to  approve;  otherwise  the  said 
Agents  must  wait  an  Answer  from  General  Amherst,  upon 
whose  adjustment  the  Distribution  of  the  said  Money  will 
depend.2  I am,  Sir,  Your  most  Humble  Servant, 

Sam’l  Martin. 

[Endorsed,]]  To  Jasper  Mauduit  Esqr.  Agent  for  Massachusetts  Bay 
in  Lime  Street. 


LETTER  OF  THE  COLONY  AGENTS3 

London,  25th  June  1762 

Sir,  — In  obedience  to  the  Commands  of  the  Right  Hon- 
ourable the  Lords  Commissioners  of  His  Majestys  Treas- 

1 First  Secretary  to  the  Lords  of  the  Treasury. 

2 This  letter  was  based  upon  a minute  of  the  Treasury  dated  June  18,  1762,  which 
is  printed  in  Penn.  Col.  Rec.,  IX.  49. 

3 Printed  in  Penn.  Col.  Rec.,  ix.  49.  Bollan  speaks  of  this  letter  as  having  been 
prepared  at  the  Cardigan-head.  It  appeared  that  Mauduit  signed  the  letter  with  re- 
luctance, and  desired  to  present  to  the  Treasury  at  the  same  time  a letter  claiming  com- 
pensation for  Massachusetts  on  account  of  the  garrisons.  Mauduit,  finding  himself  in 
difficulty,  as  the  agent  of  every  other  colony  would  naturally  oppose  his  claim  to  an  extra 
allowance  to  Massachusetts  out  of  the  grant  of  £200,000,  consulted  Bollan,  and  even 
proposed  to  abandon  the  claim.  Bollan  fully  relates  the  meetings  in  his  letter  of  July 
8,  1762,  to  the  Speaker.  Mass.  Arch.,  xxii.  255. 

t:  55  3 


Jasper  Mauduit 


1762] 


ury,  signified  by  your  circular  Letter  of  the  21st  instant, 
to  the  Agents  of  the  Colonies  of  North  America,  touching 
the  Distribution  of  the  200,ooo£  granted  by  Parliament  in 
1761.  as  a Compensation  to  the  said  Colonies  for  the  Troops 
raised,  clothed  and  paid  by  them  respectively  in  the  year 
1760,  We  whose  names  are  underwritten  have  mett  and  con- 
sidered what  has  been  recommended  to  us  by  your  said 
Letter,  and  as  it  appears  to  us,  that  the  Service  performed 
by  our  respective  Colonies  in  the  year  1760  was  exactly 
similar  to  that  of  the  preceding  year,  we  are  humbly  desi- 
rous that  their  Lordships  may  order  the  Apportionment  of 
the  money  granted  for  the  year  1760  in  the  like  manner  as 
was  done  for  the  year  1759,  and  in  case,  from  the  Return 
of  General  Amherst,  any  Inequality  should  appear  in  this 
Apportionment,  we  are  willing  and  contented  that  out  of 
the  money  granted  for  the  year  1761,  such  Inequality  be 
adjusted  and  settled  at  the  good  Pleasure  of  their  Lord- 
ships,  to  which  we  readily  submitt  ourselves  and  are  with 
great  Regard,  Sir,  Your  most  obedient  Servants, 


for  New  York Robt.  Charles 

for  New  Hampshire  . . . Jno.  Thomlinson 

for  Connecticut  ....  Rich’d  Jackson 

for  Pensilvania Geo:  Aufrere,  John  Barclay 

for  New  Jersey Andrew  Drummond  & Co. 1 

for  Rhode  Island  ....  Jos:  Sherwood  2 


for  Massachusetts  Bay  . Jasper  Mauduit. 


1 Henry  Drummond  was  the  active  member  of  the  firm. 

2 Sherwood  was  an  attorney  at  law,  in  Austin  Fryers,  near  the  Royal  Exchange.  He 
was  appointed  agent  for  Rhode  Island  in  August,  1759.  R.  I.  Col.  Rec.,  VI.  223. 


C563 


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TREASURY  MINUTE  1 

White  Hall,  Treasury  Chambers,  25  June,  1762 

Present:  The  Earl  of  Bute 

Sir  Francis  Dashwood 
Lord  North 
Mr.  [James]  Oswald 
Sir  John  Turner 

Read  a Letter  from  the  several  Agents  for  the  Colonies 
in  North  America,  declaring: 

“That  they  are  desirous  that  their  lordships  may  order 
the  apportionment  of  the  Money  granted  for  the  Year  1760 
in  the  like  manner  as  was  done  for  the  Year  1759,  and  in 
case  from  the  return  of  General  Amherst  any  inequality 
should  appear  in  this  apportionment  they  are  willing  and 
contented  that  out  of  the  money  granted  for  the  year  1761 
such  inequality  be  adjusted  and  settled  at  the  good  pleasure 
of  their  Lordships,  to  which  they  readily  submitted  them- 
selves.” 

Read  also  a Letter  of  Mr.  Jasper  Mauduit,  Agent  for 
Massachusetts  Bay,  saying: 

“That  he  has  just  signed  a Letter  with  the  other  Agents 
of  the  North  American  Colonies  in  order  to  forward  the 
distribution  of  the  money  granted  by  Parliament  for  the 
service  of  the  Year  1760,  but  he  must  take  leave  to  acquaint 
the  Lords  that  he  has  it  in  command  from  the  Government 
of  the  Colony  of  the  Massachusetts  Bay  to  lay  in  a Claim 
on  their  behalf  to  a sum  of  Money  expended  in  raising  and 
paying  troops  for  Garrisons  at  Louisbourgh  and  Nova 
Scotia  in  the  Winter  preceeding  that  year,  furnished  at  the 


1 Mass.  Arch.,  vi.  280. 


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requisition  of  General  Amherst,  which  he  does  not  take  to 
be  included  in  the  proportion  of  the  above  Sum  granted  by 
Parliament,  and  for  which  he  begs  he  may  be  at  liberty  to 
make  such  application  as  he  shall  think  necessary  here- 
after.” 

Upon  reading  the  said  Letter  my  Lords,  observing  that 
a farther  Claim  is  proposed  to  be  reserved  in  behalf  of  the 
Province  of  Massachusetts  Bay  with  respect  to  the  Appor- 
tionment of  the  sum  granted  for  the  Year  1760,  do  not 
think  it  proper  to  order  any  apportionment  of  the  said 
Sum  until  the  proper  Certificate  shall  have  been  received 
from  General  Amherst. 


NOTE  BY  WILLIAM  BOLLAN  1 

Mr.  Mauduit  at  our  first  Meeting  after  declaring  him- 
self a Stranger  to  the  Nature  of  the  Province  Service,  hav- 
ing desird  my  Assistance  in  it,  and  he  having  since  come 
to  me  for  my  Advice  in  the  Manner  aforementiond,  it  is 
necessary  for  me  to  say,  that  from  the  Secretary’s  Letter 
wherein  Mention  is  made  of  the  Information  to  be  given 
him,  or  the  Nature  of  the  Case,  I cannot  conceive  that  the 
General  Court  desird  or  intended,  that  after  my  Dismission  I 
should  from  time  to  time  give  him  my  Advice  respecting  the 

1 This  is  the  last  paragraph  in  the  letter  from  William  Bollan  to  the  Speaker,  July 
8,  1762.  Mass.  Arch.,  xxn.  260a.  The  extract  gives  some  point  to  an  entry  in  the  Diary 
of  John  Adams:  “Mem.  The  other  [anecdote],  of  a piece,  sent  to  Fleet  to  be  printed, 
upon  the  unfitness  of  Mr.  Mauduit  to  represent  this  Province  at  the  British  court,  both 
in  point  of  age  and  knowledge.  He  is,  as  that  writer  says,  seventy  years  old;  an  honest 
man,  but  avaricious;  a woollen  draper,  a mere  cit;  so  ignorant  of  court  and  public  busi- 
ness, that  he  knew  not  where  the  public  offices  were,  and  that  he  told  Mr.  Bollan  that  he 
was  agent  for  New  England.  He  says  that  all  the  other  agents  laugh  at  this  Province  for 
employing  him,  and  that  all  persons  on  that  side  of  the  water  are  surprised  at  us.  That 
the  ‘Considerations  on  the  present  German  War’  were  written  by  a person  unknown, 
who  hired  or  persuaded  Mr.  Mauduit  to  father  it.”  Works,  11.  141. 

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Measures  taken  or  to  be  taken,  in  the  Execution  of  the  Trust 
reposed  in  him;  for  in  that  Case,  while  Another  should 
have  the  Authority,  Credit  and  Profit  of  the  Agency,  I 
should  in  Effect  be  the  Agent,  or  rather  in  a more  trouble- 
some state,  as  having  not  only  the  Trouble  to  consider  what 
was  proper  to  be  done,  respecting  the  great  and  difficult 
points  of  the  Province  Service,  but  likewise  the  Trouble 
attending  his  having  a different  sense  of  the  Matter  from 
myself. 

[William  Bollan.J 

TREASURY  MINUTE  1 

Whitehall,  Treasury  Chambers,  9th  July,  1762 

Present:  The  Earl  of  Bute 
Sir  F.  Dashwood 
Lord  North 
Mr.  Oswald 
Sir  John  Turner 

The  Agents  for  the  North  American  Colonies  were 
called  in,  and  it  being  agreed  by  Mr.  Mauduit,  Agent  for 
the  Massachusetts  Bay,  and  the  rest  of  the  Agents,  that 
the  Sum  of  £10,000,  part  of  the  Sum  of  £200,000  Granted 
by  Parliament  for  the  Services  performed  by  the  Colonies 
for  the  year  1760,  should  be  reserved  in  order  to  answer 
such  Right  as  shall  be  made  out  on  behalf  of  his  Colony  in 
respect  of  the  demand  stated  in  Mr.  Mauduit’s  Letter  of 
25th  June,  1762,  and  that  the  remainder  of  the  Sum  should 
by  common  consent  be  forthwith  distributed  in  the  same 
proportion  as  the  £200,000  granted  for  1759  was  distrib- 
uted. 


1 Mass.  Arch.,  vi.  282. 


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My  Lords  are  pleased  to  order  that  the  Sum  of  £190,000, 
part  of  the  Sum  of  £200,000  Granted  for  Services  performed 
in  1760  be  accordingly  distributed  in  the  said  proportions. 
A true  copy,  examined 

per  M.  Rowe 

23d  July,  1762. 


EDMUND  TROWBRIDGE  TO  WILLIAM  BOLLAN1 

July  15th,  1762 

Dear  Sir,  — In  my  last  I desired  you  to  send  some  direc- 
tions concerning  your  money  lent  to  the  Province,  but  as 
the  Letter  did  not  go  so  soon  as  was  expected,  I was  appre- 
hensive that  we  should  hear  Nothing  from  you  about  it  by 
the  10th  June,  1762,  when  it  became  payable,  and  as  neither 
Judge  Russell 2 nor  I had  any  suspition  of  your  sending  for 
the  money,  but  Thought  you  were  Coming  here  as  soon  as 
you  could,  and  being  Told  by  the  Treasurers  “that  no  In- 
terest would  be  allowed  for  any  money  Borrowed  by  the 
Province  after  the  Day  of  payment,  unless  it  was  lent  again 
to  the  Province;  That  he  could  borrow  no  Money  but  such 
as  would  be  payable  in  Silver  or  Gold  at  the  rates  in  the 
Act  mentioned,  and  that  he  then  had  the  Offer  of  as  much 
Money  on  those  Terms  as  the  Government  wanted,”  I sup- 
posed that  if  you  did  not  Lend  the  money  again  to  the 
Province  you  would  lose  the  Interest  of  it  from  the  10th 
of  June  until  you  came,  and  how  long  that  would  be  we 
were  uncertain,  but  supposed  it  would  be  a Year  at  least. 
And  considering  also  that  as  upon  your  return  you  would 
have  to  settle  with  the  Government,  if  we  should  draw  the 

1 From  the  Dana  mss.,  by  courtesy  of  Richard  Henry  Dana. 

2 Chambers  Russell  (1713-1766). 

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Silver  out  of  the  Treasury,  you  might  be  no  gainer  by  it, 
especially  as  we  did  not  know  where  to  place  the  money  so 
as  to  secure  it  on  Interest,  according  to  the  Value  of  it,  and 
therefore  upon  the  whole  we  thought  it  advisable  to  lend 
the  Money  again  to  the  Government  on  the  best  Terms  we 
could,  if  we  heard  nothing  from  you  by  the  Time  it  became 
payable.  And  some  time  last  spring  I spoke  to  the  Treas- 
urer again  about  the  Money  and  represented  to  him  among 
other  Things  the  Danger  we  were  in  of  being  blamed  by  you 
for  giving  up  the  Government’s  Securities  for  the  Payment 
of  the  Money  in  Silver  at  6/8  per  oz.,  and  in  lieu  thereof 
Taking  Security  for  the  Payment  of  it  in  Silver  or  Gold  at 
the  rates  mention’d  in  the  Act.  Whereupon  the  Treasurer 
declared  to  me  that  we  should  not  meet  with  any  difficulty 
on  that  Account.  For  if  you  disapproved  of  our  Taking 
the  new  Security  he  would  let  us  have  the  Silver.  And 
upon  my  Informing  Judge  Russell  of  this  we  concluded  to 
let  the  Treasurer  have  the  Money  upon  the  Terms  in  Case 
we  received  no  Orders  to  the  Contrary  by  the  Time  it  be- 
came payable.  And  as  Judge  Russell  and  I were  to  set 
out  on  the  Eastern  Circuit  on  the  seventh  of  June,  which 
would  be  before  the  money  was  payable,  I waited  on  the 
Treasurer  to  see  if  he  would  consent  to  defer  Exchanging 
the  Securities  until  our  Return,  and  he  agreed  to  do  it,  and 
upon  my  return  I,  on  the  26th  of  June  went  to  the  Treasury, 
gave  up  the  old  Securities  and  Took  one  in  your  Name  in 
the  new  Form  for  £4838,  being  the  amount  of  the  Princi- 
pal and  Interest  to  that  Time,  and  in  the  Evening  of  the 
29th  of  June  I received  your  Letter  that  came  by  the  Way 
of  New  York,  and  thereupon  went  to  Lincoln  to  Consult 
with  Judge  Russell  what  to  do  upon  it.  I had  not  at  this 
Time  the  least  suspition  that  his  Majesty’s  ship  then  in 
Boston  was  the  Launceston , having  while  at  York  Court 

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heard  it  said  in  Company  that  the  man-of-war  was  gone 
to  Boston  to  take  in  money  to  carry  home;  but  it  was  sup- 
posed there  would  not  much  be  sent  in  her,  as  she  was  to 
call  at  Martinico,  and  in  your  Letter  you  spoke  of  the  Laun- 
ceston’s being  to  return  with  the  Mast  Ships  in  the  Fall. 
But  upon  my  return  I heard  the  ship  in  Boston  was  called 
the  Launceston,  and  that  she  was  to  sail  the  next  Sunday. 
Upon  which  I went  the  next  Morning  to  Bdston  to  see  the 
Treasurer,  but  failed  of  doing  it  that  day,  he  being  down 
at  the  light  house.  But  I waited  on  his  honor  the  Lieuten- 
ant Governor,  told  him  what  had  hapned  and  desired  his 
Advice  therein,  (and  how  it  came  to  pass  that  I did  not  do 
it  before  the  Securities  were  exchanged,  I can’t  conceive, 
having  had  frequent  opportunities  of  doing  it,  and  having 
for  a long  Time  depended  more  on  his  Judgment  respecting 
the  affair  of  money  than  on  all  the  Province  besides.  Yet 
so  it  hapned,  I never  once  thought  of  it.)  His  honor  was 
on  this,  as  he  is  on  all  other  Occasions,  so  good  as  to  give 
me  his  Sentiments  on  the  Affair  freely  and  the  next  Morn- 
ing, being  Saturday,  the  Third  of  July,  I went  to  the  Treas- 
urer, informed  him  of  your  Orders  and  demanded  payment 
of  the  Debt  in  Silver  according  to  our  Agreement.  The 
Treasurer  Told  me  there  had  been  such  Large  Demands 
made  on  the  Treasury  for  Silver  to  be  sent  home  in  the 
Launceston  that  there  was  not  enough  left  in  the  Treasury 
to  answer  my  demand,  and  that  he  did  not  think  it  possi- 
ble to  procure  sufficient  for  the  purpose  soon  enough  to 
send  it  by  this  Ship.  I desired  him  to  take  back  the  new 
Securities  and  return  me  the  old  ones,  as  he  could  not  per- 
form the  Agreement,  but  he  refused  to  do  it.  Then  I told 
him  I would  follow  the  Ship  to  Portsmouth  with  the  Money 
if  it  could  be  had.  He  said  he  would  go  that  day  and  see 
what  silver  he  could  get  and  let  me  know  upon  next  Mon- 

[623 


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[1762 


day,  and  told  me  if  I could  find  any  he  would  borrow  it 
and  repay  it  with  the  first  silver  that  came  into  the  Treas- 
ury. Upon  which  I went  and  sent  to  the  most  likely  Per- 
sons I could  hear  or  Think  of,  but  found  the  Town  as  much 
drained  of  silver  as  the  Treasury  was.  I returned  to  Cam- 
bridge, sent  to  Judge  Russell  desiring  him  to  come  here  as 
soon  as  possible,  and  on  Monday  I went  to  the  Treasurer, 
when  he  told  me  he  could  let  me  have  5000  Dollars,  and  the 
rest  in  Gold:  but  could  get  no  more  Silver.  Judge  Russell’s 
Indisposition  prevented  his  coming  to  Boston  until  Tues- 
day, when  we  waited  upon  the  Lieut.  Governor,  Informed 
him  of  the  whole,  and  Desired  his  Opinion  as  to  what 
would  be  best  for  us  to  do.  Judge  Russell  told  his  Honor 
that  he  believed  if  the  General  Court  was  sitting  some 
measure  would  be  taken  to  stop  the  money.  The  Lieut. 
Governor  thought  no  such  Order  would  pass  the  whole 
Court.  He  said,  considering  the  disappointments  it  would 
be  to  you,  not  to  have  the  money  remitted,  and  the  Advan- 
tage it  would  be  to  you  to  have  it  in  England  if  there  should 
be  a peace,  he  thought  it  advisable  to  take  the  5000  Dollars 
and  the  rest  in  gold  if  we  could  get  no  more  Silver,  espe- 
cially as  you  would  insure  the  money.  Upon  which  we  went 
again  to  the  Treasurer,  and  as  we  heard  the  Ship  would  not 
sail  before  the  last  of  the  Week,  we  urged  the  Treasurer  to 
increase  the  Number  of  Dollars  and  he  promised  to  do  it 
if  possible.  Mrs.  Russell  being  very  111,  the  Judge  returnd 
home,  and  the  next  day  I found  we  were  like  to  get  no  more 
Dollars.  Upon  discourse  with  Secretary  Oliver  I thought  it 
advisable  to  petition  the  Governor  and  Council  to  direct 
the  Treasurer  to  return  one  of  the  old  Securities,  as  he 
could  not  let  me  have  the  Silver,  and  drew  a Petition  ac- 
cordingly, and  the  next  day  shew  it  to  the  Lieut.  Governor 
who  approved  of  it.  Then  I went  to  the  Treasurer  and 

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shew  it  to  him,  upon  which  he  told  me  he  had  no  Objec- 
tion against  my  Prefering  the  Petition,  but  he  was  well 
assured  the  Consequence  of  it  would  be  that  I should  not 
get  any  part  of  the  Money  until  the  28th  of  next  June,  as 
by  the  Agreements  nothing  more  could  be  required  of  him 
than  to  pay  the  money  at  the  End  of  the  Year  in  Silver, 
and  he  was  ready  to  give  Bond  to  do  it.  This  being  the 
first  Time  the  Treasurer  had  put  this  Construction  on  the 
Agreement,  I suspected  it  came  from  Otis,  and  that  a Ma- 
jority of  the  Council  would  also  put  the  same  Construction 
upon  it,  and  therefore  thought  it  not  advisable  to  press  the 
Petition,  tho’  I did  not  let  the  Treasurer  know  it.  The 
Treasurer  then  offered  to  let  me  have  5000  dollars  and 
the  remainder  in  Gold,  or  to  give  you  a new  Security  in 
the  same  Form  for  the  remainder  payable  in  a year,  and  to 
give  Bond  that  the  payment  should  be  made  in  silver  Dol- 
lars, which  I pleased.  I told  him  I would  consider  his  Pro- 
posals and  would  let  him  know  my  resolution  the  next  day, 
and  then  went  to  Capt.  Sam’l  Cary  to  gain  some  light 
there  if  I could,  and  he  advised  me  to  take  the  Gold  rather 
than  fail  of  remitting  the  money,  being  satisfied,  as  he  said, 
you  had  either  subscribed  towards  raising  the  last  Twelve 
Millions,  or  was  determined  to  lay  out  your  Money  in  the 
Publick  funds  on  a Prospect  of  Peace,  and  that  in  either 
Case  it  would  be  better  for  you  to  have  your  Money  re- 
mitted in  Gold  than  not  at  all.  And  the  Lieut.  Governor 
and  Judge  Russell  being  of  the  same  Opinion  before,  I con- 
cluded to  take  the  5000  Dollars  and  the  rest  in  Gold.  And 
Captn.  Sheaff  1 of  Charlestown,  having  procured  two  Boxes 
according  to  your  directions,  and  also  Bags,  he  went  with 
me  to  the  Treasury,  and  there  the  Treasurer  and  the  Gen- 
tlemen appointed  by  Captn.  Affleck  counted  the  Money, 


1 Edward  Sheaffe  ( -1771). 

C643 


Jasper  Mauduit 


[1762 


and  then  put  it  into  the  Bags,  which  were  sealed  with  Mr. 
Russell’s  seal,  and  then  the  Baggs  were  put  into  the  Boxes, 
which  were  nailed  down,  hooped  and  surrounded  with 
Tape,  sealed,  Numberd  and  Marked  as  in  the  Bills  of 
Lading,  and  Captn.  Affleck  having  signed  five  Bills  of 
Lading  the  Boxes  were  by  his  Order  carried  from  the  Treas- 
ury on  board  the  Ship.  Captn.  Affleck  took  one  of  the 
Bills,  as  the  Treasurer  and  Captn.  Sheaff  said  it  was  proper 
for  him  to  do;  but  upon  examining  your  Letter  I found 
that  we  were  to  keep  one  and  send  you  four.  Whereupon 
I got  a new  set  of  six  Bills,  but  could  not  get  them  signed 
until  the  14th  Currant,  one  of  which  you  have  herewith 
Inclosed  and  shall  send  you  three  more  according  to  your 
Order.  The  remainder  of  your  Money  here  being  £ \_blank~\ 
and  in  Judge  Russell’s  hands  on  Bond  in  your  Name,  he 
could  not  on  such  short  warning  procure  it  in  Silver  so  as 
to  ship  it  with  the  rest;  but  he  says  he  will  remit  you  £400 
sterling  in  a good  Bill  of  Exchange  if  he  can’t  get  the  Money 
so  as  to  send  it  by  this  Ship.  I trust  Dr.  Clark  apprised 
you  of  Judge  Russell’s  taking  £1000  of  your  Money  in 
[blanks,  the  reason  of  his  doing  it  and  that  you  approved 
of  his  keeping  it  on  Interest,  1 having  heard  No  Thing  to 
the  Contrary  from  you  concerning  it.  Thus,  Sir,  I have 
given  you  as  particular  an  Account  of  our  doings  and  the 
reasons  thereof  as  I could,  and  am  very  sorry  your  Letters 
did  not  come  to  hand  sooner,  or  you  had  intimated  to  me 
before  that  you  intended  to  send  for  the  money;  because  if 
you  had,  you  might  have  had  all  the  money  you  desired 
remitted  in  dollars,  which  would  have  been  of  more  ad- 
vantage to  you  and  saved  me  much  Trouble  and  Vexation 
of  Spirit. 

Secretary  Oliver  having  as  he  tells  me  sent  you  an  Ac- 
count of  the  Proceedings  of  the  General  Court  with  regard 

C 65  3 


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Jasper  Mauduit 


to  your  dismission  and  the  Appointment  of  Jasper  Mauduit, 
Esqr.,  Agent  for  this  Province,  I shall  give  you  a brief 
Account  how  and  by  what  means  this  was  effected.  Upon 
Judge  Sewall’s  1 Death  Coll.  Brattle  and  Coll.  Otis  were 
each  of  them  desirous  of  succeeding  him,  and  made  Inter- 
est accordingly;  but  neither  of  them  succeeding  they,  on  the 
Lieut.  Governor  being  appointed  Chief  Justice,  were  very 
angry  with  him  and  every  one  else  that  they  knew  or  sus- 
pected had  not  favoured  their  Respective  Claims.  Coll. 
Otis’s  Son  James  raved  against  the  Governor  and  his  Con- 
duct so  loudly  as  that  he  satisfied  the  People  in  Boston  he 
was  a proper  person  to  represent  them  in  the  General 
Court,  and  they  chose  him  accordingly,  and  he,  together 
with  a Number  of  other  firebrands  There  presently  set  the 
Government  into  a Flame,  caused  the  of  the  Judges 

of  the  Superior  Court  to  be  judge  of  the  Superior 

Court.  deprived  of  having  a seat  in  either  house, 

but  failing,  they  were  determined  to  remove  you.  And  for 
that  end  privately  Insinuated  to  the  Members  of  the  house 
that  our  Dissenting  Churches  were  in  danger,  that  you 
being  a Churchman  were  a very  unsuitable  Person  to  rep- 
resent us  in  a Time  of  such  eminent  Danger.  That  Mr. 
Mauduit  being  at  the  head  of  the  Dissenters  in  England 
was  a most  likely  Person  to  save  us  from  ruin.  That  you 
had  Protested  the  Government  Bills  without  having  or  giv- 
ing them  any  reason  for  so  doing.  That  you  favoured  the 
Officers  of  the  Customs,  spent  your  Time  in  sollicking  their 
Affairs  in  England,  and  neglected  the  Affairs  of  the  Govern- 
ment, and  would  not  write  to  the  Government,  tho  you 
did  to  your  Private  friends,  with  many  other  things  as  false 
and  Injurious,  and  on  Monday,  the  19th  of  April  in  the 
Afternoon,  that  Party  Taking  the  Advantage  of  a very 

1 Stephen  Sewall  (1702-1760). 

C 66  3 


Jasper  Mauduit 


Ci  762 


thin  house  and  the  Absence  of  your  Friends,  moved  that 
you  might  be  dismissed,  and  then  obtained  a Vote  for  it 
without  any  Time  being  previously  assigned  for  taking 
that  matter  under  Consideration.  And  it  was  against  the 
rules  of  the  house  to  take  any  matter  of  Consequence 
under  Consideration  on  a Monday,  and  the  next  morning 
that  Vote  was  concurred  by  the  Council;  but  the  Lieut. 
Governor,  Secretary,  and  so  many  others  opposed  it,  so 
that  it  was  carried  by  a bare  Majority  of  a very  thin  Coun- 
cil, and  the  next  day  the  Governor  consented,  and  then 
they  chose  Mr.  Mauduit.  And  whether  he  will  accept  or 
not  I know  not;  but  if  [he]]  should  refuse  and  they  should 
hereafter  Choose  you,  I can’t  again  desire  you  to  accept 
the  Trust,  but  hope  you  will  settle  your  Accounts  with 
them  in  England  and  not  again  trust  to  the  honor  or  Jus- 
tice of  those  who  have  treated  you  so  basely.  And  after 
you  have  done  yourself  Justice,  I hope  we  shall  have  the 
Pleasure  of  seeing  you  here  in  peace.  I have  only  to  add 
that  your  daughter  1 is  impatient  to  see  you  here,  that  she  is 
well  and  behaves  in  all  respects  as  well  as  can  be  reason- 
ably expected  or  desired,  and  that  I am  with  the  Greatest 
Esteem,  your  most  obedt.  humble  Servt. 

E[dmund]  T[rowbridge.J 

P.  S.  I am  obliged  to  you  for  the  Book  you  were  so 
good  as  to  send  me.  I am  surprised  you  are  alive  consider- 
ing the  Infinite  Labours  you  must  have  been  at.  If  you 
stay  in  England  untill  the  Work  is  Compleat  I fear  I shall 
never  see  you  more.  It’s  a great  pity  so  good  a work 
should  not  be  finished  by  the  same  carefull  hand,  but  am 
very  loath  you  should  kill  yourself  doing  it. 

1 Frances  Shirley,  who  married  Charles  Western  of  Riverhall,  Essex,  and  was  the 
mother  of  Charles  Caliis  Western,  Baron  Western  (1767-1844). 


C 67  □ 


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THOMAS  CUSHING  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  October,  12th,  1762 

Sir,  — Suffer  me  (tho’  a stranger)  to  express  the  Satisfac- 
tion your  letter  to  Mr.  Secretary  Oliver  gave  me,  by  which 
I learnt,  you  had  determin’d  to  act  as  an  Agent  for  this 
Province;  As  the  Character  I had  obtain’d  of  Mr.  Mauduit 
by  some  friends  here  and  by  being  a Member  of  the  Gen- 
eral Court,  first  Induced  me  to  employ  what  little  influence 
I had  to  promote  your  Election,  so  Duty  to  my  Country 
and  Regard  to  you,  Sir,  require  me  to  contribute  all  in  my 
power  to  render  the  execution  of  so  important  a trust  agre- 
able  to  yourself  and  happy  for  the  Province  you  represent. 
If  therefore  I shou’d  take  the  Freedom  to  offer  you  a few 
Hints  I hope  it  won’t  be  disagreable.  Presuming  upon 
your  Candor,  I would  beg  leave  to  Observe,  that  it  woud 
be  agreable  to  the  Court  to  be  advised  relative  to  their 
affairs  as  often  as  possible,  and  the  more  particular  and  cir- 
cumstantial your  Informations  are  the  more  agreable.  I 
observe  you  write  the  Secretary  only  and  omitt  writing  to 
the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives;  and  as  all 
Publick  Letters  are  signed  by  the  Secretary  in  the  name  and 
by  the  order  of  the  General  Court,  I am  not  surprized,  you 
shou’d  conclude  that  he  was  the  only  proper  person  to  di- 
rect to,  and  altho’  properly  considered  this  omission  is  of 
no  great  consequence,  yet  as  it  was  Mr.  Bollan’s  constant 
Practice  to  write  to  the  Speaker  at  the  same  time  he  wrote 
the  Secretary  and  to  give  the  same  Information  Verbatim 
to  the  one  as  the  other.  If  this  practice  shoud  be  dis- 
continued perhaps  the  House  may  construe  it  as  a neglect. 
Mr.  Bollan’s  friends  are  doubtless  uneasy  at  his  Dismission 
(tho’  the  good  People  of  the  Province  in  generall  are  well 

C 68  3 


Jasper  Mauduit 


[1762 


pleased  with  the  Alteration)  and  notwithstanding  they 
have  not  the  least  prospect  of  his  reinstatement,  yett  they 
will  lay  hold  of  every  such  occasion  to  sett  forth  his  serv- 
ices and  cry  up  his  punctuality  and  will  readily  help  the 
House  to  the  Construction  aforesaid. 

Mr.  Bollan  in  his  last  letter  to  the  Court  takes  notice 
that  you  decline  acting  with  respect  to  the  Government’s 
Grant  of  Mount  Desart  Island  to  the  Governor 1 and  for 
this  reason  that  the  Government  had  given  no  Instruction 
to  the  Agent  respecting  the  same,  however,  notwithstand- 
ing this  omission,  the  Government  is  much  Interested  in 
this  matter.2  They  have  made  a grant  of  Ten  or  Twelve 
Townships  in  those  parts  to  a number  of  People  who  are 
oblidged  to  settle  the  same  in  a few  years,3  and  the  Confir- 
mation of  these  grants  they  apprehend  much  depends  upon 
obtaining  a Confirmation  of  the  Grant  made  to  the  Gov- 
ernor. They  have  accordingly  in  their  last  session  chose  a 
Committee  during  the  recess  of  the  Court  to  prepare  In- 
structions for  you  upon  this  Head.  You  will  therefore  es- 
teem this  as  a matter  that  claims  your  Attention  and  will, 
I doubt  not,  do  all  in  your  Power  to  forward  it. 

I understand  by  the  Secretary  you  are  like  to  succeed 
in  preventing  the  Governor’s  obtaining  the  sole  Right  of 
granting  Charter,  and  upon  this  Principle,  that  the  King 
himself  don’t  usually  exercise  rights  that  are  contrary,  as 
the  Lawyers  term  it,  to  Leges  Loci.  It  has  been  the  con- 
stant practice  here  for  the  Three  Branches  of  the  Legis- 
lature to  grant  all  Charters  and  it  will  bode  ill  to  the 
Priviledges  of  this  People  if  this  right  should  be  taken  from 
them  and  vested  solely  in  a Governor,  he  may  make  himself 


1 Province  Laws,  xvn.  168. 

2 Barrington- Bernard  Correspondence,  56. 

3 Province  Laws,  xvn.  169-177. 


C 69  u 


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as  rich  and  as  powerfull  as  he  pleases  and  when  this  is  the 
Case  our  happy  Constitution  will  soon  be  destroy’d.  As 
I am  perswaded  a tender  regard  to  the  civil  and  religious 
Interest  of  this  Country  and  a sincere  desire  to  promote 
them,  has  Induced  you  to  undertake  so  important  a trust, 
so  I am  confident  you  will  maintain  a constant  watch 
against  everything  that  may  annoy  your  Constituents.1 
You’ll  consider  I write  only  as  a private  person  and  as  a 
friend  and  therefore  won’t  make  mention  of  anything  1 
have  wrote.  I heartily  wish  you  success  and  Prosperity  in 

1 A scheme  had  been  set  on  foot  for  founding  another  college  in  the  province,  and  a 
petition  for  that  purpose  was,  after  debate,  thrown  out  by  the  General  Court.  Governor 
Bernard  then  took  the  matter  upon  himself.  “Some  gentlemen  at  the  Western  Extremity 
of  this  Province  projected  a Scheme  for  founding  a College  and  brought  in  a Bill  for  that 
purpose  which  passed  the  House  and  was  rejected  by  the  Council.  The  reasons  given  by 
the  Council  for  rejecting  it  were,  that  the  College  was  to  be  vested  with  University  Powers; 
that  the  Province  could  not  support  two  Universities,  they  would  interfere  with  one  an- 
other. The  Gentlemen  then  applied  to  me  for  a Charter  under  the  Province  Seal,  and  they 
agreeing  to  drop  the  powers  excepted  to,  I ordered  a charter  to  be  made  out  which,  giv- 
ing no  other  powers  but  to  hold  Lands  and  Money,  and  sue  and  be  sued,  I thought  must 
be  unexceptionable.  Nevertheless  this  would  not  do:  a great  Cry  was  made  against  this 
Charter  upon  two  points  — that  it  would  be  detrimental  to  the  old  College;  that  it  would 
be  injurious  to  the  rights  of  the  people.  I had  given  so  many  proofs  of  my  regard  for  the 
old  College  that  there  was  no  pretence  to  suspect  me  of  a design  to  hurt  it;  and  there  was 
as  little  room  to  presume  an  injury  to  the  rights  of  the  people.  For  as  the  granting  char- 
ters is  a right  belonging  to  the  King’s  Seal,  and  the  Charter  of  the  Province  is  entirely 
silent  about  it,  it  certainly  belongs  to  the  King’s  Seal  within  this  Province  in  the  same  man- 
ner as  it  does  in  other  Royal  Provinces.  Nevertheless,  as  the  prosecution  of  this  affair 
was  no  ways  an  interest  of  my  office,  and  it  might  have  impeded  affairs  of  greater  conse- 
quence, I put  a stop  to  the  Charter,  still  insisting  on  the  King’s  right  of  granting  Char- 
ters, tho’  I did  not  think  proper  to  persist  in  perfecting  this  particular  one.  Upon  which  the 
whole  dispute  immediately  subsided.  It  however  persuaded  me  that  it  would  be  neces- 
sary to  guard  against  the  King’s  right  being  impeached  by  an  usage  of  granting  incorpo- 
rations by  Act  only,  which  I humbly  submit  to  your  Lordship’s  consideration.”  Governor 
Bernard  to  the  Lords  of  Trade,  April  12,  1762.  Province  Laws,  iv.  562.  “This  step  has 
given  an  almost  universal  uneasiness  and  alarm;  not  only  as  we  think  the  scheme  itself  of 
bad  tendency,  but  also  because  we  generally  suppose,  that  the  Governor  has  no  such 
authority  as  he  asserts,  and  has  thus  assumed  to  himself,  of  granting  Charters.  As  soon 
as  the  Overseers  of  H[arvard3  College  (consisting  of  all  the  Members  of  his  Majesty’s 
Council,  the  congregational  Ministers  of  Boston,  and  five  other  neighbouring  towns) 
heard  of  the  Governor’s  taking  this  step,  and  before  the  said  Charter  was  actually  issued, 

C703 


Jasper  Mauduit 


[1762 


all  your  Attempts  to  safeguard  the  Province  and  promote 
its  welfare  and  conclude  with  respect,  Your  most  humble 
servant, 

Thomas  Cushing. 

P.  S.  I should  be  glad  to  be  favour’d  with  a line  from 
you  respecting  our  Publick  affairs  when  your  Leasure  will 
permitt. 

[Memorandum,]  Thos.  Cushing’s  Letter,  8r  12,  1762.  Advice  for  my 
future  proceeding. 

CHARLES  CHAUNCY  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  October  12th,  1762. 

Sir, — Yours  of  June  nth  I have  received,  and  heartily 
thank  you  for  your  kind  and  speedy  care  with  reference  to 
the  important  affair,  which  was  the  subject  of  our  letter  to 

tho’  sign’d  and  seal’d,  they  had  a Meeting.  And  a Committee  was  appointed  to  draw  up 
reasons  against  issuing  said  Charter,  to  be  laid  before  his  Excellency.  Which  has  been 
done;  those  reasons,  which  are  pretty  lengthy,  haring  been  drawn  up  by  your  humble 
Servant,  instead  of  some  more  capable  person.  The  Governor]  has  returned  an  answer 
to  them  in  writing  — such  as  it  is.  He  has,  however,  promised  to  suspend  said  Charter. 
But  he  has  intimated  to  us  that  the  persons  who  sued  for  it,  will  make  application  home 
for  another;  in  which  we  fear  the  G[overnor]  will  give  them  his  countenance.  There  is 
accordingly  a large  Committee  of  the  Board  of  Overseers  (of  which  I have  the  honor  to 
be  one)  appointed  to  transmit  the  Reasons  against  founding  another  College,  to  England, 
and  to  lodge  them  in  some  proper  hands,  to  be  made  use  of  there,  if  there  should  be  Occa- 
sion to  prevent  a Charter’s  being  obtained  from  thence.  Said  Committee  is  also  empow- 
ered to  make  use  of  any  other  means,  which  to  them  may  seem  proper,  to  the  same  End. 
This  was  but  three  or  four  days  ago:  and  we  have  not  yet  had  a meeting  on  the  Occasion. 
So  that  I cannot  inform  you,  to  whom  we  shall  more  directly  transmit  the  said  reasons, 
or  make  our  Application.  Mr.  Mauduit  has  been  mentioned  by  some  persons  on  the 
Occasion.  When  the  Committee  meets,  I shall  propose,  if  they  are  not  sent  immediately 
to  you,  that  the  person  to  whom  they  are  sent,  shall  at  least  be  desired  to  communicate 
them  to  you,  and  to  some  other  worthy  Gentlemen;  whose  united  and  friendly  assistance 
we  shall  earnestly  crave,  if  there  should  be  occasion,  to  prevent  a scheme’s  taking  effect, 
which,  we  apprehend,  would  be  of  very  pernicious  consequence.”  Jonathan  Mayhew  to 
Thomas  Hollis,  April  6,  1762.  ms.  See  also  Quincy,  History  of  Harvard  University,  n. 
105. 


l7ll 


17623 


jasper  Mauduit 


you.  I believe  Mr.  Bernard  will  not  think  of  issuing  a 
charter  (the  thing  is  so  unpopular)  unless  he  should  be 
encouraged  from  home  to  do  it;  and,  we  trust,  what  you 
have  done  will  prevent  this.  The  more  we  think  of  it,  the 
more  we  are  convinced,  it  will  be  ruinous  to  the  Province, 
in  a religious  as  well  as  civil  respect,  should  the  Governor 
be  allowed  to  grant  charters  by  his  own  single  power:  And 
we  are  fully  persuaded,  our  dissenting  brethren  could  not 
do  us  a greater  service  than  by  using  their  interest  to 
hinder  it. 

We  are  rejoiced  to  hear  you  have  accepted  the  Agency 
for  this  Province;  and  doubt  not  but  we  shall  reap  the  good 
effects  of  your  acting  in  this  capacity  on  our  behalf.  We 
wish  you  prosperity  in  all  your  endeavours  to  serve  us;  es- 
pecially, when  they  may  be  laid  out  to  promote  our  reli- 
gious welfare,  which,  we  are  satisfied,  lies  near  your  heart. 

I hope,  sir,  you  will  ascribe  it  to  a sincere  regard  for 
you,  and  not  to  impertinence  in  me,  when  I inform  you, 
that  Mr.  Bollan  has  his  friends  among  us,  who  will  make 
use  of  all  incidents,  opportunities  and  advantages  to  serve 
him.  I need  not  advise  you  to  caution  in  your  conduct 
towards  them.  Your  own  wisdom  will  direct  to  this.  I 
believe  you  may  depend  on  it,  that  Mr.  Bollan  will  be  no 
more  than  your  complimental  friend.  In  a letter  to  our 
General  Court  (which  they  ha’n’t  yet  seen,  as  they  are  not 
sitting)  since  his  dismission  from  the  Agency,  he  has  very 
minutely  given  an  account  of  your  application  to  him  for 
advice  relative  to  some  affairs  of  the  Province,  and  con- 
cludes his  long  letter  with  the  words  in  the  inclosed  paper.1 
’Tis  probable  you  will  have  a transcript  of  the  whole  let- 
ter by  some  friend  or  other.  I tho’t  it  not  improper,  as  I 
was  now  writing,  to  give  you  the  inclosed  paragraph;  as  it 


1 Page  58,  supra. 

C723 


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jasper  Mauduit 

might  be  of  service  to  you  in  directing  your  future  conduct 
towards  that  Gentleman:  Tho’  I must  ask  the  favor  of 

your  keeping  my  name  a secret  in  this  matter;  as  also  when 
I tell  you,  that  Mr.  OQiveJr,  your  correspondent,  is  a 
friend  to  those  of  most  influence  who  are  the  friends  of 
Mr.  Bollan. 

I ask  your  pardon,  if  I have  used  too  much  freedom.  I 
meant  well  in  what  I have  done.  Herein,  as  well  as  in 
everything  else  within  my  power,  I would  approve  myself 
to  be  what  I really  am,  Your  sincere  friend  and  humble 
servant, 

Charles  Chauncey. 

P.  S.  The  Boston  associated  Pastors  join  with  me  in 
their  compliments  to  you,  and  thanks  for  your  endeavours 
to  serve  us.  C.  C. 

P.  S.  Mr.  Wm.  Hyslop,  treasurer  to  the  Commission- 
ers from  the  honorable  Society  in  Scotland  for  propagating 
Christian  knowledge,  will  send  you  by  this  opportunit}^,  a 
few  copies  of  a Sermon  preached,  in  this  town,  at  the  ordi- 
nation of  a Missionary  preacher  to  the  Mohawk-Indians.1 
You  will  dispose  of  them  as  may  best  serve  the  design  of 
Gospelising  those  poor  people.  There  seems  to  be  a pros- 
pect of  doing  service  among  them.  If  it  should  lie  in 
your  way  to  encourage  so  benevolent  a design,  you  would, 
I believe,  do  a Christian  work.  C.  C. 

[Memorandum,]]  Rev’d  Chas.  Chancey  Octo’r  12th  reed.  Decem’r  3d 
1762. 

1 All  Nation's  of  the  Earth  blessed  in  Christ,  the  Seed  of  Abraham.  A sermon 
preached  by  Chauncy,  August  31,  1762,  at  the  ordination  of  Rev.  Joseph  Bowman 
(1734-1806). 


C 73  □ 


17623 


Jasper  Mauduit 


JASPER  MAUDUIT  TO  HARRISON  GRAY1 

London,  October  27,  1762 

Sir, — I read  with  pleasure  your  Letter  of  the  nth  of 
August,  and  rejoice  in  the  opportunity  which  our  mutual 
concerns  afford  me  of  opening  a Correspondence  with  a 
Gentleman  of  your  known  Integrity  and  goodness.  The 
Zeal  which  animates  the  Gentlemen  of  your  province  to 
endeavor  the  Conversion  of  the  Canadian  Indians  is  truly 
commendable,  and  worthy  of  all  kind  of  Encouragement. 
As  an  individual  and  a friend  to  religion  and  Virtue  I must 
naturally  wish  success  to  your  undertaking.  And  this 
prompted  me  upon  the  first  notice  of  it,  sent  me  by  Mr. 
Oliver,  to  propose  to  the  New  England  Company  here,  the 
giving  something  as  a testimony  of  our  hearty  concurrence 
with  them.2  As  the  Agent  of  the  Province  I shall  certainly 
do  my  utmost  to  get  your  Charter  established.  Besides  all 
the  other  motives  which  your  letter,  and  Mr.  Secretary 
and  Mr.  Bowdoins  suggests  to  me,  there  is  one  other  Con- 
sideration, which  with  me  gives  it  a peculiar  propriety. 
Mary  declares,  that  the  winning  the  Indian  natives  of  the 
Country  to  the  knowledge  and  obedience  of  the  only  true  God 
and  Saviour  of  Mankind  and  the  Christian  faith,  was  what 
his  Royal  Majesty,  our  Royal  Grandfather,  King  Charles  the 
first  in  his  said  Letters  patent  declared  was  his  royal  intentions 
(and  the  adventures  free  Profession ) to  be  the  principal  End 

1 Mass.  Arch.,  lvi.  407. 

2 On  the  same  date  as  this  letter  the  English  Society  sent  the  following  resolution: 
“Resolved,  that  the  Treasurer  do  acquaint  Mr.  Oliver  that  tho’  the  Company  expressed 
their  willingness  to  allow  some  money  towards  the  new  Society  for  propagating  Christian 
knowledge  among  the  Indians  in  North  America,  they  did  not  expect  the  Commissioners 
would  have  appointed  money  for  that  purpose,  before  the  plann  they  went  upon  was  laid 
before  the  Company.”  ms.  in  the  Society’s  collections,  (013.24,  f.  17). 

n 74  3 


fasper  Mauduit 


C1762 


of  the  said  Plantation.  You  may  be  sure  that  I shall  urge 
this  with  its  full  force  in  the  proper  place,  and  I hope  that 
it  may  have  its  weight.  Thus  far  I can  act  with  Consist- 
ency; and  you  may  depend  upon  my  doing  my  utmost  to 
get  the  act  of  Incorporation  of  the  Society  confirmed.1  But 
you  will  yourself,  Sir,  easily  see  the  impropriety  of  my 
sollicking  Subscriptions  to  it,  when  I am  myself  not  only  a 
member,  but  Treasurer  of  another  more  antient  Society, 
founded  on  a Royal  Charter,  and  established  for  the  pro- 
moting the  very  same  end  and  purpose  with  this  new  one. 
How  much  soever  I may  have  to  offer  in  favour  of  your  new 
Society,  all  of  it  must  be  equally  applicable  to  our  own: 
and  it  would  therefore  be  acting  a very  inconsistent  part 
for  me  to  sollicit  for  any  other  in  preference  to  that  which 

1 The  history  of  the  attempt  to  obtain  articles  of  incorporation  for  a society  in  New 
England  for  propagating  Christian  knowledge  amongst  the  Indians  of  North  America  is 
given  in  Province  Laws,  iv.  562.  Mauduit  was  appointed  its  agent.  Mauduit  to  Bowdoin, 
October  27,  1762,  and  in  a letter  of  April  7,  1763,  he  gives  an  account  of  his  proceedings 
in  the  matter.  6 Collections,  ix.  9,  14. 

“Our  General  Court  has  lately  incorporated  a considerable  Number  of  persons 
here,  by  the  name  of  the  Society  for  propagating  Christian  knowledge  among  the  Indians 
of  N.  America:  of  which  Society  I am  a Member.  The  Act  of  Incorporation  is  sent  Home 
for  his  Majesty’s  Approbation,  without  which  it  cannot  take  Effect.  I shall  send  you  a 
Copy  of  it.  We  have  about  £2000  st.  already  inscribed  as  a fund.  We  are  not  without 
apprehensions  that  our  good  Friends  of  the  Church  of  E — d will  endeavor  to  obstruct 
this  scheme;  but  hope,  to  no  purpose.  If  our  charter  is  confirmed,  we  shall  endeavor  to 
get  our  Subscription  enlarged,  both  here  and  in  other  parts;  and  ta  apply  ourselves  to  this 
business,  in  the  prosecution  of  which  we  are,  however,  in  expectation  of  meeting  with 
many  difficulties.”  Jonathan  Mayhew  to  Thomas  Hollis,  April  6,  1762.  ms. 

A committee  of  the  Privy  Council  reported,  May  1 1,  against  the  act  of  incorporation, 
and  on  May  20  the  Council  accepted  the  report.  The  records  show  that  the  committee 
found  “that  this  Act  is  liable  to  the  following  objections  — Vizt.  1st.  That  the  operation 
of  the  Act,  though  the  Society  itself  would  consist  only  of  the  Inhabitants  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts, erected  by  an  Act  of  that  Province,  would  extend  beyond  the  Limits  of  the 
Province  itself.  2d.  That  so  extensive  a Power  given  to  One  Colony,  may  hereafter  in- 
terfere with  any  general  Plan  Your  Majesty  may  think  it  advisable  to  sue  for  the 
Management  of  Indian  Affairs  in  North  America:  Besides  which  the  Society  is  by  the 
Act  subject  to  no  Controll,  Audit  or  Examination,  though  they  are  made  capable  of  re- 
ceiving any  Grants  of  Lands  and  of  disbursing  sums  for  any  Services  to  a very  great 
Extent.”  Acts  of  the  Privy  Council  (Colonial),  1745-1766,  559. 


C 75  □ 


17623 


jasper  Mauduit 


I am  a Member  of.  I have  by  this  conveyance  wrote  as 
Treasurer  of  the  New  England  Company  to  Mr.  Oliver,  by 
whose  two  Letters  you  will  know  their  Sentiments.  I am, 
Sir,  your  most  Humble  Servant, 

Jasper  Mauduit. 

JAMES  OTIS  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  October  28th,  1762 

Sir,  — I very  gratefully  received  the  honor  of  your  most 
agreeable  favor  of  the  30th  of  July.  Your  letters  to  the 
Province  are  also  come  to  hand  and  afford  the  highest  sat- 
isfaction to  your  friends  here,  not  only  from  your  accept- 
ance of  the  agency,  and  the  kind  profession  you  are  pleased 
to  make  of  your  attachment  to  the  interest  of  this  Province, 
but  from  the  convincing  proofs  you  have  already  given  of 
this  attachment,  by  negotiating  our  affairs  with  so  great 
dispatch  and  success.  Our  pleasure  is  only  allayed  by  the 
consideration  of  the  ill  state  of  health;  which  I pray  God 
may  be  soon  mended.  It  is  with  pleasure  we  hear  you  are 
bless’d  with  a brother,  so  able  and  willing  to  assist  you  and 
us.  You  may  rely  upon  your  friends  doing  everything 
that  is  possible  to  bring  about  his  election  as  a joint  agent 
with  you.  That  this  will  finally  take  place  I have  no  great 
doubt.  But  the  difficulties  in  the  way  at  present  may 
partly  appear  from  my  former  letter.  I shall  in  this  be 
more  explicit.  Mr.  Bollan  tho’  not  a native  of  this  place, 
came  here  young,  and  by  the  reputation  he  afterwards 
gained  at  the  Bar,  and  a family  connexion  with  Mr.  Shir- 
ley, our  former  Governor,  whose  daughter  he  married,  be- 
came so  considerable  as  to  be  chosen  nominal  agent  for  the 
Province  about  the  year  1746;  but  in  fact  has,  in  the  opin- 
ion of  some,  ever  since  been  little  more  than  agent  for  his 

C 76  3 


Jasper  Mauduit 


D762 


father-in-law,  and  what  is  here  called  the  Shirlean  faction, 
a motley  mixture  of  high  church  men,  and  dissenters  who, 
for  the  sake  of  the  offices  they  sustain,  are  full  as  high  in 
their  notions  of  prerogative  as  the  churchmen.  At  the 
head  of  this  party  is  the  Lieutenant  Governor  who  by  the 
superficial  arts  of  intrigue,  rather  than  by  any  solid  parts, 
by  cringing  to  Governors  and  pushing  arbitrary  measures, 
has  so  far  recommended  himself  to  mr.  Shirley  and  to  our 
present  Governor  that  by  their  means,  tho’  he  was  bred  a 
merchant,  he  is  now  President  of  the  Council,  Chief  Justice 
of  the  Province,  Lieut.  General  and  Captain  of  castle  Wil- 
liam, the  Capital  fortress  in  the  Province,  [and]]  Judge  of 
the  Probate  of  Wills  for  the  County  of  Suffolk,  the  first 
County  in  the  Province.  Besides  this  he  has  filled  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Judicature  with  his  friends,  and  the  other 
Courts  with  his  relations  and  dependants.  How  incompat- 
ible these  offices  are  I need  not  tell  you.  How  the  subject 
groans  under  the  oppression  you  may  easily  guess.  This 
Gentleman  stood  candidate  against  you  last  spring,  and,  as 
I am  informed,  had  a promise  from  the  Governor  mr.  Ber- 
nard, induced  by  fear,  that  if  chosen  his  posts  here  should 
all  be  given  to  his  friends,  except  that  of  chief  Justice, 
which  was  to  lie  vacant  during  his  absence.1  The  Lieuten- 
ant Governor  had  rather  have  mr.  Bollan  agent  than  any 
man  living,  but  himself;  and  accordingly  has  ever  sup- 
ported mr.  Bollan,  with  all  his  might  against  everybody 
else.  But  whenever  he  has  had  any  prospect  of  succeeding 
himself,  mr.  Bollan  has  ever  been  deserted.  In  short  he 
thinks  going  home  agent  would  enable  him  to  get  the  Gov- 
ernment which  event  would  be  as  terrible  to  the  honest 
part  of  this  Province  as  a Volcano  or  an  Earthquake.  They 

1 In  1768  Bernard  suggested  that  Hutchinson  succeed  him  as  Governor.  Barring- 
ion-Bernard  Correspondence,  174. 


[77  3 


17623 


Jasper  Mauduit 


have  groaned  under  his  Tyranny  twenty  years  already. 
Upon  Mr.  Bollan’s  dismission  last  spring  there  arose  three 
partys.  Mr.  Bollan’s  friends  adhered  pretty  generally  to 
the  Lieutenant  Governor.  Mr.  Jackson  had  as  many  votes 
as  the  Governor  could  make.  The  rest  fell  to  your  share, 
which  as  I remember  were  about  sixty-five  out  of  ninety. 
The  Governor  never  made  so  small  a figure  as  in  this  affair, 
which  indeed  he  had  no  business  with;  the  house  having 
formerly  had  an  agent  of  their  own,  as  a check  upon  the 
Governor.  But  latterly  the  General  Court,  for  the  better 
promotion  of  peace  and  harmony,  have  joined  in  the  choice 
of  an  Agent,  and  so  the  Governor  has  had  a negative,  yet 
it  is  tho’t  too  officious  in  a Governor  to  interfere  at  least 
openly  in  the  election.  Mr.  Bernard  was  and  I believe  now 
is  against  Mr.  Hutchinson,  the  Lieutenant  Governor,  from 
the  motive  of  fear,  lest  he  might  thereby  obtain  the  Gov- 
ernment. He  was  for  Mr.  Jackson  from  views  of  interest 
hoping  in  him  to  have  a private  agent  of  his  own  invested 
with  a publick  character.  Mr.  Jackson  being  agent  for 
Connecticut,  to  say  no  more,  was  sufficient  to  defeat  his 
choice.  The  Lieut.  Governor  had  made  himself  dreaded 
by  his  enormous  strides  in  power,  and  the  lot  became 
yours.  The  Governor  very  reluctantly  consented  to  the 
choice.  A dissenting  agent  is  a bitter  pill  to  an  Oxonian , a 
bigot,  a Plantation  Governor,  whose  favorite  plans  are,  fill- 
ing his  own  pockets  at  all  hazards,  pushing  the  prerogative 
of  the  crown  beyond  all  bounds,  and  propagating  high 
church  principles  among  good  peaceable  Christians.  Per- 
haps you  may  wonder  at  this  after  the  hopes  I expressed 
in  my  first  letter  that  we  should  make  a convert  of  the 
Governor  but  we  are  now  convinced  he  is  gone.  You 
must  not  be  surprized  that  such  an  one  is  now  violent  in 
his  opposition  to  you  and  that  he  and  the  Lieut.  Governor 

C 78  3 


Jasper  Mauduit 


1:1762 


are  firmly  resolved  to  have  Mr.  Bollan  or  anybody  else 
rather  than  a dissenter.  However  their  efforts  will  be  vain 
and  fruitless  as  to  you.  Possession  is  eleven  points  of  the 
law.  But  as  to  your  brother  they  may  embarrass  us  at 
present.  Tho’  we  are  determined  to  try  our  interest  the 
next  session  which  will  be  in  January.  Should  we  fail  then, 
another  year  may  give  us,  what,  from  your  recommenda- 
tion, and  the  high  character  we  had  before  heard  of  your 
brother,  we  ardently  wish  for.  Mr.  Bernard  has  been  so 
imprudent  as  to  say  openly  upon  the  sight  of  your  letters 
to  the  Province  (which  whenever  directed  to  the  Secretary 
will  of  course  be  communicated  to  the  Governor  and  Coun- 
cil before  the  house  of  Representatives  see  them)  That  he 
supposed  the  General  Court  would  choose  your  brother  to  join 
you , but  if  they  should  he  would  certainly  negative  him.  How- 
ever this  we  regard  but  little,  for  if  we  can  get  a vote  in  the 
house,  it  will  be  as  much  as  the  Governor’s  salary  and 
quiet  are  worth  to  negative  him;  and  should  he  finally  do  it 
the  house  can  choose  and  support  him  as  their  agent,  which 
the  Governor  will  be  very  loth  to  drive  them  to,  unless  his 
love  of  power  has  made  him  mad  as  well  as  blind.  It  may 
not  be  amiss  to  observe  to  you  that  the  publick  letters  from 
our  agents  have  been  usually  directed  thus,  To  the  honble 
the  Speaker  of  the  honble  house  of  Representatives  of  the  Prov- 
ince of  the  Massachusetts  Bay  in  New  England.  They  may 
and  had  best  be  under  cover  to  the  Secretary  whose  busi- 
ness it  is  when  thus  directed  to  deliver  them  to  the  Speaker 
when  in  town,  or  else  to  the  eldest  member  for  the  City  of 
Boston,  without  presuming  to  open  them.  By  this  means 
your  letters  will  first  fall  into  the  hands  of  your  friends, 
and  not  into  the  hands  of  political  enemies  as  some  of 
yours  have. 

If  I must  speak  plain  Mr.  Secretary  is  as  much  attached 

C793 


17623 


Jasper  Mauduit 


to  the  Governor,  Lieut.  Governor  and  to  Mr.  Bollan,  as 
any  of  us  are  to  you;  and  by  all  accounts  has  communi- 
cated to  the  Governor  some  intelligence  about  this  arbi- 
trary step  in  granting  a charter  for  a New  College,  that  had 
better  have  been  entrusted  only  with  such  gentlemen  as 
Dr.  Chauncy,  Dr.  Mayhew,  and  the  Rev’d  and  very  worthy 
Mr.  Cooper:  We  are  very  much  obliged  to  Mr.  Hollis  of 
the  Royal  Society  for  the  handsome  manner  in  which  he 
has  mentioned  you  to  his  friends  here,  not  that  it  gives  us 
any  higher  opinion  of  you  than  we  had  before,  but  as  it 
serves  to  silence  gainsayers. 

I heartily  congratulate  you  on  the  success  you  have  had  v 
against  the  City  of  London. 

Please  to  make  my  sincere  tho’  humble  compliments  to 
your  brother,  to  whom  I shall  presume  to  address  myself 
the  first  leisure  hour  I have,  which  I fear  will  not  be  by 
this  conveyance. 

The  house  of  Representatives  are  fond  of  hearing  from 
their  agent  upon  all  occasions.  One  of  the  articles  against 
Mr.  Bollan,  among  many  others,  was,  that  they  could 
never  get  any  intelligence  from  him,  even  when  he  did  con- 
descend to  write  them.  If  you  keep  on  as  you  have  begun, 
in  this  and  all  other  respects  you  must  give  entire  satisfac- 
tion. A letter  now  and  then  to  the  whole  General  Court 
would  not  be  amiss;  but  the  house  of  Representatives  must 
be  your  constant  correspondent.  With  a Governor  we 
think  our  agent  beyond  meer  civility  has  little  to  do.  I 
hope  you  will  excuse  my  freedom  and  plainness  of  speech 
and,  when  you  find  me  unfaithfull,  deny  me  the  honor  of 
subscribing  your  most  Obedient  Obliged  Humble  Servant, 

James  Otis. 

[Memorandum,]  James  Otis  Jun’r.  28th  8r  1762. 

C 80  J 


Jasper  Mauduit 


C1762 


ANDREW  OLIVER  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  2d  November,  1762. 

Sir,  — The  Great  and  General  Court  in  their  late  Session 
in  September  last  directed  me  in  the  recess  of  the  Court  to 
prepare  an  account  of  the  Expences  in  the  Year  1761,  and 
transmit  it  to  you  as  soon  as  may  be.  I have  accordingly 
prepared  the  said  Account  and  sent  it  under  cover  herewith, 
the  Amount  of  which  is  £72,878.19.0!.  It  may  be  proper 
for  me  just  to  observe  to  you  that  although  Provision  was 
made  by  the  Court  for  raising  3000  Men  including  Officers, 
for  that  Year’s  Campaign,  and  the  Commissary  General 
provided  Blankets  and  other  Accoutrements  for  that  num- 
ber; yet  by  reason  of  deaths  and  desertions  the  whole  num- 
ber made  up  in  the  several  Rolls  amounted  to  no  more  than 
2783.  Of  these  591  Men  were  retained  to  keep  Garrison 
during  the  Winter:  And  the  General  made  a Requisition 
of  the  other  Provinces  of  a proportionable  Number  of  their 
Forces  for  the  like  Service.  The  Governor  has  wrote  to 
General  Amherst  for  his  Certificate  further  to  authenticate 
this  Account  which  will  be  transmitted  to  you  as  soon  as  it 
comes  to  hand.1 

I sent  you  by  Capts.  Cromartie  and  Jacobson,  Copies 
of  the  General’s  last  Certificate:  Mr.  Bollan  writes  the 

Court  that  on  the  23d  March  last  he  sent  the  Original  Cer- 
tificate under  cover  of  a Letter  to  Mr.  Martyn. 

It  appears  by  the  Accounts  sent  to  Mr.  Bollan  of  that 
Year’s  Service  that  there  was  the  greater  part  of  3 Regi- 
ments retained  in  the  Service  from  2d  November  1759  to 
1st  April  1760  whose  Pay  during  that  time  amounted  to 

1 A copy  of  a general  return  of  troops  furnished  in  1761  by  the  several  provinces  in 
North  America,  signed  by  Amherst,  is  in  Mass.  Arch.,  vi.  270.  It  credits  Massachusetts 
with  voting  3,220  men,  of  whom  2,637  took  the  field,  and  of  these  591  remained  in  service 
during  the  winter. 


C Si  □ 


17623 


Jasper  Mauduit 


£21,305.16.10,  and  the  Bounty  Money  for  re-inlisting  them 
to  £8,448.12.8.  But  you  are  doubtless  possessed  of  these 
Accounts  to  which  you  will  please  to  be  referred  for  fur- 
ther Information. 

Your  letters  of  10th,  17th  and  29.  July  have  been  duly 
received  and  communicated  to  the  Governor  and  Council, 
and  will  be  laid  before  the  General  Court  at  their  next  Ses- 
sion. I am  with  great  Regard,  Sir,  Your  most  obedient 
and  most  humble  Servant, 

And’w  Oliver. 

MILITARY  ACCOUNTS  FOR  1761 

By  his  Excellency  Francis  Bernard 
Esqr.,  Captain  General  and  Governor  in 
CSealJ  Chief  in  and  over  his  Majesty’s  Province 

of  the  Massachusetts  Bay  in  New  Eng- 
Fra.  Bernard  land;  and  Vice  Admiral  of  the  same. 

I do  hereby  Certify  that  Harrison 
Gray  Esqr.,  is  Treasurer  and  Receiver  General  of  the  Prov- 
ince above  said,  and  that  full  Faith  and  entire  Credit  is 
and  ought  to  be  given  to  his  Acts  and  Attestations  (as  on 
the  Paper  annexed). 

In  Testimony  whereof  I have  caused  the  Public  Seal  of 

the  Province  of  the  Massachusetts  Bay  aforesaid  to  be 

hereunto  affixed;  Dated  at  Boston  the  second  day  of 

November  1762.  In  the  Third  Year  of  his  Majesty’s  Reign. 

By  his  Excellency’s  Command.  . ^ 

A.  Oliver,  Secy. 

Account  of  the  several  Sums  advanced  by  the  Province 
of  Massachusetts  Bay  for  his  Majesty’s  General  Service  in 
the  year  1761. 

The  Pay  Rolls  of  the  several  Companies  as  passed  and 
allowed  by  the  Governor  with  the  Advice  and  Consent  of 

C823  ' 


Jasper  Mauduit 


[1762 


the  Council,  and  for  the  payment  whereof  Warrants  have 
been  drawn  on  the  Province  Treasury  as  follows  vizt. 

Colonel  Hoar’s  Regiment  employed  at  Crown  Point  etc. 
at  the  Westward. 


No.  of  Wages 

Men  Companies  Amount  of 


8 

Staff  Roll 

643 

19 

5 

73 

William  Barrons 

1070 

5 

6 

102 

James  Read 

1264  14 

n| 

62 

Abel  Keen 

926  18 

- 

73 

Lemuel  Dunbar 

1071 

3 

1 

70 

Ephraim  Holmes 

969 

11 

8 

90 

Jabez  Snow 

1372 

10 

6 

109 

Job  Williams 

1369 

13 

- 

83 

Barachiah  Bassett 

1124 

6 

5 

47 

Moses  Hart 

607 

2 

1 

88 

Josiah  Dunbar 

1223 

6 

- 

LO 

O 

1 00 

£11643 

10 

7\ 

Colo.  Saltonstal’s  Regiment  employed 

at  Crown  Point 

etc.  at  the  Westward. 

8 

Staff  Roll 

£625 

19 

- 

83 

Thomas  Farrington 

1199 

- 

3 

89 

Leonard  Whiting 

1295 

9 

9 

102 

Silas  Brown 

13 1 1 

12 

2 

101 

John  Nixon 

1298 

5 

5 

92 

James  Gray 

1115 

6 

7 

94 

William  Shepard 

1232 

13 

10 

81 

John  Taplin 

1087 

9 

4 

94 

Thomas  Cowdin 

1220 

14 

9 

79 

Edmund  Mooers 

978  15 

4 

103 

Jonathan  Carver 

1315 

7 

6 

926 

12680 

13 

11 

C 83  3 


U>|K  I tO|H 


t7623  Jasper  Mauduit 


Colo.  Thwing’s  Regiment  employed  at  Nova  Scotia: 


9 

Staff  Roll 

£699  6 

4 

106 

Johnson  Moulton 

1466  - 

1 

102 

Lemuel  Bent 

1466  6 

7 

100 

Simon  Jeffries 

G07  14 

- 

102 

Henry  Young  Brown 

1678  5 

2 

1 10 

Gideon  Parker 

1607  14 

- 

102 

Edward  Blake 

1586  18 

2 

103 

Giles  Harris 

1651  6 

9 

1 13 

Timothy  Hamant 

1709  10 

3 

103 

Moses  Parker 

1746  3 

2 

102 

John  Dunlap 

1595  8 

10 

1052 

£16714  13 

4 

Pay  Rolls  of  the  several  Regiments 

vizt. 

805 

Colo.  Hoar’s  Regiment 

£11643  10 

V 

926 

Colo.  Saltonstal’s  Regiment 

12680  13 

I 

1052 

Colo.  Thwing’s  Regiment 

16714  13 

t 

Pay  Roll  of  a Company  of  Invalids  left 
at  Crown  Point  under  Ensign  Byram 
from  20  Novem’r  1761  to  10  March 
1762 

27  Invalids  118  13  11 

The  following  Sums  have  also  been  paid 
out  of  the  Province  Treasury  for  the 
Service  aforesaid,  vizt. 

Bounty  Money  for  inlist- 
ing £24880  - - 

Billetting  before  the  Men 
received  the  Kings 
Provisions,  and  upon 
their  Return  1382  4 8 


[84] 


Jasper  Mauduit 


1:1762 


Allowances  to  Sick  and 
Wounded  Men,  and 
charges  of  Doctors, 


Nurses,  etc. 

615 

14 

I I 

Allowances  to  Officers  for 

inlisting  and  mustering 

Men 

00 

VO 

CO 

14 

IO 

Transporting  Men  and 

their  Baggage 

IO6 

13 

5 

Bounty  billetting  and 
Wages  paid  sundry 
Persons,  not  included 


in  the  above  Sums  56  8 11 

Sundry  contingent  charges  93  9 2 27503  5 11 

The  following  Sums  have  been  paid  by 
the  Commissary  General  for  the  Ser- 
vice aforesd.  vizt. 

3000  Blankets  @ 13/4  £ 2000 

3000  Haversacks  2/8  400 

3000  Wood  Bottles  8d  100 

300  Hatchets  and 
Helves  3/  45 

500  Tin  Kettles  3/8  91 

90  Great  Coats  26/8  120 

Transporting  Stores  162 

Medicines  and  Hospital 
Stores  981 

Subsisting  Men  to  their 
respective  Homes  99 

Nurses  for  the  Sick  9 

Cleaning  of  Arms  208 

£72878  19 

C 85  3 


13  4 

8 2 
2 11 

9 3 

15  4 

12  4 4218  1 4 


1762] 


Jasper  Mauduit 


Province  of  Massachusetts  Bay 

The  foregoing  Pages  contain  the  Account  of  the  Prov- 
ince aforesaid  for  the  Charge  of  the  Forces  raised  by  the 
said  Province  under  the  General  and  Commander  in  Chief 
of  his  Majestys  Forces  in  North  America  for  the  Year  1761 
amounting  to  Seventy  two  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
seventy  eight  pounds  nineteen  shillings  and  one  half  peny. 
And  I do  hereby  certify  that  Warrants  have  been  drawn 
on  the  Treasury  by  the  Governor  with  the  advice  and  con- 
sent of  the  Council  for  the  whole  Amount  of  the  foregoing 
Account.  For  the  Sums  charged  by  the  Commissary  Gen- 
eral, distinct  Warrants  were  not  drawn;  but  they  are  con- 
tained in  his  Account,  and  he  hereby  discharges  himself 
of  the  monies  advanced  to  him  out  of  the  Treasury  upon 
Warrants  from  the  Governor  with  the  Advice  and  consent 
of  the  Council. 

Harrison  Gray,  Treasr. 

Boston,  2d  November,  1762. 

JONATHAN  MAYHEW  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  Nov.  17,  1762. 

Hon’d  Sir,  — I lately  received  the  favor  of  yours  of  July 
31st,  by  which  I understand  you  had  received  mine  of 
April  26th.  I am  glad  you  do  not  wholly  decline  the  busi- 
ness of  an  Agent;  as  I doubt  not  your  Ability,  by  what  I 
have  heard  (and  particularly  by  what  Thomas  Hollis,  Esq. 
lately  wrote  to  me  concerning  your  activity,  connexion, 
etc.)  to  do  great  service  to  my  country  in  that  capacity. 
And  as  for  the  sincerity  of  your  inclinations  for  it,  I have 
not  the  least  doubt  in  that  respect.  I am,  however,  very 
sorry  to  understand,  that  your  health  is  so  imperfect  and 
precarious,  that  you  are  under  some  discouragement  on 
that  account.  I pray  God  to  restore  and  confirm  it  to  you. 
C86J 


Jasper  Mauduit 


D762 


I have  had  some  conversation  with  several  Gentlemen  of 
his  Majesty’s  council  of  this  Province,  respecting  what  you 
wrote  to  others  as  well  as  to  me  (and,  as  I understand,  to 
the  Government  here  also)  about  associating  your  worthy 
brother  with  you  in  the  Agency.  Those  gentlemen  will,  I 
am  pretty  sure,  be  favourers  of  this  proposal,  when  our 
General  Court  meets.  But,  by  what  I can  learn,  this  is 
likely  to  meet  with  great  opposition,  from  those  who  were 
against  Mr.  Bollan’s  dismission;  and  probably  from  some 
others,  thro’  an  apprehension,  that  if  your  brother  were 
join’d  with  you,  it  would  occasion  a very  considerable  addi- 
tional expence  to  the  Province. 

It  is  said  amongst  us,  that  He  was  the  Author  of  the 
Considerations  on  the  German  War , etc.  If  it  be  so,  I can- 
not but  say  that  I should  be  very  glad,  that  you  had  for 
an  Assistant  in  the  Agency,  a Gentleman  of  such  superior 
Abilities:  taking  it  for  granted  that  his  connexions  and  sen- 
timents in  other  respects,  are  such  as  you  have  represented 
them.  But  time  only  will  fully  discover  the  inclination  of 
the  major  part  of  our  general  Assembly. 

I rejoice  to  hear  that  the  tedious  cause  of  the  Protestant 
Dissenters  is  at  length  determined  in  their  favor.  And 
wish  there  was  reason  to  consider  this  as  a favourable 
Omen  of  the  removal  of  all  obstructions  in  the  way  to  their 
participating  in  those  civil  advantages  and  honors,  which, 
as  good  loyal  subjects,  and  in  all  other  respects,  they  have 
so  much  ground  to  think  their  natural  right.  But  I fear 
Diana,  once  so  great  at  Ephesus,  is  still  much  too  great  in 
England,  to  expect  any  such  turn  of  affairs.  What  you 
wrote  some  time  since  to  my  very  worthy  and  good  friend 
Dr.  Chauncy  of  this  Town,  has  superseded  the  occasion  for 
my  writing  to  you  about  a certain  affair,  as  I otherwise 
intended.  I am,  Sir,  with  very  great  Respect,  and  sincere 

n 87  u 


17^> 2H  jasper  Mauduit 

wishes  for  your  health  and  prosperity,  Your  most  Obedient 
Humble  Servant, 

Jonathan  Mayhew. 

P.  S.  Feb.  21,  1763.  Sir,  This  has  been  waiting  ever 
since  the  former  Date,  for  a convenient  Opportunity  of 
Conveyance.  Before  you  receive  it,  you  will  probably  have 
heard,  that  tho’  our  lower  House  of  Assembly  chose  your 
Brother  as  your  Assistant  in  the  Agency,  the  Vote  was 
non-concurr’d  by  the  Council,  thro’  the  influence  of  the 

G r.  Together  with  this,  I send  you  two  Sermons 

which  I lately  published,  to  the  Care  of  Thos.  Hollis,  Esq: 
of  which  I beg  your  kind  acceptance.1  I also  send  a Copy 
of  the  same  to  your  learned  Brother;  and  am,  Sir,  both 
Your  and  His  Very  Humble  Servant, 

J.  Mayhew. 

HARRISON  GRAY  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  December  8th,  1762. 

Sir,  — I wrote  you  by  Capt.  Davis  inclosing  you  an 
Account  of  the  Bills  of  Exchange  I had  then  drawn  on  you 
by  Order  of  Government  amounting  to  £42,162  Sterling 
since  which  I have  not  been  favoured  with  any  from  you. 

I now  inclose  you  a schedule  of  Bills  I have  drawn  on 
you  since  that  Time  to  the  Amount  of  £10,558,  which  the 
possessors  have  remitted  to  their  respective  Correspondence 
by  different  conveyances,  hope  they  have  met  with  due 
honour,  notwithstanding  you  have  had  no  Advice  from  me, 
the  Act  of  Government  and  the  Tenour  of  the  Bills  not 
requiring  that  I should  advise  you  of  my  Draughts  pre- 
vious to  your  paying  them,  however  as  such  advice  can  do 

1 Two  Sermons  on  the  Nature,  Extent  and  Perfection  of  the  Divine  Goodness.  Delivered 
December  9,  1762,  on  the  annual  thanksgiving  of  the  Province. 

C 88  J 


Jasper  Mauduit 


Ci  762 


no  harm  I now  send  it  to  you,  and  am  with  the  Utmost 
Sincerity,  Your  most  Obedient  and  most  humble  Servant, 

Harrison  Gray. 

ANDREW  OLIVER  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  20  December,  1762. 

Sir, — Your  Letters  of  23.  June,  10,  17  and  29  July  have 
been  laid  before  the  Governor  and  Council:  the  General 
Court  is  to  sit  on  the  12th  of  January.  In  the  meantime  I 
am  directed  by  the  Governor  and  Council  to  transmit  you 
Copies  of  the  Lieut:  Governor’s  Letters  to  Mr.  Bollan  of 
14  July,  1760,  and  6 June,  1761,  which  now  come  under 
cover  herewith;  together  with  Copies  of  2 Letters,  of  31 
October  and  21  November  last,  from  General  Amherst  to 
the  Governor;  all  which  may  serve  to  give  you  some  insight 
into  the  Province’s  demand  on  account  of  the  Winter  Ser- 
vice in  1759-60;  and  for  the  Men  who  served  under  Admiral 
Durell  in  the  River  St.  Lawrence  at  the  Reduction  of  Que- 
bec. I am,  Sir,  Your  most  obedient  humble  Servant, 

And’w  Oliver. 

P.  S.  I also  send  you  triplicate  of  General  Amherst’s 
Certificate  of  6 December  1761.  I have  your  favor  of  4 
October  a particular  Reply  to  which,  I must  beg  leave  to 
refer  to  some  future  opportunity. 

[Enclosures] 

Extract  of  a Letter  from  General  Amherst  to  his  Excel- 
lency the  Governor  dated,  New  York,  31  October,  1762. 

Sir!  — As  your  Letter  of  the  23d  September  came  to  hand 
about  the  time  of  your  setting  out  for  Penobscot  I deferred 
acknowledging  it  until  your  Return.  I am  now  to  acquaint 
you  that  having  received  directions  from  the  Lords  of  the 
Treasury  to  transmit  to  them  Certificates  of  the  number  of 

[89] 


17623 


Jasper  Mauduit 


Troops  levied,  cloathed,  etc.,  by  each  of  the  Provinces  for 
the  Service  of  the  Year  1760,  and  to  return  the  like  Certifi- 
cate for  every  Year,  I am  preparing  those  for  1760,  1761 
and  1762,  in  which  the  Massachusetts  Government  of 
course  will  be  included;  and  so  soon  as  they  are  ready,  I 
shall  transmit  the  whole  to  the  Lords  Commissioners  of  his 
Majesty’s  Treasury  agreeable  to  their  Lordship’s  directions. 
I am  with  great  regard  Sir  Your  most  obedient  humble 
Servant,  Jeff.  Amherst. 

New  York,  21  November,  1762. 

Sir!  — I had  last  night  the  favour  of  your  Letter  of  the 
nth  Instant:  You  may  remember  that  in  December,  1761, 
on  your  application  to  me  I transmitted  you  a Certificate 
of  the  number  and  time  of  Service  of  the  Troops  in  the  pay 
of  your  Province  during  the  Winter  1759-60  in  the  only 
method  I could  take  upon  me  to  certify.  The  Lords  Com- 
missioners of  the  Treasury  having  desired  Certificates  to  be 
returned  to  them  of  the  Troops  furnished  by  the  several 
Provinces  for  1760,  1761  and  1762,  as  I acquainted  you  in 
mine  of  the  31  Ultimo,  I have  accordingly  prepared  such, 
and  they  are  now  ready  to  go  by  the  first  oppertunity  to 
England.  As  to  signing  the  Rolls  made  out  by  your  Offi- 
cers, that  is  what  I can  by  no  means  do,  nor  can  I make 
any  Alterations  in  the  method  proposed  by  the  Lords  of 
the  Treasury,  which  I have  obeyed,  so  that  there  is  no 
occasion  for  Mr.  Goldthwait’s  1 coming  with  any  Papers 
relative  to  that  matter;  but  if  you  think  it  necessary  to 
send  him  for  the  Settlement  of  the  billetting  money,  which 
I hope  will  be  easily  adjusted,  I can  have  no  objection.  I 
am  with  great  Regards,  Sir,  Your  most  obedient  humble 
Servant,  Jeff.  Amherst. 

1 Thomas  Goldthwait. 

C903 


jasper  Mauduit 


[1763 


ANDREW  OLIVER  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  ii  January,  1763. 

Sir,  — I herewith  send  you  my  Bill  on  yourself  payable  to 
your  own  order,  and  pray  the  favour  of  you  to  send  me  a Bob 
Wig  for  myself  about  two  Guineas  price,  and  a fashionable 
Watch  for  my  Son  as  good  as  can  you  get  for  six  Guineas. 

I expect  I am  a small  matter  in  your  debt,  and  Mr.  Bol- 
lan  writes  me  that  he  had  omitted  a Guinea  which  he  paid 
towards  my  Commission:  if  it  be  agreeable  to  you,  please 
to  pay  him  the  Guinea  and  the  Ballance  of  my  Account  to 
Messrs.  Champion  & Hayley.  I am  Sir  Your  most  hum- 
ble Servant,  And’w  Oliver. 

Directions  for  the  Barber 

A Bob  Wig  for  Mr.  Oliver  of  a middling  size,  rather 
deep  in  the  head  and  large  in  the  Ribon,  than  any  ways 
under  size:  and  he  is  desired  to  keep  the  measure  by  him 
to  serve  hereafter. 

THE  SPEAKER  OF  THE  HOUSE  TO  JASPER 
MAUDUIT  1 

Boston,  29th  January  1763. 

Sir, — Your  Letter  to  the  Secretary  of  the  29th  of  June 
has  been  communicated  to  the  House  of  Representatives; 
I am  to  inform  you  that  the  House  entirely  approve  of 
your  Conduct,  and  are  highly  pleased  with  the  Success  of 
your  Applications  to  the  Treasury,  and  have  voted  you 
their  Thanks,  which  this  conveys:  Measures  are  taking 

that  the  Certificates  from  Sir  Jeffery  Amherst,  and  other 
Documents  you  require  in  support  of  the  Demand  for  the. 
Nova-Scotia  and  Louisbourg  Troops  may  be  transmitted 
you  as  soon  as  possible. 

1 This  letter  was  printed  in  the  Journals  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  January  29, 

1763. 


C91  n 


I763H 


fasper  Mauduit 


The  House  would  have  readily  complied  with  your 
Desire  of  joining  your  Brother  Israel  Mauduit,  Esq.  with 
you  in  the  Agency,  had  it  been  in  their  Power;  but  publick 
Oeconomy  and  Frugality,  at  all  Times  prudent,  are  by 
Reason  of  the  very  heavy  Burden  of  Debt  incurred  by  this 
Province  during  the  present  War,  rendered  absolutely  nec- 
essary, and  the  additional  Expence  of  another  Agent  is 
become  an  Object  of  great  Deliberation.1 

The  House  think  themselves  happy  in  your  Acceptance  of 
the  Trust,  and  rest  satisfied  that  the  Interests  of  the  Province 
are  at  present  quite  safe  in  the  Hands  of  a Gentleman  of 
your  Ability  and  Integrity.  The  House  will  however  at  all 
times  be  ready  to  gratify  their  Agent  in  any  Request  for 
his  Ease,  the  charge  of  which  they  may  be  able  to  support. 

In  the  meantime,  the  House  wish  you  Health,  and  Hap- 
piness and  Prosperity  in  all  your  Negotiations  for  yourself, 
and  for  Others.  Timo.  Ruggles,  Sp’kr. 

Sir,  — By  direction  of  the  Hon’ble  House  of  Representa- 
tives I inclose  the  within  written  Letter  to  you  by  the  first 
opportunity,  which  I wish  safe  to  your  hands.  I am  with 
proper  regard  Sir  Your  most  Obedient  Servant, 

Roland  Cotton, 
Cler.  Dom.  Rep. 

ANDREW  OLIVER  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  7 February,  1763. 

Sir,  — Your  Letters  of  23d  June,  the  10th,  17th  and  29th 
July  have  been  laid  before  the  General  Court,  and  I am 
directed  to  inform  you  of  their  great  Satisfaction  in  your 

1 The  House  on  January  17,  and  the  Council  on  the  19th,  voted  to  join  Israel  Mau- 
duit to  the  agency,  upon  the  “express  condition  that  the  Province  be  put  to  no  further 
expense  for  the  Agency,  than  if  this  appointment  had  not  been  made.”  Mass.  Arch., 
xxii.  269. 

C923 


Jasper  Mauduit 


Ci  763 

having  undertaken  the  Office  of  Agent  for  the  Province,  in 
which  they  make  no  doubt  your  endeavours  will  be  exerted 
to  promote  its  best  Interests  upon  all  Occasions. 

They  observe  you  had  receivd  £57,602.6.-  Sterling  for 
the  Province  Share  of  the  Parliamentary  Grant  of  £200,000 
made  to  the  Colonies  for  their  Services  in  1760,  with  which 
you  were  paying  the  Bills  outstanding  drawn  upon  Mr. 
Bollan  on  the  credit  of  the  preceeding  Year’s  Grant:  said 
outstanding  Bills  according  to  a List  delivered  you  by  him 
amounting  to  £3,007.  besides  a Bill  of  £150.  that  was  come 
to  hand,  not  included  in  said  List;  and  that  the  rest  was 
lying  at  the  Bank  for  the  Orders  of  the  General  Court. 

They  observe  also  you  had  procured  a Stoppage  to  be 
made  at  the  Treasury  out  of  said  Grant  of  £10,000.  to 
answer  the  Province  Claim  to  a Reimbursement  for  the 
Winter  Service  of  1759-60,  and  any  other  Claims;  and 
desire  to  be  furnished  with  General  Amherst’s  Certificate 
of  the  numbers  employed  in  that  Service,  or  with  Testi- 
monials at  least  as  authentic  as  those  of  any  other  Colony. 
It  gives  the  General  Court  a particular  pleasure  that  you 
have  been  able  to  succeed  thus  far  in  this  matter  notwith- 
standing the  clamorous  Remonstrances  of  those  who  ob- 
jected to  the  validity  of  the  Province  Claim. 

With  regard  to  a Certificate  from  General  Amherst, 
there  was  one  obtained  from  him  and  sent  to  Mr.  Bollan 
which  ’tis  presumed  you  are  possessed  of  before  this  time, 
or  of  copies  thereof  transmitted  you  by  the  Secretary. 
This  was  the  fullest  Certificate  that  could  be  procured 
from  the  General;  with  respect  to  which  you  are  referred 
to  a Letter  from  the  Lieut.  Governor  to  Mr.  Bollan,  dated 
the  19  December,  1761,  Copy  of  which  you  will  have  here- 
with. The  only  further  evidence  you  can  be  furnished 
with  in  this  Affair  is  an  authenticated  Copy  of  the  Pay 

C 93  3 


Jasper  Mauduit 


1763I] 

Rolls  of  the  three  Regiments  employed,  which  with  those 
of  the  Regiments  employed  in  1760  ’tis  apprehended  you 
have  receiv’d  from  Mr.  Bollan:  and  this  Evidence  from 

the  nature  of  it,  must  be  deemed  satisfactory  to  persons 
disinterested  (and  such  the  Lords  of  the  Treasury,  who  are 
to  judge  in  this  matter,  undoubtedly  are)  it  being  impossi- 
ble to  be  imagined  that  the  General  Court  would  throw 
away  the  Province  money  upon  persons  not  employed  in 
its  Service.  This  evidence  must  appear  further  satisfac- 
tory if  it  be  considered  that  the  Province  have  in  equity  an 
undoubted  right  to  a full  reimbursement  of  the  expence 
incurred  by  said  Winter  Service,  as  the  other  Colonies  did 
nothing  to  balance  it.  The  whole  expence  of  the  Service 
per  said  Rolls  is  £29,754.9.6.  lawful  money  of  the  Province 
equal  to  £22,315.17.1!  Sterling:  and  the  £10,000.  stopped 
being  very  inadequate  to  said  expence,  ’tis  not  doubted 
you’ll  be  able  to  procure  the  whole  of  it  for  the  Province. 
If  any  opportunity  should  offer  to  procure  satisfaction  for 
the  remainder  of  this  most  righteous  Claim  the  General 
Court  relys  upon  you  to  embrace  it.  They  would  recom- 
mend to  you  to  endeavour  to  procure  it  out  of  the  grant 
for  1761,  or  if  the  Grant  for  1762  should  not  be  made,  you 
might  petition  the  Parliament,  that  in  the  apportioning 
said  Grant,  this  Claim  may  be  admitted.  What  you  think 
the  best  method,  you  will  please  to  pursue. 

With  regard  to  your  request  that  your  Brother,  Israel 
Mauduit,  Esq.  may  be  joined  with  you  in  the  Commission 
and  Power  of  Agent,  the  General  Court,  altho’  they  are 
greatly  disposed  to  give  you  all  the  ease  and  satisfaction  in 
their  power,  yet  think  it  inconvenient  at  this  time,  that 
there  should  be  two  Agents;  but  shall  always  kindly  resent 
your  Brother’s  Friendship,  in  using  his  Interest  for  the 
Service  of  the  Province. 

C943 


Jasper  Mauduit 


D763 


This  Letter  prepared  by  the  direction  of  the  General 
Court  is  sent  you  in  their  name  and  by  their  Order.  I am, 
Sir,  Your  most  obedient  and  most  humble  Servant, 

And’w  Oliver. 

JAMES  OTIS  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  February  14th,  1763. 

I am  to  inform  you,  that  agreeable  to  your  request,  we 
have  used  our  best  endeavors  to  have  your  worthy  brother 
Israel  Mauduit,  joined  with  you  in  the  Agency.  We  once 
obtained  a vote  for  it  in  the  house,  but  it  being  by  a bare 
majority  the  Council  non-concurred ; so  it  was  sent  down 
and  time  gained,  and  every  art  used  by  the  Governor  and 
his  dependents,  to  prevent  the  house  from  adhering  to  their 
own  vote.  But  it  would  all  have  been  in  vain,  had  not  the 
objection,  of  the  expence  of  two  agents,  or  a double  expence 
been  play’d  off.  We  could  not  assure  the  house  that  no 
additional  expence  would  accrue,  and  therefore  failed.  The 
Governor,  Lieut.  Governor  and  the  Secretary  were  your 
most  strenuous  opposers,  and  all  under  pretence  of  a prior 
appointment  or  encouragement  of  Mr.  Jackson  who  I 
believe  will  never  be  agent  for  this  Province.  He  is  not  so 
much  as  standing  Council,  tho  in  one  of  yours  you  seem 
to  consider  him  in  that  view.  It  was  only  recommended  to 
you  to  advise  with  that  gentleman  in  matters  of  law;  and 
even  this  was  done  as  a Compliment  to  the  Governor.  You 
have  notwithstanding  any  such  recommendation  a right  as 
I conceive  to  advise  with  any  other  person.  It  may  be 
your  duty  in  some  cases  to  do  so.  The  Lieut.  Governor 
will  be  Agent  rather  than  Mr.  Jackson.  Tho  the  Governor 
is  made  to  think  that  he  is  a fast  friend  to  Mr.  Jackson’s 
election.  Some  of  the  Governor’s  dependents  and  the  Lieut. 
Governor’s  tools  have  gone  great  lengths  not  only  in  abus- 

c 95  n 


fasper  Mauduit 


1763U 

ing  your  and  your  brother’s  Characters;  but  one  of  them 
namely  Thomas  Goldthwait  (called  here  Secretary  at  Warr, 
a new  office  of  our  present  Governor’s  creation)  publickly  in 
the  house  of  Representatives,  upon  my  mentioning  your 
brother’s  character  and  connexions,  and  among  other  things 
that  he  had  the  honor  to  be  known  to  Lord  Bute,  said,  “ it 
was  no  credit  to  be  known  to  Lord  Bute,  for  his  Lordship  was 
the  author  of  all  the  disturbances  in  England ,”  or  words  to 
that  effect.  We  don’t  know  much  about  the  great  ones  at 
this  distance,  but  it  seems  a little  strange,  to  some  here, 
that  most  of  the  King’s  civil  officers  here,  especially  the 
higher  ones,  make  it  so  much  their  business  to  impress 
unfavorable  sentiments  of  that  Nobleman.  You  will  find 
there  is  a little  paper  war  commenced  here  in  which  I am 
sorry  you  are  concerned  and  fear  it  will  give  you  pain  but 
it  was  unavoidable.  Your  great  back  friends  at  Court  not 
content  with  abusing  you  more  privately,  at  last  got  pub- 
lished an  advertisement  pretending  to  excuse  the  suppress- 
ing a piece  relating  to  the  ignorance  and  incapacity  of  Mr. 
Agent  Mauduit,  the  name  at  full  length.1  This  you  may 
be  assured  raised  the  indignation  of  your  real  friends.  The 
papers  are  inclosed  and  need  no  further  Clue.  I really  fear 
this  poor  Province  will  be  undone  under  the  present  admin- 
istration, which  is  the  weakest  and  most  arbitrary  that  we 
have  known  since  the  Revolution.  If  either  the  Governor 

1 “A.  Z.’s  Piece  relating  to  Mr.  Mauduit’ s being  chose  Agent  for  this  Province  at  the 
Court  of  Great  Britain,  and  of  his  Ignorance  of  public  Affairs,  we  think  not  prudent  to 
publish;  at  least  not  till  the  Author  discovers  himself  in  order  to  vouch  for  the  Truth  of 
the  Facts  therein  asserted,  in  case  there  should  be  Occasion  for  it.”  Boston  Evening  Post, 
January  24,  1763.  In  the  Boston  Gazette,  January  17,  had  appeared  a communication 
showing  how  much  Mauduit  had  saved  the  Province  by  securing  a deduction  from  the 
stoppage  on  a payment  from  the  Treasury  on  Massachusetts’  account,  and  the  discussion 
of  the  comparative  merits  of  the  two  Agents  continued  in  the  issues  of  January  24  and 
31.  A.  Z.’s  piece  appears  to  have  been  printed,  but  I do  not  find  it  in  any  of  the  four 
Boston  newspapers  of  that  time. 

C96H 


Jasper  Mauduit 


Ci  763 


could  be  removed  to  some  better  place,  and  a wiser  man 
sent  in  his  room,  that  would  act  for  himself,  or  if  the  Lieut. 
Governor  could  be  confined  to  any  one  or  two  great  posts, 
as  Chief  Justice  or  anything  but  Governor  in  Chief,  we 
might  doe  well  enough.  But  while  he  has  all  the  real  power 
of  the  Province  in  his  hands  but  the  militia  a much  wiser 
Governor  than  I have  yet  seen  must  submit  to  him  or  live 
in  perpetual  broils.  Our  case  is  similar  to  that  of  New  York 
in  Lieut.  Governor  De  Lancy’s  time  who  for  years  made 
every  Governor  his  dupe  or  leave  the  Province.  It  is  to 
me  very  disagreeable  to  trouble  you  with  these  things.  I 
have  no  view  to  my  own  interest.  My  country  groans 
under  many  oppressions.  Many  more  seem  to  be  impend- 
ing, which  I am  sure  so  gracious  a sovereign  as  ours  can 
never  be  supposed  to  permit.  We  are  at  a great  distance 
from  the  Throne,  but  we  conceive  ourselves  entitled  to  all 
the  Priviledges  of  British  subjects.  The  laws  of  England 
give  us  these  priviledges,  and  England  will  ultimately  be 
hurt  by  the  growth  of  arbitrary  power  in  the  hands  of  plan- 
tation Governors. 

I assure  myself  no  such  use  will  ever  be  made  of  my  let- 
ters as  to  give  me  the  trouble  of  fending  and  proving  with 
our  Gentry  here,  but  for  which  I should  not  care  who  see 
them.  I am  your  most  obedient  humble  Servant, 

James  Otis. 

HARRISON  GRAY  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  February  19th,  1763 

Sir,  — Your  public  Letter  of  the  27th  of  October  via  New 
York  came  to  hand  in  due  season,  the  bill  No.  101  for  One 
hundred  pounds  not  being  included  in  the  421  and  2 was 
not  owing  to  any  Mistake  of  my  Clerks  it  not  being  drawn 
till  after  I had  sent  you  an  Account  of  what  bills  I had 

C97U 


17633 


Jasper  Mauduit 


drawn  by  Capt.  Davis,  upon  looking  over  the  Copy  I found 
I had  numberd  none  of  my  bills  with  that  number  and 
therefore  I prefixed  it,  to  the  above  mentioned  bill  of  £100 
sold  to  Royal  Tyler  Esq. 

I presume  long  before  now  you  have  rec’d  a Schedul  of 
bills  drawn  on  you  since  the  nth  August  amounting  to 
10,558;  since  which  I have  drawn  only  One  sett  of  the  23d 
December  in  favour  of  John  Tyng  for  One  hundred  pounds. 
I shall  draw  for  the  remainder  in  a few  days.  Sir,  Your 
most  Obedient  humble  Servant,  H.  Gray. 

THE  SPEAKER  OF  THE  HOUSE  TO  JASPER 
MAUDUIT 

Boston,  22nd  February,  1763 

Sir,  — William  Bollan  Esqr.  the  late  Agent  for  this  Prov- 
ince having  made  diverse  Stoppages  of  considerable  Sums 
out  of  the  Parliamentary  Grants,  without  giving  any  Ac- 
count or  Reason  therefor, 

You  are  therefore  directed  to  demand  an  Account  of 
the  said  Mr.  Bollan  of  the  said  Stoppages  and  the  Reasons 
thereof, 

And  to  transmit  such  Accounts  as  you  may  receive  for 
the  Consideration  of  the  House  by  the  first  Opportunity. 

I am,  in  behalf  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  Your 
most  humble  Servant,  Timo.  Ruggles,  Sp’kr. 

Sir,  — I am  directed  to  forward  this  Letter  to  you  which 
I now  do.  And  am  Your  most  Obedient  Servant, 

Roland  Cotton,  Cler.  Dom.  Rep. 

JASPER  MAUDUIT  TO  THE  SPEAKER1 

London,  April  8,  1763 

Sir,  — I have  the  honor  of  your  Letter  of  the  7th  of  Feb- 
ruary, prepared  by  the  Direction,  and  sent  in  the  name  of 


1 Mass.  Arch.,  civ.  249. 

C 98  □ 


Jasper  Mauduit 


Ci  763 


the  General  Court,  in  answer  to  mine  of  the  10th,  17th,  and 
28th  of  July.  It  gives  me  great  Satisfaction  to  find  that 
the  General  Court  are  pleased  with  my  having  been  able 
to  succeed  so  far  as  to  obtain  out  of  the  £200,000  granted 
by  parliament  a stoppage  of  £10,000,  to  answer  the  Claims 
for  the  Winter  service  of  the  year  1759-60.  It  gives  me 
the  more  Satisfaction  when  I recollect  that  this  was  a 
Claim  which  had  been  given  up  as  desperate;  and  which 
the  Treasury  board  in  a former  year  1 (as  appeared  by  the 
Letters)  had  refused  to  take  any  notice  of.  But  I am  not 
sensible  that  in  any  of  my  Letters  I have  said  anything  to 
warrant  any  sanguine  hopes  of  my  obtaining  the  whole  of 
this  £10,000,  in  opposition  to  the  Agents  of  all  the  other 
provinces,  who  are  putting  in  their  claims  to  a part  of  it; 
and  much  less  of  obtaining  the  remainder  of  your  charge 
by  any  other  measures.  It  was  with  a more  especial  view 
to  this  contest,  that  I particularly  wish’d  to  have  my 
brother’s  Assistance;  because  I knew  that  the  additional 
weight  of  his  Interest  might  be  of  service  to  the  province, 
without  adding  to  the  Expense  of  it.  I have  got  Mr.  Mar- 
tin to  find  out  General  Amherst’s  Certificate,  but  you  will 
recollect  what  were  the  Sentiments  about  the  defects  of 
said  Certificate,  express’d  in  the  Letter  of  the  19th  Decem- 
ber, 1761,  which  gives  an  account  of  the  first  obtaining  it. 
I shall  do  my  utmost,  however,  to  urge  the  authority  of  it, 
as  far  as  it  will  go.  But  as  the  principal  object  of  the  advice 
contained  in  this  Letter  seems  to  be  the  recommending  to 
me  the  procuring  satisfaction  for  the  remainder  of  the 
claim,  and  the  petitioning  first  the  Board  of  Treasury,  and 
then  the  parliament  for  that  purpose,  I hope  that  I shall 
not  incur  the  displeasure  of  the  General  Court,  if  I do  not 
immediately  follow  their  Directions. 

1 In  the  margin  is  written  “July,  1762.” 


C99n 


17633 


Jasper  Mauduit 

As  to  the  petitioning  the  Treasury  to  have  any  part  of 
the  provinces  charges  for  the  Winter  1759-60  deducted  out 
of  the  compensation  granted  to  all  the  Colonies  for  the 
Year  1761,  I have  before  observed  to  you,  in  my  Letters  of 
the  17th  of  July,  that  it  is  not  in  the  power  of  the  Treasury 
to  take  the  Money  granted  for  one  service,  and  give  it  to  any 
other  service,  than  that  to  which  the  bill  had  appropriated  it. 

And  as  to  my  petitioning  Parliament,  I am  sorry  to  find 
that  the  General  Court  are  not  sufficiently  informed  of  the 
Nature  of  such  an  Application.  There  is  no  one  standing 
order  of  the  house  of  Commons  more  strictly  adhered  to, 
than  the  order  that  no  Petition  for  money  can  be  received 
there,  unless  the  proper  officer  of  the  Crown  (which  is  com- 
monly the  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  or  some  Lord  of 
the  Treasury)  stand  up  in  his  place,  and  signify  to  the 
house  that  his  Majesty  has  been  acquainted  with  that  peti- 
tion, and  recommends  to  them  the  contents  of  it.  Under 
these  Circumstances  the  General  Court  will  easily  reflect 
how  difficult  a thing  it  will  be  to  persuade  a Lord  of  the 
Treasury  to  recommend  our  petition,  first  to  his  Majesty, 
and  then  to  the  house  of  Commons;  when  that  petition 
must  from  the  nature  of  it  be  founded  on  the  supposition, 
that  the  Lord  of  the  Treasury  had  not  done  us  justice. 

I might  indeed  alledge,  as  the  Letter  does,  that  the 
£10,000  stop’d  is  very  inadequate  to  the  Sum  claim’d.  But 
I fear  that  any  Lord  would  tell  me  that  the  proportion  which 
£10,000  bears  to  £29,000  is  greater  than  that  of  £60,000  to 
£186,000.  And  that  the  annual  parliamentary  Grants  have 
never  much  exceeded  the  proportion  of  one-half  of  the  sum 
total  of  the  several  provinces’  claims.  You  will  consider, 
therefore,  whether,  when  the  other  Colonies  are  content 
with  the  Compensation  allotted  them,  of  about  the  half  of 
their  Expences,  it  would  not  be  showing  the  province  in  a 

C ioo3 


Jasper  Mauduit 


D763 


very  disadvantageous  Light  to  present  a petition  to  par- 
liament setting  forth  that  we  are  content  with  nothing  less 
than  the  whole  of  ours.  On  the  other  hand,  after  such  a 
fruitless  application,  and  attempting  at  more  than  we  can 
support,  whether  there  would  not  be  just  ground  of  appre- 
hending, that  the  Board  of  Treasury  might  be  disposed  to 
allot  us  so  much  the  less  share  of  the  £10,000,  for  our  having 
thus  publickly  arraigned  the  Equity  of  their  proceedings. 

These  are  the  reflections  which  unavoidably  presented 
themselves  upon  reading  the  advice  to  petition  parliament: 
and  I thought  it  my  duty  to  point  out  to  the  General  Court 
the  impropriety  of  such  a measure. 

Upon  the  whole,  therefore,  tho’  I shall  always  pay  the 
greatest  deference  to  everything  which  is  contained  in  your 
Letters;  yet  as  I fear  that  the  General  Court  must  have 
been  inadvertently  misled  into  the  Giving  me  this  advice; 
I hope  that  they  will  acquit  me  of  the  want  of  respect,  if  I 
do  not  immediately  petition  parliament,  but  wait  for  their 
farther  directions,  before  I take  so  hazardous  and  unwar- 
rantable a step. 

I have  heard  nothing  since  my  last  from  the  Treasury 
upon  this  Subject.  But  the  Agents  are  to  have  a meeting 
upon  it  next  Week.  I have  from  the  beginning  said  that 
the  final  determination  must  rest  with  the  Lords  of  the 
Treasury.  All  which  I can  promise  is,  as  far  as  my  health 
will  permit  me,  to  pay  the  utmost  attention  to  your  Inter- 
est: And,  as  we  now  see  that  there  can  be  no  hope  of  a 
recovery  by  any  after  Game,  to  manage  this  first  Game  so 
much  the  more  cautiously.  I am,  with  the  highest  regard 
for  the  General  Court,  your  most  Obedient,  Humble,  Ser- 
vant Jasper  Mauduit. 

The  Bill  for  lowering  the  Duty  on  French  Molasses  is 
put  off  till  another  Year. 


C 101  1 


17633 


Jasper  Mauduit 


ACCOUNT 


Dr. 
1762 
June  24 


Province  of  Massachusetts  Bay 


To  Cash  pd.  Mr.  Bollan’s 
Clerk  sort’g  his  Papers  for 
me  £1.1.- 

July  9 To  do.  pd.  for  Copy  of  a 

Minute  of  the  Treasury  I.  1.— 

22  To  do.  Fees  to  the  Treasury 

Clerk  on  my  rec’g  the 
Warrant  15.15.— 

23  To  do.  Copy  of  a Minute  of 

the  Lords  I.  I- 

27  To  do.  Entering  my  Power  at 

the  Auditor’s  Office  2.  2.- 

To  do.  Fees  one  Guinea  pr. 

Thousand  on  the  Rec’g  to 
£57,602.6.0.  at  the  Pay 
Office  59.17.- 

To  do.  14  Bills  on  Mr.  Bollan  3157.  — 
To  do.  Interest  on  ditto  as 

pr.  Bill  Acco’t  103.18.7 

To  do.  Door  keepers  of  the 
Treasury  1.  1- 

To  do.  174  Bills  by  H. 

Gray,  Esq.  on  Jasper 
Mauduit  from  No.  1 to 
174  53820. 

To  do.  Chamber  and  Door- 
keepers at  Plantation 
Office  2.  2- 


29 


30 


1763 

Janry. 

March 

April 


To  do.  Copys  of  Gen’l. 

Amherst  Certificates 
To  do.  Doorkeepers 
To  do.  Paid  Copies  of 
Papers  at  Plantation 
Office 

To  Commission  rec’g  and 
pay’g  £57,602  at  1 per 
cent. 


3-  3" 
x.  1- 


3-13-6 


576 


57.748.16.1 


1 Mass.  Arch.,  civ.  252. 

[ 102  3 


with  Jasper  Mauduit,  Agent1  Cr. 
1762 

July  27  By  Cash  receiv’d 
the  Compensa- 
tion for  the  Year 
1760  £57,602.  6.- 


1763 

April 


By  Ballance  due  to 
me  Carried  to 
next  Year’s  Ac- 
count 146.10.1 


57.748.16.1 


April  25th,  1763. 

Errors  Excepted. 

Jaspr  Mauduit 


Jasper  Mauduit 


Ci  763 


HARRISON  GRAY  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  May  3d,  1763 

Sir,  — Our  good  friend  Doc’r  Mayhew  tells  me  he  has  sent 
you  by  this  Conveyance,  his  Observations  on  the  Charter 
and  Conduct  of  the  Society  for  the  propagation  of  the  Gos- 
pel in  Foreign  Parts.1  The  Doc’r  has  done  himself  great 
Honour  by  writing  this  piece.  I think  I never  knew  any 
performance  of  a Controversial  nature  meet  with  so  general 
approbation  and  applause,  excepting  among  some  bigoted 
high  Churchmen,  who  most  sincerely  Curse  it.  Gentlemen 
of  the  best  sence  and  learning  here,  think  that  the  Doctor’s 
Arguments  are  conclusive.  And  I can’t  but  think  that  it’s 
being  reprinted  in  London  and  dispersed  among  the  Dis- 
senters will  be  of  eminent  service  to  the  dissenting  Interest, 
they  will  no  longer  be  gull’d  out  of  their  money  to  support 
Episcopacy  in  America. 

The  performance  was  sudden,  and  as  the  Doctor  had 
several  Avocations,  and  in  his  Correcting  the  press,  the 
Main  Argument  being  what  chiefly  engaged  his  Attention,  he 
let  several  immaterial  Errors  escape  his  notice,  and  in  page 
54  he  has  mentioned  Portsmouth  and  it  should  have  been 
Newport,  which  you  will  be  so  good  as  to  correct  if  it  should 
have  an  impression  with  you.  My  Compliments  to  your 
Brother  and  believe  me  to  be  with  the  utmost  sincerity, 
Your  most  Obedient  Humble  Servant,  H.  Gray. 

P.  S.  If  the  Doctor’s  observations  should  be  reprinted 
will  you  be  so  good  as  to  send  me  50  Copies  and  I will  with 
pleasure  repay  you. 

[Memorandum,]  H.  Gray.  May  3d,  1763.  reed.  June  16,  1763. 


1 See  next  page. 


C 103  3 


1763] 


jasper  Mauduit 


DR.  MAYHEW’S  “OBSERVATIONS”1 

In  1701  King  William  III  granted  a charter  to  a “Soci- 
ety for  the  propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  foreign  parts.” 
The  terms  of  the  charter  were  general,  and  the  Society 
could  act  in  almost  any  part  of  the  British  dominions  where 
provision  for  a ministry  fell  short  of  what  was  needful  to 
the  support  of  an  orthodox  clergy.  The  principal  grounds 
for  instituting  the  Society  was  to  combat  atheism  and  infi- 
delity in  the  plantations  and  colonies  beyond  the  seas,  and 
to  discourage  the  labors  of  “divers  Romish  priests  and 
jesuits”  who  sought  to  “pervert  and  draw  over  our  said 
loving  subjects  to  Popish  superstition  and  idolatry.”  Sixty 
years  after  the  Society  began  to  fulfil  its  purpose,  some  of 
the  orthodox  in  New  England  came  to  believe  that  the 
funds  of  the  Society  were  being  applied  to  support  the 
church  of  England  party  and  to  undermine  the  congrega- 
tional and  presbyterian  churches  among  them.  Episco- 
pacy was  promoted  in  opposition  to  the  New  England 
churches.  In  1761  thirty  representatives  of  the  Society 
were  stationed  in  the  more  populous  towns  of  New  England, 
although  thirty-five  were  in  New  York,  New  Jersey  and 
Pennsylvania,  and  fourteen  in  the  more  southern  colonies 
and  the  West  Indies.  Mayhew  asserted  that  the  Society 
“ robbed  the  heathen,  the  slaves  and  the  heathenish  colo- 
nies [of  the  south],  who  had  an  exclusive  right,  according 
to  the  charter,  to  the  benefit  of  that  very  money  which  has 
been  sunk  in  the  episcopal  gulph  here,  where  the  people 
actually  ‘had  the  means  of  religion  in  other  protestant 
communions.’”  Observations,  no.  To  correct  this  ten- 
dency, as  well  as  to  work  for  the  conversion  of  the  heathen, 

1 Note  by  the  Editor. 

C 104 1 


Jasper  Mauduit 


[1763 


some  in  Massachusetts  asked  the  General  Court  for  a char- 
ter.1 

At  once  a controversy  arose  over  the  conduct  of  the  Eng- 
lish Society.  Rev.  East  Apthorp,  fellow  of  Jesus  College, 
Cambridge,  and  missionary  of  the  Society  in  Cambridge, 
N.  E.,  wrote  a pamphlet  Considerations  on  the  Institu- 
tion and  Conduct  of  the  London  corporation,  and  it  was 
printed  early  in  1763.  Rev.  Dr.  Mayhew  took  up  the  chal- 
lenge, and  hastily  prepared  for  publication  a much  larger 
tract  — Observations  on  the  Charter  and  Conduct  of  the  Soci- 
ety, etc.  Published  in  April,  1763,  Mayhew  sent  a copy  to 
Hollis,  suggesting  that  a reprint  in  London  “might  be  of 
service  in  more  respects  than  one.”  He  continued:  “Just 
as  these  Observations  came  out  of  the  Press,  we  had  authen- 
tic advices  here,  that  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  and 
the  pious  Society  aforesaid,  made  great  opposition  to  our 
newly  incorporated  Society  in  America  receiving  the  royal 
Approbation.  So  that  it  seems  that  they  will  neither  do 
anything  considerable  themselves  towards  civilizing  and 
Christianizing  the  Indians,  nor  allow  us  to  do  it,  if  they 
can  prevent  it!” 

An  English  edition  appeared  late  in  1763.  Of  this  Hollis 
wrote,  December  6:  “Among  the  tracts  are  two  copies 
of  the  Observations,  with  East  Apthorp’s  publication  annexed 
to  them;  which  have  been  republished  here,  in  reality,  tho’ 
under  a feigned  name,  by  A.  Millar,  Printer  to  the  Episco- 
pal Society  for  propagating  the  Gospel  in  foreign  parts; 
and  it  is  apprehended,  with  tolerable  exactness. 

“To  have  republished  The  Observations  earlier,  in  the 
Summer,  when  the  Town  was  empty,  would  have  been  to 
little  purpose,  other  than  to  have  had  them  disregarded 
wholly  as  old  in  the  Winter.  And  to  have  omitted  Apthorp’s 


1 See  p.  70,  supra. 


C 105  3 


Jasper  Mauduit 


1763H 

tract  might  have  occasioned  some  persons  to  suspect  a 
truth  and  importance  in  it,  which  it  certainly  has  not.  But 
now,  both  are  seen  at  least,  in  some  degree,  and  judged 
and  talked  of.  I confess  to  have  spoken  to  A.  Millar  about 
this  Republication,  and  to  have  lent  him  the  tracts  for  his 
perusal  to  that  end.  Having  read  them  he  acknowledged 
the  warping  commendam  art  of  one  writer;  and  the  intelli- 
gent, faithful,  manly  fervor  of  the  other  writer,  with  the 
greatness  and  excellence  of  his  Cause:  But  said  the  Obser- 
vations were  unlikely  to  meet  a current  sale  from  their  size 
and  from  the  times.  He  then  proposed  the  giving  an 
abridgment  of  them;  as  had  proposed  earlier,  in  private 
conversation,  a learned  ingenuous  friend  of  mine.  To  that 
I had  many  objections;  and  would  not  suffer  for  the  origin- 
ality, spirit,  character  of  a very  fine  tract,  which  from  its 
compass,  warmth,  might  be  deemed  too  diffused  in  some 
few  respects,  to  be  broke  in  upon,  or  altered,  or  endangered, 
in  any  shape. 

“At  length,  after  various  meetings,  it  was  agreed  that 
the  Observations  should  be  printed  intire,  by  Millar,  tho’ 
anonimously;  and  that  from  Candor  and  a good  Cause 
Apthorp’s  tract  should  be  added  to  them:  and  thus  they 
appeared  at  the  meeting  of  the  Parliament. 

“In  the  whole  of  this  affair  Mr.  Millar  behaved  hand- 
somely. And  if  I went  out  of  my  usual  course  in  it,  it  was 
purely  to  help  on  a noble  cause,  tho’  in  a small  degree,  and, 
sir,  to  evidence  my  respect  to  you.” 

That  Millar  should  imagine  that  in  reprinting  the  Obser- 
vations he  was  doing  a service  to  the  Society  is  hardly  pos- 
sible. The  appearance  of  the  tract  in  London  called  out  a 
reply  which  was  almost  immediately  ascribed  to  the  pen 
of  Thomas  Seeker,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  a well- 
known  advocate  of  an  American  episcopacy.  Hollis  wrote 
[106;] 


Jasper  Mauduit 


Ci  763 

October  10,  1764:  “That  ‘Answer’  some  pretend,  ‘was  the 
Production  of  Dr.  Burton,  Rector  of  St.  Peter’s  poor  corn- 
hill,  Canon  of  Christ  church,  and  Treasurer  of  the  Society, 
though  with  marks  of  the  A[rch]  B[ishop’s]  able  hand 
throughout  it.’  But  I am  confident  it  was  written  wholly 
by  the  A.  B.  himself,  and  contains,  in  fact,  not  so  much  the 
Societies  as  his  ozvn  Defence,  as  he  could  make  it  out.” 
Mayhew  received  a copy  from  Israel  Mauduit,  and  reported 
that  “People  here  generally  suppose,  whether  truly  or  not, 
that  the  A.  B.  of  C-t-y  had  at  least  a considerable 
hand  in  this  Answer;  which  I think  is  a very  plausible  per- 
formance. It  has  lately  been  reprinted  here;  and  my 
Remarks  thereon,  published  this  week,  I send  you  by  this 
Opportunity.  I send  also  a few  Copies  to  particular  Gen- 
tlemen, of  which  your  kind  care  is  humbly  requested: 
among  the  rest,  one  to  a gentleman 1 with  whom  I was 
desired  not  to  put  you  into  any  sort  of  connexion.  As  this 
may  be  sent  to  him  by  you,  without  his  knowing  thro ’ 
whose  hands  it  came,  I hope  I shall  not,  in  this  respect,  be 
thought  to  have  disregarded  you  direction  aforesaid;  which 
I would  not  by  any  means  do.  I also  send  you  a few  Copies 
of  the  Observations,  undirected,  to  be  disposed  of  as  you 
may  think  proper.  . . . 

“You  will  perceive  by  the  Remarks  on  the  London 
Answer  to  the  Observations,  that  I have  taken  your  hint, 
and  made  a free  use  of  what  you  said  about  a certain  impor- 
tant affair  [New  England  episcopacy[|;  tho’  not  a freer  one, 
than  I supposed  agreeable  to  your  intention,  if  I should 
have  Occasion.  I thought  I had  a very  fair  opening  given 
me  by  the  A7iswerer  himself ; as  I believe  you  will  also  think : 
And  I am  much  obliged  to  you  for  your  information  on  that 
head.  Probably  I might  not  have  said  anything  particu- 


1 Mauduit,  see  p.  113  infra. 


C 107  3 


17633 


Jasper  Mauduit 


larly  on  it,  had  it  not  been  for  your  hints,  and  that  I was 
extremely  desirous  to  do  what  I thought  might  be  in  some 
degree  acceptable  to  you.  No  man  living  knows,  or  shall 
know,  from  whom  those  hints  came;  or  indeed,  that  I had 
received  any  of  that  sort  from  any  Correspondent.” 

An  answer  to  Mayhew,  printed  without  name  of  writer, 
but  later  known  to  have  been  written  by  Rev.  Henry  Caner, 
appeared  in  the  Autumn  of  1763,  A Candid  Examination  of 
Dr.  Mayhew’ s Observations,  together  with  a “Letter  to  a 
Friend”  vindicating  the  Society,  and  prepared  by  “one  of 
its  members.”  This  letter  has  wrongfully  been  ascribed 
to  Rev.  Mr.  Cutler  of  Boston,  and  Samuel  Johnson  of  Con- 
necticut, but  without  authority.  While  Mayhew  omitted 
to  notice  the  “most  outrageous”  attacks  made  upon  his 
Observations,  he  thought  Caner’s  tract  worthy  of  a reply, 
and  on  November  21,  the  day  of  publication,  he  sent  out  a 
Defence  of  the  Observations,  etc.,  with  an  introduction  on  the 
bitterness  of  the  assaults  made  upon  his  pamphlet  and  his 
character  by  his  anonymous  critics.  This  also  was  reprinted 
in  London,  doubtless  through  the  agency  of  Hollis.  “The 
deserved  honest  commendation  of  this  Defence,”  Hollis 
wrote,  April  4,  1764,  “I  cannot  give  you  in  better  words 
than  in  those  of  the  Rev.  and  Excellent  Dr.  [Caleb]  Flem- 
ing, in  a letter  to  me,  dated  Feb.  3,  1764:  ‘I  have  read  the 
tracts  sent  Dr.  [Nathaniel]  Lardner  from  Dr.  Mayhew,  and 
am  clearly  of  opinion,  that  the  Dr.  has  acquitted  himself  as 
a Master  of  his  argument.  He  has  even  proved,  that  what 
civil  establishment  was  given  the  N.  E.  Churches,  was  by 
no  means  episcopal.  That  petition  to  Charles  II  in  1679, 
is  conclusive.  Indeed  his  opponents  are  under  those  preju- 
dices of  education  and  interest  that  they  are  incapable  of 
seeing  evidence.  I am  highly  pleased  with  the  Monthly 
Reviewers  upon  his  Observations,  in  the  allusion  to  the  Dev- 
il 108  3 


D763 


Jasper  Mauduit 

il’s  cannon  ball  in  Milton.  Not  anything  could  have  been 
more  expressive.’  . . . Immediately  on  the  receipt  of 
your  Defence  I gave  it  to  Millar,  who  has  caused  it  to  be 
reprinted,  tho’  like  your  Observations  under  another  print- 
er’s name,  he  being  Printer  in  ordinary  to  the  Episcopal 
propagators,  and  it  will  be  published  in  a few  days,  I hope 
with  tolerable  exactness.  In  this  second  publication  Mil- 
lar has  again  behaved  handsomely,  in  more  respects  than 
one.  Here  in  England  few  tracts  sell  well,  and  have  a 
general  currency,  unless  of  an  extraordinary  and  taking 
nature  indeed,  that  exceed  a shilling  in  purchase,  on  which 
account  conciseness,  or  brevity  with  clearness  should  at  all 
times,  on  all  subjects,  be  particularly  affected  and  studied. 
Of  this  new  edition  I have  the  honor  to  send  you  four 
copies.  I likewise  send  you  three  copies  of  a very  artful 
tract,  ‘semblance  of  worth  not  substance,’  intitled  ‘An 
Answer  to  Dr.  Mayhew’s  observations  on  the  charter  and 
conduct  of  the  Society  for  the  propagation  of  the  Gospel 
in  foreign  parts,’  which  tract  I suppose  your  bookseller,  or 
some  of  your  friends  may  have  already  conveyed  to  you. 
I am  confident  it  is  written  either  by  the  A[rch[|  B[ishopj] 
himself,  or  by  one  of  his  chaplains  or  Dependents,  with 
very  great  corrections  by  him.  I was  going  to  have  added, 
that  I had  had  the  honor  to  be  acquainted  with  that  prel- 
ate above  twenty  years,  and  apprehended  myself  to  be 
not  altogether  unacquainted  with  his  stile  of  writing  and 
conversing.  Also,  that  since  his  elevation  to  the  Primacy, 
and  the  observation  that  he  left  Popery  unnoticed,  wide 
spreading,  intolerant,  overturning  Popery,  and  yet  prose- 
cuted with  bitterest  severity,  Anet,  [Peter  Annet],  a poor 
old  speculative  Philosopher,  that  he  showed  no  hearty  affec- 
tion to  Liberty  of  any  sort,  nor  those  men  who  loved  it; 
that  he  trod  with  glee  the  mired  Court  paths;  and  juggled 

C 109  3 


17633 


Jasper  Mauduit 


for  Fame  with  his  own  order,  who  yet  would  never  grant  it 
him,  knowing  him  well  to  be  an  Irregular  and  Interloper 
amongst  them  from  the  Medical  Tribe;  I had  declined  in 
my  visits  to  him:  and  that  now,  on  further  observation  of 
his  plan  and  views  in  regard  to  America,  and  the  extreme 
poorness  of  his  conduct  in  having  fixed  a Spy  upon  you, 
for  ever,  himself , in  the  center  of  your  Land ; and  his  general 
actions  and  connections  everywhere;  I had  determined,  pass 
me  the  boldness  of  the  expression,  to  drop  him  wholly.”  1 
He  also  gave  warning  that  he  had  been  informed  that 
“some  very  severe  strictures  are  about  to  be  published”  on 
the  Observations,  intimating  that  the  author  was  probably 
“some  creature  direct  of  the  A[rchJ  B[ishop]’s;  or  some 
Formalist,  who  yearns  after  preferment,  and  seeks  it  hard 
by  writing  after  the  System  and  Passions  of  his  chief;  and 
man}^  things  may  be  written  by  a learned  artful  man,  in 
such  a controversy,  not  altogether  without  speciousness 
and  plausibility.” 

To  this  Mayhew  replied,  June  24,  1764:  “I  have  before 
had  intimations  of  the  A.  B.’s  concern  in  the  aforesaid 
Answer  to  me.  But  if  I had  received  your  last  a few  days 
sooner,  I much  doubt  whether  I should  have  paid  him 
a compliment  for  his  Christian  Moderation,  towards  the 
End  of  my  Remarks.  I have  not,  however,  expressed  my 


1 Hollis  disliked  Seeker,  and  in  1765,  when  sending  to  Mayhew  “a  great  rarity,” 
Seeker’s  sermon  of  February  20,  1740-41,  before  the  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel 
i n Foreign  Parts  he  added:  “It  was  the  coloring  bye-view  of  this  sermon,  that  first  oc- 
casioned a fixt  dislike  in  me  to  Dr.  Seeker.  He  thought  to  figure  by  it,  easily,  in  com- 
mendam,  without  danger  of  any  kind.  Having  been  corrected  for  it  by  Mr.  Hubbard,  he 
became  disgusted  with  the  Colonists.  Then  he  hated  them.  Then  fixed  a Spye  regularly 
upon  them;  for  such  I always  deemed  Apthorp.  Then  began  a further  scheme  concern- 
i ng  American  Bishops;  in  which,  instead  of  hard  unsplendid  work  at  home,  the  watching 
da  Vero,  against  the  evil  morals,  conduct  of  his  own  vast  Flock,  and  the  alarming  growth 
of  Popery,  etc.,  he  thought  to  win  easy  glory  from  a distance,  and,  himself  a changeling , 
to  outshine  or  equal  the  greatest  of  his  Predecessors.” 

C 


Jasper  Mauduit 


[1763 


suspicions  of  his  being  concerned  in  the  Answer.  ...  If 
the  A.  B.  is  such  a Person  as  you  represent  him,  (and  no 
man’s  representation  would  have  more  weight  with  me,)  I 
cannot  think  strange  that  a Gentleman  of  your  truly  patri- 
otic principles  had  determined  to  drop  him  whotly,  notwith- 
standing all  his  hierarchical  dignity  and  trappings.  I am 
fully  satisfied  you  have  not  been  wanting  to  your  native 
country  in  your  Station,  especially  when  I consider  your 
generous  concern  for  the  welfare  of  ours,  and  what  you 
have  done  for  its  Service.” 

Nor  did  the  matter  end  here.  In  November,  Hollis  saw 
an  advertisement  in  the  Daily  Advertiser  of  the  Boston  edi- 
tion of  the  Remarks,  and  on  going  to  the  bookseller  — Keith, 
in  Gracechurch  Street  — he  learned  that  twenty-five  copies 
had  been  put  on  sale  by  someone  in  London,  of  which  eight- 
een copies  remained  unsold.  “I  caused  those  eighteen  cop- 
ies to  be  immediately  bought  up  and  scattered  out  of  the 
way  of  the  new  edition].  Yet  usefully,  lest  they  should 
interfere  with  it,  pain  Millar,  and  deter  him  for  the  future 
from  concerning  himself  in  publications  of  that  sort,  which, 
though  undoubtedly  important,  excellent,  have  difficulties 
enough  otherwise  to  struggle  with  to  find  a current  sale.” 

Mayhew’s  interest  in  his  own  productions  and  their 
reception  in  London  continued.  December  18,  1764,  he 
wrote  to  Hollis:  “I  am  very  glad  my  Remarks  on  the  Lon- 
don Answer  to  the  Observations  are  not  unacceptable  to 
you.  If  the  greatest  Error  in  said  Remarks  is  too  much  civil- 
ity to  the  Answerer,  commonly  supposed  to  be  Leviathan 
himself;  this  will  easily  be  overlooked  by  him  and  the 
party:  And  I hope  it  will  not,  upon  the  whole,  hurt  the 
cause  in  which  I am  engaged.  By  what  you  write,  it  is 
probable  my  last  Remarks  are  published  in  London  by  this 
Time,  tho’  I have  not  yet  heard  that  they  are.  It  is  likely 

Cm3 


17633  [asper  Mauduit 

that  something  will  be  printed  there  in  opposition  to  them. 
If  there  should  be,  I humbly  crave  the  favor  of  you  to  send 
it  to  me  as  soon  as  may  be  after  the  publication.  I have 
materials  by  me  which  I think  would  illustrate  and 
strengthen  what  I have  already  written  upon  the  subject. 
But  I believe  I shall  hardly  write  again,  except  I am  put 
upon  it  by  something  farther  being  written  on  the  other 
side. 

“I  perceive  by  the  last  Abstract , etc.,  that  the  Society, 
to  whose  Judgment  and  Decision  Mr.  Apthorp  humbly  sub- 
mitted the  Merits  of  this  cause,  have  fully  decided  it  against 
me;  declaring  that  I have  been  sufficiently  answered  both  at 
home  and  abroad.  I also  perceive  that  the  Critical  Review 
for  July  last  gives  the  cause  against  me  in  favor  of  the 
Answerer;  and  shews  much  dislike  both  of  my  Defence 
against  the  Candid  Examination,  and  Mr.  FJTemin^g’s  Letter 
to  the  Author  of  the  London  Answer.  All  have  a right  to 
give  their  opinion.  There  are  doubtless  some  very  sensible 
persons  amongst  the  Critical  Reviewers.  But  their  charac- 
ter with  many  here  is  that  of  a set  of  high-flying  J[acoJ- 
b[i]te,  mercenary  writers:  If  it  be  a just  one,  I have  the 
less  reason  to  be  anxious  about  their  approbation,  or  disap- 
probation.1 I have  seen  what  the  Monthly  Reviewers  have 
said,  both  of  the  Observations,  and  of  the  London  Answer 
thereto.  But  I have  not  yet  met  with  any  Review  of  theirs, 
which  mentions  my  Defence  against  the  Candid  Examina- 
tion, or  Mr.  FQemiJng’s  Letter.  If  they  have  taken  Notice 
of  these  Pieces,  I should  take  it  as  a favor  if  you  would 
send  me  the  Review  in  which  they  do  it.  . . . If  I should 


1 “The  Monthly  Reviewers  have  able  worthy  People  among  them;  and  for  Traders  in 
the  way  of  Literature  afford  as  much  as  possible  to  Liberty.  The  Critical  Reviewers  are 
almost,  if  not  all,  Scottishmen,  without  Ignorance  or  Knowledge;  and  by  interest  and  in- 
clination are  not  whigs,  perhaps.  . . .”  Hollis  to  Mayhew,  June  24,  1765.  MS. 

C 112  3 


Jasper  Mauduit 


Ci  763 


write  again  in  this  controversy,  I shall  pay  a particu- 
lar Attention  to  your  hints  as  to  the  manner  of  doing  it, 
and  be  as  concise  as  possibly  I can,  consistently  with  the 
Ends  of  my  writing.  I shall  strictly  observe  what  you  say 
with  reference  to  not  putting  you  into  any  kind  of  connec- 
tion with  a certain  person  [Mauduit];  one  whom  I have 
myself  some  grounds  to  suspect  as  a double-minded  man  — 
in  a strait  between  honesty  and  the  wicked  policy  of  the 
times.” 

Naturally  the  controversy  came  to  an  end,  not  with- 
out a note  of  triumph  from  Hollis,  dated  March  4,  1765: 
“All  agree  that  the  Answer,  so  called,  to  your  tract  was 
written  by  the  A.  B.;  but  I am  of  an  opinion  that  you  will 
never  get  another,  a direct  one,  from  him  or  any  other 
Church  Leader,  now  that  you  have  touched  on  Popery;  no 
ass  in  sand  cart,  skin-cut  and  goaded,  being  more  tender 
than  the  A.  B.  and  his  Brethren  when  touched  on  that  Sub- 
ject. 

“The  Return  of  Mr.  Apthorp,* 1  that  Spye  upon  your 
Land,  must  have  been  a thorough  mortification  to  the  A. 
B.,  who  begat  and  sent  him  out  such;  and  the  Fathers  of 
New  England  should  crown  with  oak  leaves  the  Man  who 
by  his  sole  judgment  and  energy,  hath  forced  it.  I am 
assured  that  at  the  motion  of  the  A.  B.  it  is  entered  in  the 
Books  of  the  Episcopal  Propagators,  that  no  more  Mission- 
aries shall  be  sent  to  New  England;  which  information  will 
turn  out  to  be  in  fact,  I suppose,  that  no  more  Missions 
shall  be  established  there.  What  the  A.  B.  hath  done,  or 
rather  left  undone,  is  inconsiderable,  and  to  save  appear- 

1 “Mr.  Apthorp,  the  Cambridge  Missionary,  is  lately  and  suddenly  gone  for  Eng- 
land: and  it  is  commonly  supposed  that  he  will  not  return  to  live  in  this  country.  I 
understand  that  the  church  at  Cambridge  was  shut  up  last  Lord’s  day;  and  that  all  the 
Episcopalians  there  in  general  attended  the  Congregational  worship.”  Mayhem  to  Hollis, 
October  17,  1764.  ms. 


I 113  3 


j76 33  Jasper  Mauduit 

ances  only.  But  if  he  is  truLy  honest,  he  will  take  away  the 
greater  number  of  the  Missions  throughout  that  Country. 

. . . I do  not  hear  that  you  are  likely  to  see  answer  of 

any  kind  to  your  last  master-tract,  unless  a Stigma  or  so  in 
the  lurking  minutes  of  the  Society.”  In  this  Hollis  was  in 
error.  For  in  April,  1765,  John  Rivington  published  a 
Review  of  Dr.  Mayhew’s  Remarks , etc.,  by  East  Apthorp,  a 
performance  that  brought  no  increase  of  reputation  to  the 
author,  who  soon  after  became  vicar  of  Croydon.  Of  this 
Review  Hollis  wrote:  “It  is  pleasant  to  observe  how  Patron 
[SeckerJ  and  Client  incense,  whitewash  to  each  other.  But 
Apthorp  tops  his  Patron  in  so  much  as  he  has  not  sculked, 
anonimously  to  his  abuse  against  an  open  known  Adver- 
sary; but  has  fairly  put  his  name  to  it:  a circumstance,  it 
may  be,  for  you  to  advert  upon.”  Mayhew,  seeing  noth- 
ing new  or  material  in  Apthorp’s  pamphlet,  and  realizing 
the  greater  importance  of  the  questions  raised  by  the 
stamp  act,  wisely  let  the  matter  drop. 

Two  pamphlets  in  the  controversy  were  called  out  in 
New  England,  but  neither  of  much  weight.  Arthur  Browne, 
of  the  church  of  England,  published  at  Portsmouth  New 
Hampshire  Remarks  on  Dr.  Mayhew' s incidental  Reflections 
relative  to  the  Church  of  England,  as  contained  in  his  observa- 
tions, etc.  1763,  and  “a  gentleman  of  Rhode  Island”  per- 
petrated Verses  on  Dr.  Mayhew’s  Book  of  Observations,  etc., 
printed  at  Providence,  Rhode  Island,  by  William  Goddard. 
The  copy  in  the  John  Carter  Brown  Library  has  on  the 
title  page  the  manuscript  addition  “one  Applin  a lawyer: 
alias  Lyar,”  and  the  authorship  is  assigned  to  John  Aplin, 
although  Sabin  attributed  it  to  the  printer,  Goddard. 


C 1 14  U 


Jasper  Mauduit  D763 

CHARLES  CHAUNCY  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  May  4th,  1763. 

Sir, — Yours,  via  New  York,  both  the  original  and  copy, 
came  safely  and  seasonably  to  hand.  I was  afraid  I should 
be  tho’t  too  forward  or  officious  in  giving  you  the  informa- 
tion you  refer  to;  but  I judged  it  proper  you  should  have 
it,  and  am  glad  to  find  it  was  received  in  the  same  kind  and 
friendly  manner  in  which  I wrote  it.  Should  it  be  in  my 
power  to  serve  you,  whether  in  your  private  character,  or 
public  one  as  Agent  for  the  Province,  I shall  with  pleasure 
use  my  best  endeavours  to  do  so;  and  you  have  many  good 
friends  who  will  heartily  join  with  me  herein.  Our  first 
man  had  his  heart  much  set  upon  having  Mr.  Jackson 
chosen  our  Agent;  and  as  he  is  vested  with  great  power, 
having  most  of  the  posts  of  honor  and  profit  at  his  own 
disposal,  tis  no  wonder  there  should  be  a party  here  more 
in  that  Gentleman’s  interest  than  yours.  But,  as  a bal- 
lance  hereto,  it  will  doubtless  be  a satisfaction  to  you  to  be 
assured,  that  the  Province  in  general,  and  the  best  men  in 
it,  are  perfectly  pleased  with  having  the  management  of 
their  affairs  at  home  in  the  hands  of  one,  who,  they  believe, 
has  at  heart  their  interest,  religious  as  well  as  civil,  and  will 
exert  his  own,  and  procure  the  influence  of  others  who  wish 
us  well,  to  promote  it.  Your  getting  the  money  our  late 
agent  was  not  able  to  do,  and  tho’t  it  vain  to  attempt,  was 
of  service  to  yourself,  as  well  as  to  the  Province.  It  gave 
the  whole  General  Court,  as  well  as  others,  a strong  and 
sensible  conviction  of  your  influence  as  much  superior  to 
his  who  went  before  you.  I doubt  not  you  will,  as  there 
are  opportunities  for  it,  go  on  giving  such  proofs  of  your 
disposition  and  ability  to  serve  the  Province  as  to  remove 
the  prejudices  of  those  who  may  not  be  well  affected  to 

C 115  □ 


1 763H  jasper  Mauduit 

you,  and  to  make  way  for  the  accomplishment  of  all  that 
you  can  desire  respecting  your  brother.  It  gave  me  plea- 
sure to  find,  that  so  good  a judge  entertained  a favorable 
opinion  of  my  sermon,  and  tho’t  it  worthy  of  being 
employed  to  serve  the  cause  it  was  intended  to  promote. 
Tis  strange  to  us  here,  that  the  Arch-Bishop,  or  Society  of 
which  he  is  president,  should  be  in  a disposition  to  oppose 
our  incorporating  act.  We  have  no  interest  of  our  own  in 
view.  We  have  no  intention  to  oppose  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, or  do  anything  that  may  tend  in  the  least  to  disserve 
it.  Our  sole  aim  is,  to  be  under  advantage  to  carry  the 
Gospel  of  the  blessed  God  to  the  Indian  Natives  on  our 
western  borders.  And  such  a design,  one  would  think, 
should  be  agreable  to  all  who  wish  well  to  the  name  of 
Christ,  and  would  be  glad  to  see  his  kingdom  settled  in 
these  dark  corners  of  the  earth.  We  are  not  so  disaffected 
to  the  Church  of  England  but  that  we  should  rejoice  to  see 
Missionaries  sent  from  the  society  of  which  the  Arch-B’p  is 
praeses  to  promote  the  knowledge  of  Christ  among  the 
Indian  tribes.  The  harvest  is  great.  There  is  full  room  for 
Missionaries  from  them,  as  well  as  from  us;  and  should  they 
send  them,  we  should  not  only  wish  them  God-speed,  but 
do  all  in  our  power  that  their  mission  might  turn  out  to 
good  effect.  How  the  Arch-B’p  came  by  the  story  you  tell 
of  I can’t  say;  but  you  may  relate  it  as  fact,  that  one  of  his 
Majesties  Council  here,  a professed  church-man,  and  one 
that  has  from  a child  been  so,  is  not  only  a subscriber  to  our 
Fund,  but  one  whose  name  is  inserted  in  the  incorporating 
act  among  the  first  constituent  members  of  our  new  soci- 
ety.1 We  have  refused  the  subscriptions  of  none  of  what 
ever  denomination.  We  can  assure  you,  and  would  profess 
to  the  whole  world,  that  we  have  no  party-design  to  carry 

1 Andrew  Oliver. 

Cii63 


Jasper  Mauduit 


C1763 


on.  We  set  out  upon  the  most  catholic  principles,  and 
have  among  our  subscribers  and  first  members  Gentlemen 
of  most  of  the  differing  sentiments  in  religion  that  are 
among  us. 

You  intimate  as  tho’,  in  consequence  of  the  opposition 
you  are  like  to  meet  with,  you  tho’t  it  best  not  to  push  an 
immediate  confirmation  of  the  act,  but  to  let  it  lie  by  to 
receive  its  confirmation  of  course.  For  my  self,  I am  clearly 
of  the  mind,  tis  best  to  press  the  matter  now,  be  the  event 
what  it  will.  None  of  the  money  subscribed  to  our  fund  is 
payable  till  the  act  has  received  the  Royal  sanction;  and  if 
we  must  wait  for  this  three  years,  we  shall  lose  the  benefit 
of  the  income  of  the  subscribed  money  the  whole  of  that 
time.  And  further,  which  is  of  more  importance,  the  Spirit 
which  has  happily  been  excited  in  so  many  to  promote  the 
cause  of  Christ  among  the  Indians  will  probably  subside, 
and  we  shall  lose  the  special  opportunity  we  now  have  of 
collecting  yet  large  sums  in  addition  to  what  we  have 
already  got.  If  the  confirmation  of  the  act  is  delayed,  I 
shall  look  upon  it  as  nearly  equal  to  its  being  negatived; 
and  all  the  pains  we  have  taken  to  collect  monies,  and  raise 
a fund  to  serve  the  most  valuable  end,  that  of  spreading 
the  name  and  knowledge  of  Christ  among  numerous  tribes 
of  Indians,  will  come  to  nothing;  and  so  will  the  hopeful 
beginnings  we  have  made  in  carrying  the  Gospel  into  the 
dark  corners  of  this  land.  Tis  not  likely,  if  we  fail  in  our 
present  attempt,  in  which  we  have  exerted  ourselves  beyond 
all  that  could  be  expected,  that  we  shall  ever  make  another. 
How  they  who  set  themselves  to  oppose  so  generous,  so 
pious  and  Christian  a design  will  be  able  to  give  a good 
account  of  their  conduct  in  the  day  of  the  appearing  of 
Jesus  Christ,  is  beyond  me  to  say. 

Mr.  Secretary  Oliver  sometime  ago  gave  me  the  reading 

C 1 17  □ 


17633 


Jasper  Mauduit 


of  several  of  your  letters,  both  public  and  private,  in  which 
were  contained  the  information  you  give  relative  to  our 
incorporating  act.  I should  have  wrote  particularly  upon 
these  matters,  but  that  the  Committee  of  the  associated 
Pastors  of  this  town,  of  which  I am  Chairman,  have  wrote 
upon  the  same  points  to  the  sub-committee  of  the  Com- 
mittee of  Deputies  of  which  you  are  one.  And  as  the  New 
society  will  have  a meeting  to-morrow,  they  will  doubtless 
be  particular  in  satisfying  the  London  Society,  that  they 
had  no  intention  to  counter-act,  or  reflect  the  least  dis- 
honor on  them  But  I will  not  take  up  any  more  of  your 
valuable  time.  I heartily  wish  you  prosperity  in  all  your 
affairs,  especially  in  your  endeavours  to  serve  this  Province, 
and  cause  of  Christ  among  the  Indians;  and  am,  with  great 
respect,  Your  obedient  humble  Servant, 

Charles  Chauncy. 

[Endorsed,]]  Jasper  Mauduit,  Esq.  In  Lime-street,  London.  Per  Capt. 
Hunter. 

[Memorandum,]]  Rev’d  Cha.  Chauncey.  May  4,  1763.  Reed.  June  16. 

CHARLES  CHAUNCY  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  May  6th,  1763. 

Sir,  — In  my  letter  of  May  4th,  I told  you,  that  our  new 
Society  here  would  meet  the  next  day,  when  they  would 
write  home  with  reference  to  their  act  of  incorporation.  As 
the  vessel  by  which  that  letter  goes  is  detained  by  contrary 
winds,  I have  the  opportunity  of  acquainting  you,  that 
they  accordingly  met  at  the  time  appointed;  but,  as  I am 
informed,  (for  I was  not  able  to  be  at  the  meeting  myself 
by  reason  of  bodily  infirmity)  they  were  of  opinion,  it 
would  be  less  exceptionable,  and  might  answer  the  end  as 
well,  if,  instead  of  a public  letter  from  them,  one  or  another 

C n8  3 


[1763 


Jasper  Mauduit 

of  their  body  should  write  on  their  behalf  in  their  more  pri- 
vate character.  This  information  I tho’t  it  necessary  to 
give  you,  that  you  might  not  expect  to  hear  from  the  soci- 
ety in  their  capacity  as  such.  I am,  with  all  due  respect, 
Your  obedient  humble  Servant,1 

Charles  Chauncy. 

ANDREW  ELIOT  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  N.  E.,  June  1,  1763. 

Sir,  — According  to  the  Direction  of  the  Overseers  of  Har- 
vard College  I transmit  to  you  the  enclosed  Vote  of  Thanks. 

I am  glad  the  Performances  of  the  College  have  met 
with  so  favorable  a Reception.  I hope  it  will  stimulate  our 
Youth  to  excel  in  valuable  Learning. 

The  Readiness  with  which  you  have  espoused  the  Inter- 
ests of  the  College  and  your  Generosity  to  it  are  an  Addi- 
tion to  the  many  Obligations  you  have  laid  us  under.  I 
take  the  Liberty  to  entreat  the  Continuance  of  your  kind 
Offices  to  this  rising  Seminary. 

We  find  by  your  Letter  to  Mr.  Bowdoin  that  the  Act 
incorporating  a Number  of  Persons  into  a Society  for  propa- 
gating the  Gospel  among  the  Indians  is  not  like  to  have 
the  Royal  Approbation.  We  have  a grateful  Sense  of  your 
Care  in  managing  that  Affair,  but  it  gives  us  the  greatest 
Concern  that  the  Act  has  met  with  such  Opposition.  It  is 
strange  that  Gentlemen  who  profess  Christianity  will  not 
send  the  Gospel  to  the  Heathen  themselves  nor  permit  it 
to  be  sent  by  others.  We  hope  the  Design  will  not  fail. 
The  Commissioners  from  London  and  Scotland  are  hearty 
in  the  Cause  and  we  doubt  not  will  receive  considerable 
Assistance  from  well-disposed  Persons  among  ourselves. 

1 An  account  of  a meeting  of  the  colony  agents  in  London,  May  19,  1763,  is  in  Penn. 
Col.  Rec.,  ix.  47. 


C 1193 


i763U  Jasper  Mauduit 

It  gives  peculiar  Satisfaction  to  those  who  wish  well  to 
our  Churches  that  we  have  an  Agent  who  has  a natural 
Care  for  them,  and  by  whom  we  can  so  easily  apply  to  the 
Body  of  our  dissenting  Brethren  in  England.  I trust,  Sir, 
your  Services  to  this  People  will  always  meet  with  a grate- 
ful Acceptance. 

The  Committee  of  the  associated  Pastors  in  Boston 
lately  sent  a Letter  to  the  Committee  of  Deputies  in  Lon- 
don to  sollicit  their  Assistance  in  the  Affair  of  the  Charter. 
I suppose  any  application  will  now  be  too  late.  But  you 
will  see  by  that  Letter  some  of  the  Reasons  for  our  desiring 
to  be  incorporated  into  a distinct  Society.  We  hope  the 
Deputation  will  allow  us  to  apply  to  them  as  Occasions 
present.  Such  a Correspondence  we  apprehend  quite  neces- 
sary for  us,  who  find  by  the  Fate  of  our  Charter,  that  our 
Enemies  are  more  and  greater  than  we  were  aware  of.  We 
shall  endeavor  to  give  you  as  little  Trouble  as  possible. 
You  will  excuse  the  Freedom  with  which  I write  and  believe 
me  to  be,  with  the  greatest  Respect,  Your  obedient  humble 
Servant,  Andrew  Eliot. 


PETITION  OF  SAMUEL  HARNDEN 

Province  of  the 
Massachusetts  Bay. 

To  his  Excellency  Francis  Bernard,  Esqr.,  his  Majesty’s 
Captain  General  and  Governor  in  chief  in  and  over  the 
Province  aforesaid  and  vice  Admiral  of  the  same;  The 
Hon’ble  his  Majestys  Council,  and  the  house  of  Represen- 
tatives of  the  said  Province  in  General  Court  assembled  at 
Boston,  May  25,  1763.  The  humble  petition  of  Samuel 
Harnden  of  Woolwich  in  the  County  of  Lincoln  Gentle- 
man Shews: 

C 120  U 


Jasper  Mauduit 


D763 


That  in  the  year  1758  your  pet’rs  Son  in  Law  Ebenezer 
Preble  and  Mary  his  wife  (Inhabitants  at  the  Eastern  parts 
of  this  Province)  were  both  killed  by  a Number  of  Indians, 
and  their  family  of  Six  Children,  the  Eldest  then  eleven 
years  old,  were  at  the  same  time  taken  Captives,  the 
youngest  whereof  being  a boy  of  about  three  Months  old, 
they  killed.  The  other  five  Children  they  carried  away 
with  them  into  Canada,  and  in  the  year  1759  two  of  the 
said  Children  were  providentially  recovered  and  brought 
back  to  their  home.1 

That  after  the  Reduction  of  Canada  in  the  year  1761, 
your  Excellency  and  the  then  General  Assembly  sitting, 
and  taking  into  Consideration  your  pet’rs  address,  praying 
that  he  himself  in  person  might  proceed  to  Canada  to 
recover  the  other  three  remaining  Captive  Children  (hav- 
ing certain  knowledge  of  them  from  their  Birth)  were 
pleased  of  their  paternal  goodness  and  compassion  to 
enable  your  pet’r  to  proceed  to  that  Country,  and  there 
enquire  for  and  seek  out  the  said  three  Captive  Children, 
which  Service  your  pet’r  cheerfully  undertook,  and  with 
great  dificulty,  trouble  and  expence  he  happily  recovered 
two  more  of  said  Captive  Children,  and  brought  them  to 
their  Native  Land.  But  so  it  is  may  it  please  your  Excel- 
lency and  this  Hon’ble  Court,  that  Mehitabel  Preble  a girl 
about  thirteen  years  of  age  (one  of  the  aforesaid  Five  Cap- 
tive Children),  before  your  pet’rs  arrival  in  Canada,  was 
sent  from  thence  to  Rochelle  in  old  France  to  wait  on  a 
French  Lady  in  her  passage  thither,  And  as  your  pet’r  is 
well  informed  the  said  Mehettable  now  is  in  Servitude 
with  and  Claimed  as  a purchased  Captive  by  one  Mouns’r 


1 Rebecca,  Samuel,  Mehitabel,  Ebenezer,  Mary  and  William  are  named  as  taken  at 
Georgetown,  June  9,  1758.  N.  E.  Hist.  Gen.  Register,  xiv.  273.  See  Preble,  Genealogical 
Sketch,  1 6. 


C 121  1 


Jasper  Mauduit 


1763U 

T:  M:  Mounier,  Merchant  and  a resident  of  that  City. 
That  during  the  Continuance  of  the  War,  your  pet’r  could 
hope  for  no  means  of  relief,  from  your  Excellency  and  the 
General  Court  in  the  recovering  of  the  Captive  Mehettable, 
and  as  the  blessings  of  peace  are  restored,  and  the  said 
Mehettable  still  remains,  in  a Foreign  Land  (at  Rochelle 
as  aforementioned)  under  age,  Subject  to  the  principals 
and  practice  of  a Religion  foreign  from  that  of  the  Land 
she  is  a native  of,  and  of  her  predecessors,  and  your  pet’r 
being  the  only  Surviving,  eldest  natural  parent  of  the 
absent  Captive  Girl  - — In  humble  duty  he  presents  this 
matter  of  Captivity,  and  detention  to  your  Excellency 
and  this  Hon’ble  Courts  consideration  for  her  Recovery. 
And  your  pet’r  thereupon  prays  your  Excellency  and  this 
Hon’ble  Court  to  take  the  same  into  your  Compassionate 
consideration,  and  to  make  such  order,  or  to  grant  such 
aid  and  assistance  in  the  premisses  for  the  recovering  and 
returning  of  the  said  Mehettable  to  her  native  Land;  as  in 
your  justice  wisdom  and  compassion  Shall  seem  met. 

And  your  pet’r  as  in  duty  bound  Shall  ever  pray,  etc. 

Samuel  Harnden. 

The  foregoing  petition  having  been  referred  to  a Com- 
mittee of  the  two  Houses  they  made  report  according  to 
orders,  and  thereupon  the  following  vote  passed  vizt. 

In  Council,  June  8,  1763.  Read  and  accepted  and 
ordered  that  the  Secretary  transmit  to  the  agent  a Copy 
of  the  petition  of  Mr.  Samuel  Harnden  for  his  information 
in  the  matter  therein  referred  to,  or  any  other  information 
which  the  petitioner  may  furnish  him  with.  And  that  he 
acquaint  the  agent  that  it  is  the  desire  of  this  Court  that 
he  use  his  best  endeavours  to  obtain  the  discharge  of  the 
Child  therein  mentioned.  Sent  down  for  Concurrence. 

A.  Oliver,  Secy. 


C 122  J 


jasper  Mauduit  D763 

In  the  house  of  Representatives,  June  8 1763.  Read 
and  Concurred. 

Timo.  Ruggles,  Spkr. 

Consented  to, 

Fra.  Bernard 

Copy  examined,  A.  Oliver,  Secy. 

THOMAS  CUSHING  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  June  30,  1763. 

Sir,  — I have  received  your  much  esteem’d  Favors  of  the 
6th  Jan’y  and  12  March  last.  Am  much  oblidged  to  your 
Brother  for  the  news  relative  to  Publick  and  Parliamen- 
tary Affairs.  Such  intelligence  will  always  be  acceptable. 
I wish  it  were  in  my  power  to  make  some  suitable  return. 
I wrote  you  fully  in  November  last  with  respect  to  the 
joining  your  Brother  with  you  in  the  Agency,  by  Capt. 
Churchwood  and  Capt.  Callo,  both  of  whom,  I since  hear, 
are  taken  and  consequently  my  letter  never  reach’d  you. 
I therein  assured  you  I should  use  my  Endeavors  that  your 
request  shoud  be  granted  and  at  the  same  time  mentioned 
the  objections,  which  I apprehended,  woud  be  made  to 
such  a junction.  I find  by  your  letters  to  the  Court  this 
spring  you  have  been  fully  apprized  of  every  step  that  was 
taken  by  the  Court  relative  to  this  affair  at  their  sessions 
in  the  winter  past.  I think  you  have  fully  answer’d  the 
Objection  as  to  any  additional  expence  that  might  accrue 
from  a compliance  with  your  request.  Flad  there  been 
time,  it’s  probable  something  might  have  been  done  this 
spring,  but  the  Session  was  short  and  so  crouded  with 
Business,  that  your  Friends  apprehended  there  would 
not  be  opportunity  to  remove  any  difficulties  that  might 
remain  upon  the  minds  of  some  of  the  Court  respecting 

C I23  3 


Jasper  Mauduit 


1 763  3 


this  matter  and  thought  it  not  prudent  to  move  it  at 
present,  especially  as  they  learnt  from  some  letters  from 
your  Brother  that  he  was  desirous  his  name  might  not  be 
thrown  into  controversy  or  be  the  occasion  of  any  conten- 
tion. The  truth  of  the  case  is  this.  His  Exc-ll-ncy  the 
Gov-n-r,  when  Mr.  Bollan  was  dismissed,  was  very  desir- 
ous of  Mr.  Jackson’s  being  chosen  to  supply  his  place,  but 
the  Court  woud  not  hear  of  it.  He  then  urg’d  that  Mr. 
Jackson  might  be  join’d  with  you  in  the  Agency,  but  was 
told  that  two  Agents  were  unnecessary  and  woud  encrease 
the  Expence.  This  was  a great  disappointment  to  him 
(Mr.  Jackson  being  his  intimate  and  particular  Friend). 
However  the  Court  to  gratify  his  Exc-ll-ncy  empower’d 
Mr.  Jackson  in  case  of  your  Absence  or  Death  to  receive 
the  Parliamentary  Grants  for  the  years  1760,  1761  and 
1762,  and  at  the  same  time  instructed  you  to  apply  to 
him  for  advise  in  all  Law  matters;  I something  doubt 
whether  this  measure  fully  satisfied  him,  and  when  your 
proposal  came  to  hand  for  the  joining  of  your  worthy 
Brother  in  the  Agency,  it  might  naturally  be  expected, 
that  the  G-v-n-r  woud  discountenance  it  and  with  his 
Friends  woud  use  the  same  arguments  against  it  as  was 
urged  in  the  like  case  against  Mr.  Jackson.  However  I 
am  in  hopes  a little  time  will  wear  off  those  Impressions 
that  were  made  upon  the  G-v-rn-r  by  the  disappointment 
aforesaid,  and  that  upon  a thorough  consideration  of  this 
matter  he  will  concur  in  a compliance  with  a Proposal  so 
much  for  the  Interest  of  the  Province.  Another  reason 
why  it  woud  not  have  been  expedient  to  have  moved  this 
affair  at  present  is,  that  we  have  a new  House  and  some 
Members  are  returned  this  year,  who  were  not  of  the 
House  the  last  year,  that  were  intimately  acquainted  with 
Mr.  Bollan,  and  we  must  give  them  some  little  time  to  let 

£124:1 


Jasper  Mauduit 


D 763 


their  resentments  at  Mr.  Bollan’s  dismission  subside.  I 
hope  by  the  next  Session  the  way  will  be  clear  for  the 
accomplishment  of  this  matter.  In  the  meantime,  Sir,  I 
hope,  and  it  is  the  desire  of  all  your  Friends,  that  you  will 
continue  your  good  services  for  the  Province  and  that  your 
worthy  Brother  won’t  be  discouraged  from  still  affording 
you  his  kind  assistance,  which  the  Court  have  acknowl- 
edged with  thankfulness  in  their  last  Letter. 

I understand  you  are  concerned  considerably  in  the 
wooling  trade.  If  I shoud  be  in  want  of  a number  of 
Cloths  and  Woolins,  shoud  be  glad  to  know  upon  what 
terms  you  woud  supply  me.  A few  years  past  I used  con- 
stantly to  import  them,  but  the  English  trade  has  been  so 
overdone  and  the  Country  so  overstock’d  with  goods  that 
there’s  been  no  Encouragement  to  import  any  lately.  If 
the  trade  should  revive  and  there  shoud  be  any  Prospect 
of  a sale,  I shoud  be  concerned  that  way  again.  I am  with 
great  Respect  Your  most  obedient  humble  Servant, 

Thomas  Cushing. 

[Memorandum,]]  Thos.  Cushing,  June  30,  1763,  reed.  August  20th. 


HARRISON  GRAY  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  August  2d,  1763. 

Sir,  — By  Virtue  of  an  Act  of  the  great  and  General  Court, 
made  and  passed  at  their  last  Session:  I am  impowered 

and  directed  to  draw  upon  you  as  their  Agent  for  the  sum 
of  £35, 000. 1 The  Secretary  of  the  Province  by  this  Con- 
veyance will  send  you  the  Act.  I have  already  drawn  on 
you  in  favour  of  several  Gentlemen,  Agreable  to  the 
Schedul  inclosed  amounting  to  £[blanJf\. 

1 The  act  is  in  Province  Laws,  IV.  662.  An  account  of  the  bills  drawn  and  interest 
thereon  is  in  Mass.  Arch.,  civ.  245.  The  total  was  £35,222.12.8. 


CI25  3 


Jasper  Mauduit 


1763H 

I am  in  hopes  the  Parliamentary  Grant  to  the  Colonies 
as  a Compensation  for  their  services  for  1761  is  by  this 
Time  apportioned,  that  so  you  may  be  enabled  to  dis- 
charge my  draughts  with  Honour.1  I am  with  great 
respect,  Your  most  Obedient  Humble  Servant, 

[Unsigned. 

[Memorandum,]  H.  Gray,  2d  August,  1763,  reed  Sept.  6. 


HARRISON  GRAY  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  August  23d,  1763. 

Sir,  — On  the  Other  side  you  have  Copy  of  my  last  by 
Jarvis,2  also  Copy  of  what  bills  I had  then  drawn  on  you, 
since  which  I have  further  drawn  on  you  to  the  Amount  of 
Eight  thousand  four  hundred  and  fifty-four  pounds  accord- 
ing to  the  Account  inclosed.  My  Compliments  to  your 
Brother,  And  believe  me  to  be,  Your  most  obedient  hum- 
ble Servant,  H.  Gray. 


HARRISON  GRAY  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  September  23d,  1763. 

Sir, — The  above  is  Copy  of  my  last  by  Jacobson.3 
Inclosed  you  have  a schedul  of  what  bills  I have  since 
then  drawn  upon  you,  Amounting  to  the  Sum  of  £1,742. 


1 The  money  was  not  received  until  November  2$,  1763 — £42,774.16.0  — two- 
thirds  in  cash  and  one-third  in  Exchequer  bills.  In  September  the  payment  had  been 
held  up.  For  though  there  was  money  in  the  Treasury,  “yet  the  exportation  of  our  coin 
was  so  great  upon  the  universal  bankruptcies  abroad,  that  the  Bank  had  desired,  and 
they  had  determined  to  draw  as  little  money  out  of  it  as  possible.  Soon  after  a new  scene 
arose,  which  you  will  learn  from  the  newspapers.  The  dissentions  among  the  great  is  a 
subject  to  be  lamented,  but  not  to  be  particularized.  In  that  general  state  of  suspense 
you  will  not  wonder  to  hear  that  the  Treasury  is  adjourned  and  no  business  done.”  Mass. 
Arch.,  xxii.  309,  318.  2 The  letter  of  August  2,  1763.  3 Letter  of  August  23,  1763. 

CI26J 


Jasper  Mauduit  D763 

being  the  needful  from,  Sir,  Your  sincere  Friend  and  hum- 
ble Servant,  H.  Gray. 

Sir,  — Mr.  Edmund  Quincy  the  Bearer  hereof  is  a Gen- 
tleman of  good  sence  and  of  a fair  Character,  and  a Member 
of  Doctor  Mayhew’s  Church.  I sincerely  recommend  him 
to  your  and  your  Brother’s  Acquaintance.  Any  notice 
either  of  you  shall  take  of  him  will  be  gratefully  acknowl- 
edged by  him,  who  has  the  honour  to  be  Your  most  Obe- 
dient Servant,  H.  Gray. 

[Endorsed,]  Jasper  Mauduit  of  London,  Agent  for  the  Province  of  the 
Massachusetts  Bay  in  New  England,  by  favor  of  Mr.  Quincy. 
[Memorandum,]  H.  Gray,  Sep’r.  23,  1763,  rec’d  Nov’r  15. 1 

THOMAS  CUSHING  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  September  12,  1763. 

Sir,  — Since  my  last  I have  had  some  conversation  with 
Mr.  Goldthwait,  a member  of  the  court  and  one  who  is 
nearly  connected  with  the  Governor;  In  the  course  of  the 

1 “The  Governor  has  shown  me  your  letter  regarding  the  agency.  From  what  I 
had  heard  of  Mr.  Mauduit  for  several  years  past  I had  formed  the  same  opinion  with 
you,  that  he  was  a very  honest  man,  but  had  no  other  qualifications  for  an  agent.  When 
Mr.  Bollan  resigned  eight  or  ten  years  ago,  and  Mr.  John  Sharpe  was  chosen  in  his  stead, 
I was  then  much  pressed  by  great  part  of  the  Court  to  have  gone  home;  but  my  domestick 
concerns  rendered  it  then  impracticable,  and  altho’  the  same  thing  has  been  proposed  to 
me  several  times  since,  and  sometimes  with  a general  voice,  and  when  it  would  not  have 
been  disagreeable,  yet  Mr.  B.  being  in  the  place  and  my  friend,  and  the  publick  better 
served  than  it  would  have  been  by  me,  I never  gave  the  least  countenance  to  the  propo- 
sals but  discouraged  every  step  that  might  forward  them.  For  two  or  three  years  I 
have  been  the  butt  of  a faction,  and  although  they  have  missed  their  aim  and  have  not 
hurt  me  in  the  esteem  of  the  best  people  in  the  Province,  yet  I question  whether  the  pres- 
ent assembly  would  give  their  vote  in  my  favor,  especially  as  I am  not  sufficiently  satis- 
fied myself  of  the  expediency  of  it  to  make  any  interest  for  it.  I am  turned  of  fifty  and 
so  in  the  decline  of  life,  and  could  not  so  well  bear  the  ungrateful  returns  which  our  Ameri- 
can Assemblys  generally  made  to  those  who  endeavor  to  serve  them  as  I could  do  ten  or 
fifteen  years  ago.  I am  sure  the  Court  cannot  do  themselves  so  much  honor  or  the  coun- 
try so  much  real  service  in  any  other  way  as  by  complimenting  you  with  the  agency, 
seeing  you  do  not  wholly  refuse  it.”  Thomas  Hutchinson  to  Richard  Jackson , August  3, 
1763.  Mass.  Arclr.,  xxvi.  64. 

C 127  3 


17633 


Jasper  Mauduit 


conversation,  he  observed,  that  it  appeared  by  your  Let- 
ters, that  by  reason  of  Indisposition  you  were  unable 
constantly  to  attend  at  the  severall  Boards  upon  the  Prov- 
ince Business  and  were  therefore  desirous  of  having  your 
Brother  joined  with  you  in  the  Agency.  He  further  said, 
it  was  highly  probable  to  him  that  immediately  upon  your 
Brother’s  being  appointed,  you  would  resign,  which  if  the 
Court  coud  be  assured  of,  he  did  not  doubt  but  the  desired 
appointment  woud  be  made,  but  observed  that  it  woud  be 
necessary  at  the  same  time,  as  Mr.  Jackson  had  been 
already  taken  some  notice  of  by  the  Court,  to  appoint  him 
standing  Council,  a measure  which  coud  not  be  well  come 
into,  if  you  and  your  Brother  both  stood,  as  it  woud  be 
look’d  upon  by  the  Court  as  in  Effect  choosing  three 
Agents,  which  he  apprehended  the  Court  woud  by  no 
means  consent  to.  He  said  further,  that  to  appoint  your 
Brother  Agent  and  at  the  same  time  take  no  notice  of  Mr. 
Jackson,  woud  give  occasion  of  offence  to  Mr.  Jackson 
and  perhaps  render  him  inimical  to  the  Province.  I told 
him  that  Mr.  Jackson’s  being  Standing  Agent  for  the 
Colony  of  Connecticutt  woud  be  an  insuperable  objection 
to  his  appointment.  He  replied,  that  if  that  was  a suffi- 
cient objection  to  Mr.  Jackson’s  appointment,  the  same 
woud  hold  good  against  Mr.  Israel  Mauduit’s  appointment, 
as  he  was  Crown  Agent  for  the  Province  of  Nova  Scotia,  a 
fact  I was  not  before  apprized  of  and  of  the  truth  of  which 
I should  be  glad  to  be  informed:  If  it  is  so,  pray  inform 

me  what  his  Business  is  as  crown’s  Agent  for  that  Prov- 
ince and  whether  it  will  be  incompatable  with  his  being 
Agent  for  this  Province. 

I hope  you’ll  excuse  me  for  troubling  you  with  the 
substance  of  this  conversation,  the  design  of  which,  I 
apprehend,  was  to  induce  Mr.  Mauduit’s  Friends  to  recom- 

t 128  3 


Jasper  Mauduit  D763 

mend  his  resignation  in  case  of  his  Brother’s  appointment, 
which  I am  satisfied  woud  be  no  ways  agreable  to  the 
Court.  They  were  much  oblidged  to  you  for  accepting 
the  trust,  they  have  experienced  the  benefit  of  your  Agency 
and  have  in  their  Letters  fully  expressed  their  Approba- 
tion of  your  Conduct,  and  if  a Gentleman  of  your  good 
sense,  interest,  and  influence  shoud  resign,  I shoud  esteem 
it  a great  loss  to  the  Province  and  such  as  they  coud  not 
at  this  Juncture  of  Affairs  well  bare.  I hope  therefore  if 
you  have  had  any  such  thoughts  you’d  lay  them  aside;  be 
sure  don’t  give  the  least  intimation  of  such  a thing  in  any 
of  your  Publick  Letters;  Those  that  propose  it,  in  order  as 
they  pretend,  to  your  Brother’s  Appointment,  have  some- 
thing else  in  view.  They  design,  as  I have  good  reason  to 
think,  to  have  Mr.  Jackson  really  the  Agent.  The  better 
to  cover  this  design,  they  are  willing  to  join  your  Brother 
with  him,  but  Mr.  Jackson  to  all  intents  and  purposes  will 
be  Agent.  He  will  be  considered  as  the  first  Mover  and 
the  Principal  Actor  in  all  the  Government  affairs  and  will 
have  all  the  credit  of  every  successfull  measure,  and  your 
Brother  will  be  considered  only  as  his  second  and  will 
stand  just  in  the  same  relation  to  him  as  he  woud  to  you, 
if  he  shoud  be  appointed  Agent  with  you;  It  woud  be  no 
ways  agreable  to  the  Government  to  have  this  affair  take 
this  turn,  as  it  woud  perhaps  throw  them  into  much  the 
same  disagreable  circumstances,  they  were  in,  during  a 
former  Administration,  when  they  had  an  Agent  strongly 
connected  with  the  Governor  and  wholly  devoted  to  his 
will  and  pleasure,  a scituation  not  to  be  desird  by  any 
Government,  which  has  any  regard  for  the  preservation  of 
its  rights  and  priviledges,  as  it  woud  give  too  great  a weight 
to  the  Chair.  I have  given  you  these  few  hints  and  write 
in  confidence  as  to  a Friend  and  depend  that  no  use  will 

C 129  1 


17633 


yasper  Mauduit 


be  made  of  what  I have  wrote  to  my  prejudice.  I am 
with  Respect  Your  most  humble  Servant, 

Thomas  Cushing. 

P.  S.  I can’t  learn  Mr.  Otis  has  of  late  received  any  of 
your  favors.  He  suspects  his  Letters  have  been  inter- 
cepted. 

THOMAS  CUSHING  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 
Duplicate.  Boston,  October  28th,  1763. 

Sir, — My  last  was  of  the  12th  September  since  which 
have  not  received  any  of  your  Favors.  Agreable  to  your 
Request  that  I wou’d  at  all  times  give  you  my  sentiments 
upon  all  affairs  relative  to  the  Province,  in  which  you  were 
like  to  be  concern’d,  I now  take  the  Liberty  to  write  you 
upon  a subject  that  very  nearly  affects  the  trade  of  this 
Province.  It’s  relative  to  an  Act  of  Parliament  passed  the 
last  session  Intituled  an  Act  for  the  further  improvement 
of  his  majesty’s  Revenue  of  Customs,  etc.,  a Coppy  of 
which  (as  printed  in  our  papers)  you  have  inclosed;  in  pur- 
suance of  which  Act  a Number  of  men  of  warr  have  been 
Stationed  upon  these  Coasts,  the  Captains  of  which,  as 
also  the  severall  Governors  upon  the  Continent,  as  we  are 
inform’d,  have  strict  orders  rigorously  to  execute  the  Act 
of  Parliament  pass’d  in  the  year  1733,  laying  a Duty  upon 
all  foreign  Mollasses  Rum  and  Sugar;  1 this  has  much 

1 “The  molasses  act  as  it  now  stands,  was  undoubtedly  intended  to  have  the  force 
of  prohibition.  To  reduce  the  duty  to  a penny  a gallon  I find  would  be  generally  agree- 
able to  the  people  here  and  the  merchant  would  readily  pay  it.  But  do  they  see  the  con- 
sequence? Wdl  not  this  be  introductory  to  taxes,  duties  and  excises  upon  other  articles, 
and  would  they  consist  with  the  so  much  esteemed  privilege  of  English  subjects  — the 
being  taxed  by  their  own  representatives?  A total  prohibition,  taking  effect,  would  give 
a great  shock  to  the  trade  of  the  colonies  and  I am  surprised  everybody  in  England  does 
not  see  that  it  would  greatly  advance  the  price  of  sugars  and  molasses  spirits  there,  and 
all  to  raise  the  fortunes  of  a few  West  India  planters.”  Thomas  Hutchinson  to  Richard 
Jackson,  August,  1763.  Mass.  Arch.,  xxvi.  65. 

C 1303 


Jasper  Mauduit 


D763 


Alarm’d  us  as  it  is  Sudden  and  unexpected.  It  has  given 
occasion  to  Mr.  Bollan’s  Friends,  who  are  always  seeking 
occasion,  to  find  fault  and  say  if  Mr.  Bollan  had  been 
Agent  this  wou’d  not  have  been,  at  least,  they  say,  he 
wou’d  Strenuously  have  opposed  any  such  Act  and  the  put- 
ting of  it  to  any  such  use,  and  be  sure  woud  have  given 
the  earliest  Advice  of  it.  They  say  the  more  upon  this 
head,  as  Mr.  Bohan  has  wrote  the  Lieut.  Governor  upon 
this  affair  from  whom,  they  say,  the  intelligence  was  not 
so  naturally  to  have  been  expected.  The  Rigourous  exe- 
cution of  this  Act  laying  a duty  on  molasses,  etc.,  will  be 
extreamly  prejudicial  if  not  altogether  destructive  to  the 
trade  of  this  and  the  neighbouring  Governments,  it  de- 
mands therefore  our  greatest  Attention  and  I doubt  not 
the  General  Court  at  the  next  sessions  will  fully  Instruct 
you  upon  this  Head.  In  the  mean  time,  it  is  presumed, 
that  you  (together  with  the  other  Agents  of  the  Nothern 
Colonies)  will  exert  yourself  upon  this  occasion  and  when 
the  Parliament  meet  endeavour  to  gett  this  Act  repealed 
or  in  some  way  or  other  obtain  reliefs  for  us  under  this 
insupportable  Burden.  It  is  not  in  my  power  to  do  Justice 
to  this  Subject,  but  if  it  was,  it  is  too  copious  and  extensive 
to  be  confin’d  to  the  narrow  Limitts  of  a Letter.  The 
importance  of  it,  the  wealth,  power  and  art  of  our  adver- 
saries, the  west  Indians,  the  strong  inclination  of  the  min- 
istry to  raise  a Revenue  out  of  this  duty  and  the  interest 
which  the  Province  has  at  stake,  call  loudly  for  the  great- 
est Care  and  Attention.  You’ll  excuse  me  therefore  if  I 
trouble  you  with  the  mention  of  a fewr  particulars;  I sub- 
mitt to  your  better  Judgment  whether  it  won’t  be  expe- 
dient to  take  some  steps  relative  to  this  affair  previous  to 
the  meeting  of  the  parliament:  may  it  not  be  proper  to 
have  some  persons  on  your  side  of  the  water  (belonging  to 

C 131 1 


17633 


jasper  Mauduit 


some  of  these  Nothern  Colonies)  who  are  well  acquainted 
with  our  trade  to  the  English,  French  and  Dutch  west 
indies  in  particular  and  with  our  Trade  in  generall, 
enquired  of,  so  far  as  relates  to  this  matter;  Some  Persons 
no  doubt  may  be  mett  with  (Capt.  Sam’l  Cary  of  Charles- 
town,1 who  is  now  bound  for  London,  will  be  a good  and  a 
very  intelligent  witness  upon  this  occasion)  who  can  fully 
prove  that  the  price  of  Rum  sugar  and  molasses  in  the 
English  Islands  at  this  time  far  exceeds  the  price  formerly; 
that  notwithstanding  our  trade  with  the  foreign  Colonies, 
the  price  of  Fish  and  Lumber  of  all  kinds,  has  of  late  been 
much  Lower  in  the  English  Islands  than  formerly;  and 
that  the  vessells  from  the  Nothern  Colonies  are  oblidged 
to  wait  a long  time  for  molasses.  These  facts  being  estab- 
lished will  clearly  demonstrate  that  the  Rigorous  Execu- 
tion of  this  Act  is  not  needed  in  order  to  encourage  the 
English  west  india  Islands  and  at  the  same  time  will  prove 
the  Insufficiency  of  these  Islands  fully  to  supply  the 
Nothern  Colonies  with  the  Rum  Sugar  and  Molasses  nec- 
essary for  their  Consumption,  and  that  they  can’t  take  off 
those  commodities  the  Nothern  Colonies  have  to  spare. 
Persons  doubtless  may  be  found  who  cou’d  assertain  what 
Quantities  of  Foreign  molasses  are  annually  imported  into 
these  Colonies  over  and  above  the  molasses  they  receive 
from  the  English  Islands;  who  cou’d  clearly  point  out  the 
great  usefullness  of  this  Trade  (to  the  Foreign  Colonies) 
to  the  Fisherys  particularly  could  inform  what  quantities 
of  Jamaica  and  Refuse  Fish  are  annually  made  in  this  and 
the  Neighbouring  Colonies,  what  Quantities  of  these  arti- 
cles are  annually  taken  off  by  this  Foreign  Trade,  what 
numbers  of  Vessells  are  employed  in  the  Cod  Fishery  and 
in  the  Whale  Fishery  and  what  their  Consumption  of  Rum 


1 Samuel  Carey  (1713-1769),  or  his  son  Samuel  (1742-1812). 

n 1323 


Jasper  Mauduit 


Ci  763 


and  Molasses,  what  Quantities  of  mackrell  alewives  and 
other  small  fish  are  annually  caught  and  exported  to  the 
Foreign  Colonies,  what  quantities  of  Rum  and  molasses 
are  exported  from  these  nothern  Colonies  to  Newfoundland 
for  the  supply  of  the  Fishery,  and  the  Quantity  of  Jamaica 
and  Refuse  Fish  taken  in  Exchange  for  them.  The  resolu- 
tion of  these  questions  woud  show  the  Importance  of  the 
Fishery,  and  how  much  the  Support  of  it  depends  upon 
this  trade  to  the  Foreign  Colonies:  the  Fish  we  catch  is 
divided  into  three  sorts  vizt.  merchantable,  Jamaica  and 
refuse;  a very  large  proportion  of  it  consists  of  Jamaica 
and  refuse  Fish,  for  which  there  is  no  vent  at  the  marketts 
in  Europe,  and  our  English  Islands  are  not  able  to  take  it 
off.  In  short  such  Quantities  of  this  sort  of  Fish  are  some 
years  made,  that  the  whole  vent  in  the  English  and  Foreign 
Colonies,  that  can  be  obtain’d,  is  not  sufficient  to  consume 
the  whole,  but  sometimes  considerable  Quantities  perrish, 
so  that  in  case  this  trade  to  the  Foreign  Colonies  shou’d 
be  prevented,  as  it  affectually  wou’d  be  if  this  high  duty 
shou’d  be  rigorously  exacted,  the  Fishery  must  be  ruin’d, 
and  as  this  togather  with  the  Rum  trade  is  the  Support  of 
all  the  rest,  the  whole  of  our  trade  must  be  distroy’d. 
Instead  of  Trading  we  must  go  to  improving  our  Lands, 
raising  our  own  Flax  and  wool,  wearing  Cloaths  of  our  own 
manufacturing.  For  as  for  English  goods  we  can  send  for 
none,  as  we  shan’t  be  able  to  make  Remittances  to  pay  for 
them:  it  will  certainly  reduce  us  to  the  necessity  of  Trad- 
ing very  little,  living  very  poor,  and  wearing  only  such 
things  as  we  can  raise  and  manufacture  among  ourselves. 
This,  tho’  at  first,  very  grevious  and  irksome,  it’s  appre- 
hended by  some,  will  prove  a wholesome  Severity,  a means 
of  our  becoming  in  a course  of  years  a frugall  industrious, 
opulent  and  independent  people;  how  it  may  be  I can’t 

C 133  H 


1 7633 


Jasper  Mauduit 


say,  but  this  I am  well  satisfied  of,  that  it  will  soon  appear 
to  be  detrimentall  to  the  trade  of  Great  Brittain  and  a 
severe  check  upon  her  manufactures;  this  will  be  evident 
to  every  one  that  considers  that  the  Inhabitants  of  this 
Province  by  their  trade  and  Fishery  are  some  of  the  great- 
est Consumers  of  the  Natural  produce  of  Great  Brittain. 
In  short  all  the  mony  we  gett,  all  the  Oyl  we  catch,  all  the 
Ships  we  build,  all  the  Freights  we  make,  the  neet  pro- 
ceeds, of  all  our  Cod  Fish  at  the  marketts  of  Spain  and 
Portugall;  of  most  of  the  Rum  at  Newfoundland  and 
Guinea,  and  all  the  Proffitts  from  every  Branch  of  Bussi- 
ness,  center  in  Great  Brittain  and  the  whole  is  not  suffi- 
cient to  pay  for  the  goods  we  want.  Lett  it  be  further 
considered  that  if  the  Fishery  here  and  at  Newfoundland 
shou’d  fail,  Great  Brittain  will  be  deprived  of  an  nursery 
for  Seamen  and  in  a few  years  will  want  hands  to  nava- 
gate  her  fleets,  at  the  same  time  the  French  will  have  a 
fine  oppertunity  to  Increase  there  Fishery,  to  promote  the 
growth  of  their  Colonies  and  put  their  Navy  upon  a 
respectable  Footing.  Before  I conclude  I woud  enquire 
what  good  purpose  the  rigorous  execution  of  this  Act  can 
answer?  It  must  be  done  with  a veiw,  either  to  encourage 
and  promote  the  growth  of  the  English  Islands,  or  to  Raise 
a Revenue  to  the  Crown  to  be  appropriated  as  hereafter 
may  be  determined;  as  to  the  first  motive,  it’s  evident  the 
English  Islands  don’t  in  the  least  need  any  such  Support 
and  Encouragement,  as  they  have  vastly  the  advantage  of 
these  Colonies  in  their  Trade  already.  In  short  it  will 
enable  them  to  gain  a monopoly  of  what  they  cannot 
supply,  and  make  them  the  Sole  purchasers  of  what  they 
cannot  take  off;  as  to  the  last,  I mean  a Revenue,  it  may 
easily  be  proved  to  be  an  object  not  worthy  the  attention 
of  the  ministry  when  putt  in  competition  with  the  trade 

Cm!] 


Jasper  Mauduit 


D763 

of  North  America,  a trade  of  vast  Importance  to  Great 
Brittain,  as  the  growth  of  her  manufactures  and  the 
Increase  of  her  Navigation  depend  greatly  upon  it.  The 
Generali  Court  when  they  meet,  will  doubtless  have  the 
Facts  before  mention’d  assertain’d  as  near  as  can  be.  In 
the  mean  time  to  gett  as  many  of  them  as  you  can  proved 
on  your  side  the  water  may  not  be  amiss,  especially  as  all 
evidence  taken  viva  voce  is  Generally  more  satisfactory  than 
otherways.  Upon  the  whole  I apprehend  the  best  way  of 
settling  this  dispute  woud  be  for  the  Parliament  to  Lower 
the  duty  to  half-penny  per  Gallon.  A penny  might  do, 
but  that’s  the  utmost  the  trade  wou’d  bare.  This  I write 
as  a private  person.  It’s  a difficult  affair  for  you  to  con- 
duct at  present,  as  the  Generali  Court  have  heretofore 
instructed  Mr.  Bollan  to  oppose  any  duty  at  all,  as  of 
Dangerous  precedent.  What  their  mind  will  be  now,  I 
can’t  say,  but  I suppose  you  won’t  incline  to  be  very  active 
in  it  (or  at  least  openly  appear  so)  till  you  have  received 
their  Instructions  upon  this  head.  I’m  inclined  to  think 
they  woud  be  willing  the  affair  shoud  take  this  Turn,  pro- 
vided it’s  done  without  their  explicit  Agreement.  I am 
with  great  Respect  Your  most  Humble  Servant, 

Thomas  Cushing. 


THOMAS  CUSHING  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 
Duplicate.  Boston,  November  10,  1763. 

Sir,  — Inclosed  you  have  Copy  of  my  last:  I have  lately 
mett  with  a State  of  the  Controversy  betwixt  the  Sugar 
Colonies  and  the  Nothern  Colonies,  drawn  up  some  years 
ago  (I  believe)  by  Mr.  Bollan.1  As  it  will  throw  light  upon 

1 Probably  a manuscript  statement,  as  no  known  pamphlet  by  Bollan  answers  to 
the  description. 


C 135 1 


I763U 


jasper  Mauduit 


this  subject,  I thought  a copy  of  it  wou’d  be  acceptable, 
which  you  have  inclosed;  It  was  taken  in  great  haste,  the 
ship  being  just  upon  sailing,  by  two  different  hands  at  the 
same  time,  this  is  my  excuse  for  its  being  so  incorrect  and 
illegible.  For  further  information  relative  to  this  impor- 
tant matter  I beg  leave  to  refer  you  to  Mr.  Postlethwait’s 
Dictionary  of  Trade  and  Commerce,  Vol:  I.  p:  870,  where  the 
Arguments  on  both  sides  the  Question  are  fully  stated:  In 
my  last  I referr’d  you  to  Mr.  Sam’l  Cary  for  intelligence 
upon  this  subject,  but  I am  since  informed  he  is  strongly 
connected  with  the  West  India  Interest  1 and  his  Evidence 
must  be  taken  (if  at  all)  with  great  Caution.  I under- 
stand Mr.  Baron’s  who  was  lately  Collector  for  this  Port,2 
is  well  acquainted  with  the  nature  of  our  Trade  and  may 
be  of  service  if  consulted  and  advised  with.  I am  with 
Respect,  Your  most  humble  Servant, 

Thomas  Cushing. 

THOMAS  CUSHING  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  November  n,  1763. 

Sir,  — The  Captain  of  the  Man  of  War  stationed  here  has 
lately  seiz’d  a Brig’t  from  France,  which  touch’d  at  this 
Place  in  her  way,  as  the  owners  say,  to  St.  Eustatia. 
Whether  she  will  be  condemned  is  a Question  not  yet 
determin’d.  I give  you  this  piece  of  intelligence,  as  its 
probable  this  single  Instance  will  be  improved,  by  the 
West  india  Interest  in  the  course  of  your  dispute  with 
them,  as  an  Evidence  of  our  Trading  directly  with  the 
foreign  Governments  in  Europe  contrary  to  Act  of  Parlia- 
ment, but  I hope  our  Character  as  a trading  People  won’t 
be  settled  by  one  or  two  instances  of  this  kind;  It’s  well 

1 The  younger  Carey  was  in  1791  concerned  in  the  Granada  trade. 

2 He  had  been  suspended  from  office  in  1761.  See  Barrington-Bernord  Correspon- 
dence, 30. 

C 1363 


[1763 


jasper  Mauduit 

known  our  Merchants  in  general  dislike  the  Trade  to  Hol- 
land and  France  as  hurtfull  to  our  Mother  Country  and 
like  good  subjects  have  always  discountenanced  it.  A 
number  of  them  went  so  far  some  years  ago  as  publickly  to 
advertise  they  woud  inform  against  all  Persons  carrying  on 
such  trade  to  Holland;  But  at  the  same  time  they  judge 
this  Trade  to  be  pernicious,  they  are  fully  convinced  that 
the  Trade  of  these  Nothern  Colonies  to  the  foreign  Colonies 
is  very  beneficial  and  of  vast  advantage  in  its  consequences 
to  the  Trade  of  Great  Britain,  and  think,  instead  of  being 
obstructed,  it  ought  to  be  encouraged.  They  have  been 
desirous  of  the  General  Court’s  meeting  immediately  in 
order  to  take  some  measures  to  prevent  the  rigorous  exac- 
tion of  the  Duty  upon  Molasses.  However,  it  seems  the 
Court  is  further  prorogued  by  the  Governor  to  the  21st  of 
December  next,  till  which  time  you  can’t  expect  any 
Instructions  from  them  upon  this  matter.  The  reasons 
given  for  this  proroguation  are  various  according  [To]  the 
different  Apprehensions  of  people;  It  is  said  by  some  that 
there  is  no  other  affair  that  calls  for  the  Court’s  meeting 
at  this  time,  That  the  G-v-n-r  has  wrote  home  fully  upon 
this  affair,  which  renders  the  Court’s  meeting  barely  upon 
this  occasion  needless.  It  is  supposed  by  others,  that,  if, 
at  the  next  Session  of  Parliament,  the  Duty  shoud  be  low- 
er’d, or  the  Act  shoud  not  be  revived,  or  if  revived,  the 
Duty  shoud  not  be  rigorously  exacted,  that  the  G-v-n-r, 
by  Virtue  of  his  Letter,  woud  expect  the  whole  Merit  of 
such  a favourable  occurrance;  but  in  this  expectation,  its 
apprehended  by  others,  he  will  be  disappointed,  as  they 
are  confident  that  the  several  Agents  for  these  Nothern 
Colonies  (altho’  they  shoud  be  without  instructions  from 
their  Constituents)  will  by  their  Vigilence  and  Activity 
respecting  this  matter,  have  a considerable  Influence  in 

C 137] 


I763H 


Jasper  Mauduit 


any  favourable  Resolutions  that  may  be  made  by  the  Par- 
liament upon  this  subject  and  doubt  not  we  shall  be  par- 
ticularly informed  of  the  measures  they  may  from  time  to 
time  take  to  give  this  affair  a favourable  Issue.  Before  I 
conclude  I beg  leave  to  observe  that  it  will  be  impossible 
for  the  Ministry  to  gain  a revenue  out  of  the  Duty  as  it 
now  stands,  it  amounts  to  an  absolute  Prohibition  of  the 
Trade;  If  the  duty  of  six  pence  per  Gallon  is  continued  and 
rigorously  exacted,  all  must  desist  altogether  from  import- 
ing molasses  or  run  it  in  clandestinely.  In  either  case  the 
Crown  will  receive  no  revenue.  It  wont  answer  to  import 
it  and  pay  the  present  duty,  as  the  prime  cost  of  it  togather 
with  the  duty  added,  will  make  the  price  of  it  equal  to 
the  price  of  West  india  Rum,  and  West  india  Rum  at  an 
equall  price  having  always  the  preferrence,  the  sale  of  New 
England  Rum  will  be  totally  prevented  and  consequently 
the  importation  of  Molasses  from  which  that  rum  is  dis- 
tilled. In  case  we  have  it  at  all,  therefore,  it  must  be  run; 
perhaps  it  will  be  objected  that  as  we  shall  be  narrowly 
watch’d,  the  risque  of  running  it  will  be  so  great  as  to  pre- 
vent it,  but  it  may  be  answer’d,  that  if  we  don’t  import  it, 
the  Price  of  Rum  and  Molasses  will  be  so  high  as  to  make 
it  worth  while  for  the  French  to  do  it;  It  is  asserted  by  the 
British  Sugar  Planters  that  in  case  we  did  not  purchase 
the  Molasses  of  the  French,  it  woud  be  of  no  value  to 
them,  the  only  use  they  woud  make  of  it  woud  be,  as  for- 
merly, to  give  it  to  their  Hogs  and  Cattle.  Now  this  being 
the  case  and  they  having  experienced  the  Profitts  of  selling 
of  it  to  the  English  and  well  knowing  their  want  of  it, 
won’t  the  Temptation  be  great  to  run  it  in  clandestinely 
among  the  English  Islands  and  the  Nothern  Colonies,  they 
can  run  no  great  risque,  for  if  it  shoud  be  seiz’d  and  for- 
feited (as  its  acknowledged  to  be  of  little  or  no  value)  the 
C 138  a 


jasper  Mauduit 


D763 

loss  can  be  no  great,  on  the  contrary,  if  its  safely  landed,  as 
the  price  will  be  high,  the  Profitts  will  be  large  and  in  a 
short  time  they’ll  run  away  with  the  Trade.  Thus  I think 
it  evidently  appears  that  in  case  the  present  Duty  is  con- 
tinued, the  Crown  can  expect  no  revenue;  whereas  if  the 
Parliament  shoud  think  fitt  to  lower  the  Duty  to  an  half 
penny  or  a penny  per  gallon,  there  woud  be  no  temptation 
to  run  it  and  the  Duty  woud  be  chearfully  and  universally 
paid  and  thereby  a considerable  revenue  accrue. 

I fear  I shall  quite  tire  you  out  with  writing  upon  this 
subject.  I have  wrote  you  already  by  this  conveyance,  but 
the  ship  being  detain’d  by  contrary  winds  and  the  few 
observations  foregoing  occurring  to  my  mind  I thought  it 
woud  not  be  amiss  to  write  again  and  I hope  any  light  I 
may  be  able  from  time  to  time  to  afford  relative  to  this 
matter  will  be  agreable.  I have  wrote  only  as  a private 
person  and  with  entire  freedom  and  presume  no  use  will 
be  made  of  what  I have  wrote  to  my  disadvantage;  I am 
with  respect  Your  most  humble  Servant, 

Thomas  Cushing. 

ROYAL  WARRANT1 

George  R. — ■ Whereas  by  an  Act  of  Parliament  made  in 
the  First  Year  of  our  Reign  for  enabling  us  to  raise  the 
Sum  of  One  Million  for  the  Uses  and  Purposes  therein 
mentioned  and  for  further  appropriating  the  Supplies 
granted  in  that  Session  of  Parliament  It  was  enacted 
that  out  of  all  or  any  the  Aids  or  Supplies  therein  men- 
tioned there  should  and  might  be  issued  and  applied  any 
Sum  or  Sums  of  Money  not  exceeding  Two  hundred  thou- 
sand Pounds  upon  Account  to  enable  us  to  give  a proper 
Compensation  to  the  respective  Provinces  in  North  Amer- 


1 Mass.  Arch.,  vi.  275. 


n 139  u 


17633 


Jasper  Mauduit 


ica  for  the  Expences  incurred  by  them  in  the  levying, 
cloathing  and  Pay  of  the  Troops  raised  by  the  same,  accord- 
ing as  the  active  Vigour  and  strenuous  Efforts  of  the 
respective  Provinces  should  be  thought  by  us  to  merit. 
And  whereas  we  did  by  Warrants  under  our  Royal  Sign 
Manual,  bearing  date  the  16th  day  of  July,  1762,  declare 
our  Resolution  that  the  said  full  Sum  of  Two  hundred 
thousand  Pounds  should  be  applied  for  the  giving  such 
Compensation  to  the  said  Provinces,  and  did  direct  the 
Sum  of  One  hundred  and  ninety  thousand  Pounds  to  be 
paid  in  respect  thereof,  and  the  remaining  Sum  of  Ten 
thousand  Pounds  was  reserved  to  answer  a Claim  which 
had  been  made  on  the  Behalf  of  the  Colony  of  Massachu- 
setts Bay  for  a Sum  of  Money  alledged  to  have  been 
expended  by  the  said  Colony  at  the  requisition  of  General 
Amherst,  Commander  in  Chief  of  our  Forces  in  North 
America,  in  raising  and  paying  Troops  for  Garrison  at 
Louisburg  and  Nova  Scotia  in  the  Winter  preceeding  the 
Campaign  of  1760.  And  we  being  given  to  understand  by 
the  Commissioners  of  our  Treasury  that  upon  Examina- 
tion of  the  said  Claim  it  appears  that  the  Sum  of  Three 
thousand  Pounds  is  due  to  the  said  Province  for  the  said 
Service;  therefore  to  satisfy  the  said  Demand  and  to  make 
a Distribution  of  the  Residue  of  the  said  Sum  of  Ten  thou- 
sand Pounds  for  the  use  of  the  said  Provinces,  according 
to  the  Proportion  observed  in  the  payment  of  the  said  Sum 
of  one  hundred  and  ninety  thousand  Pounds,  our  Will  and 
Pleasure  is,  and  we  do  hereby  direct,  authorize  and  com- 
mand that  you  do  apply  the  Sum  of  Ten  thousand  Pounds 
which  hath  been  imprested  to  you  for  this  Service  in  pay- 
ing the  following  Sums  of  money  unto  such  Person  or  Per- 
sons who  is,  or  are,  or  shall  be  duly  authorized  and  impow- 
ered  to  receive  the  same  for  and  on  the  behalf  of  the 

C I4°  3 


Jasper  Mauduit 


Ci  763 


respective  Provinces  herein  after  mentioned,  that  is  to  say, 
the  Sum  of  Three  thousand  Pounds  for  the  use  of  the 
Province  of  Massachusetts  Bay  in  full  satisfaction  of  the 
said  Claim;  and  the  further  sum  of  Two  thousand  one 
hundred  and  ninety  Pounds  Twelve  Shillings  and  six  Pence 
for  the  Use  also  of  the  said  Province;  the  Sum  of  three 
hundred  and  Fifty  one  Pounds  Five  Shillings  and  six  Pence 
for  the  use  of  the  Province  of  New  Flampshire.  The  Sum 
of  Four  hundred  and  Twenty  Pounds  three  Shillings  for 
the  Use  of  the  Province  of  Rhode  Island  and  Providence 
Plantations.  The  Sum  of  one  thousand  four  hundred  and 
ninety-nine  Pounds  two  Shillings  for  the  Use  of  the  Prov- 
ince or  Colony  of  Connecticut  in  New  England.  The 
Sum  of  One  Thousand  and  Eighty-nine  Pounds  three  Shil- 
lings for  the  Use  of  the  Province  of  New  York.  The  Sum 
of  Four  hundred  and  twelve  Pounds  twelve  Shillings  and 
six  Pence  for  the  Use  of  the  Province  of  New  Jersey  or 
Nova  Cesaria.  The  Sum  of  Five  hundred  and  ninety-five 
Pounds,  Fifteen  Shillings  and  Six  Pence  for  the  Use  of  the 
Province  of  Pensilvania  with  the  other  Government  of  the 
Counties  of  New  castle,  Kent  and  Sussex  or  Delaware.  And 
the  Sum  of  Four  hundred  and  Fifty  One  Pounds  Six  Shil- 
lings for  the  Use  of  the  Province  of  Virginia.  All  which 
said  Sums  are  to  be  paid  without  deduction  and  without 
Account.  And  this  shall  be  as  well  to  you  for  making  such 
Payment  as  to  ou  Auditors  and  all  others  concerned  in 
passing  your  Accounts  for  allowing  the  same  there  upon  a 
sufficient  Warrant.  Given  at  our  Court  of  St.  James’s  this 
14th  day  of  December,  1763,  in  the  fourth  Year  of  our 
Reign. 

By  His  Majesty’s  command.  George  Grenville 

John  Turner 
Thos.  Orby  Hunter 
C Mi  1 


17643 


Jasper  Mauduit 


To  our  Right  Trusty  and  well  beloved  councillor,  Henry, 
Lord  Holland,  Paymaster  General  of  our  Guards,  Garri- 
sons and  Land  Forces. 


ORDER  OF  THE  GENERAL  COURT 


In  the  House  of  Representatives,  Febr’y  3,  1764. 

Ordered , That  the  Secretary  be  directed  to  write  to  Mr. 
Agent  Mauduit  to  send  an  Account  of  the  whole  Charge  of 
his  Agency  at  the  Court  of  Great  Britain. 

Sent  up  for  Concurrence 

Timo.  Ruggles,  Spk. 


In  Council,  Febr’y  3,  1764. 
Consented  to, 


Read  and  Concurred. 

Jno.  Cotton,  D.  Sec. 


Fra.  Bernard 

Copy  examined.  A.  Olive  r,  Sec.1 


1 As  a matter  of  administration  such  an  order  would  be  proper,  the  originals  having 
been  destroyed  by  fire;  but  there  may  have  been  another  reason  for  adopting  it — a de- 
cline of  confidence  in  Mauduit.  About  this  time  Hollis  and  Mauduit  must  have  had  a 
difference,  for  the  former  wrote  to  Mayhew,  December  6,  1763:  “It  is  my  request,  that 
in  the  future  you  do  not  put  me  into  any  sort  of  connection  whatsoever,  with  Mr.  Agent 
Mauduit,  or  with  his  Brother  once  the  Reverend  Mr.  Israel  Mauduit.”  Perhaps  the 
next  paragraph  of  the  letter  may  have  some  connection  with  the  charge  thus  laid  on 
Mayhew;  “Little  can  I serve  your  Cause,  the  Cause  of  Liberty  in  New  England;  but 
what  I can  I will  serve  it,  tho’  by  ways,  at  times,  unknown  to  any  one.”  The  demands 
made  upon  his  time  and  generosity  by  his  American  correspondents  had  more  than  once 
led  him  to  request  their  forbearance,  and  to  assure  them  that  his  time  was  fully  occupied 
by  his  own  concerns.  But  such  an  explanation  must  be  rejected  in  view  of  Mayhew’s 
reply:  “I  shall  not  forget  your  injunctions  as  to  putting  you  into  any  kind  of  connection 
with  two  gentlemen  mentioned  by  you.  I am,  at  least  externally,  on  good  terms  with 
them  hitherto;  but  I well  know  that  this  world  was  never  free  from  Janus’s  and  Tempo- 
rizers, both  in  religion  and  politics.”  Almost  immediately  Dr.  Mayhew  did  send  to  Israel 
Mauduit  by  the  hand  of  Hollis  one  of  his  controversial  writings,  asking  him  to  overlook 
this  violation  of  his  injunction,  and  so  called  out  a repetition  of  the  command,  “I  again 
request  you  not  to  put  me  into  any  connection  whatsoever  with  Mr.  Israel  Mauduit.” 
And  he  had  a fling  at  him  later:  “It  was,  perhaps,  the  well-timeing  of  the  publication  of 
the  last  Tract  [just  before  the  opening  of  Parliament],  though  Tradesman  Mauduit 
wished  to  have  had  it  published,  but  abridged,  the  beginning  of  the  Summer,  that  drew  the 
Public  Eye  upon  it,  shamed  Leviathan  [Seeker],  and  forced  what  he  called  ‘An  Answer.’” 


Jasper  Mauduit 


Ci  764 


THOMAS  HUTCHINSON  TO  WILLIAM  BOLLAN1 

Boston,  6 February,  1764 

The  General  Court  removed  to  Cambridge,  the  small- 
pox being  rife  in  several  families  in  Boston.  About  io  days 
ago  some  of  the  members  of  the  House  who  were  dissatis- 
fied with  the  state  of  the  province  affairs  in  England, 
moved  to  chuse  an  agent  to  go  from  hence.  Great  oppo- 
sition was  made,  but  it  obtained  46  against  40,  and  the 
Council  concurred.  When  they  came  to  a choice  I had  all 
the  votes  except  8 of  both  Houses.  I was  extremely  per- 
plexed and  after  some  days’  deliberation  I gave  my  answer 
that  I doubted  whether  the  extraordinary  expense  of  my 
going  from  hence  would  not  more  than  equal  any  service  I 
could  do  them,  and  besides  that  it  was  not  practicable  for 
me  to  go  under  3 or  4 months.  I left  it  therefore  for  them 
either  wholly  to  excuse  me  for  the  reasons  mentioned,  or  to 
admit  of  my  engaging  as  soon  as  the  obstructions  could  be 
removed.  The  House  voted  to  excuse  me  for  the  reasons 
mentioned  in  my  answer.2  The  Board  non-concurred,  and 
the  affair  being  in  this  situation,  the  Court  was  pro- 
rogued, the  other  business  being  finished,  and  I suppose 
will  not  sit  again  until  May.  The  Governor  advised  me 
not  to  accept  without  writing  to  Lord  Halifax  and  this 
advice  fell  in  with  my  inclination.3  Otherwise  I could 

1 Mass.  Arch.,  xxvi.  76. 

2 In  another  letter,  possibly  to  Jackson,  dated  February  7,  Hutchinson  stated  that 
of  the  eight  votes  against  his  selection,  three  were  cast  by  the  members  from  Boston, 
being  all  of  that  delegation  present  at  the  time.  When  the  question  of  confirming  the 
choice  or  of  excusing  him  from  going  to  England  was  presented,  many  of  the  distant 
members  had  gone  home,  and  Oxenbridge  Thacher,  a Boston  member,  who  had  been 
absent  from  the  first  election,  was  present,  making  the  party  against  thd  agency  the 
stronger.  Hutchinson  was  excused  by  a vote  of  33  to  30,  but  the  Board  by  a division 
of  its  members  nonconcurred.  In  other  letters  Hutchinson  said  he  was  excused  by  a 
majority  of  two  votes. 

3 Not  immediately,  for  he  wrote  to  Jackson:  “I  must  own  I never  imagined  until 

CI43  3 


Jasper  Mauduit 


1764I] 

hardly  have  brought  myself  to  think  that  I should  have 
given  offense  as  my  post  had  neither  business  nor  emolu- 
ment annexed  to  it.  I have  wrote  by  this  ship,  and  desired 
of  My  Lord  Halifax  that  if  this  request  should  be  renewed 
I might  have  leave.1  It  is  uncertain  whether  it  will  or  no. 
They  begin  to  attack  me  in  the  papers  already.  If  it 
should,  I find  a great  reluctance  when  I take  a near  view 
of  it.  If  I thought  I could  do  any  service  I would  run  the 
risk  of  being  reproached  for  doing  it.  I have  no  personal 
advantage  in  view  except  the  improvement  of  my  mind; 
new  posts  or  new  employments  I do  not  desire.  You  can 
see  the  thing  in  a truer  light  than  I can.  I wish  you  would 


then  that  a commission  without  any  kind  of  business  or  perquisite  could  be  intended  to 
confine  me  to  a particular  place,  but  upon  consideration  I was  satisfied  the  Governor’s 
advice  was  right.” 

1 “The  Assembly  in  their  present  session  by  a general  vote  desired  me  to  take  a 
voyage  to  England  as  agent  for  the  province  to  transact  several  affairs  which  are  depend- 
ing there.  Although  the  Lt.  Gov.’s  place  whilst  the  Governor  is  in  the  province  has 
neither  business  nor  emolument  annexed  to  it,  yet  I did  not  think  it  proper  to  be  absent 
without  leave.  Notwithstanding  my  refusal  at  this  time  it  is  possible  the  Assembly, 
which  by  charter  is  to  meet  the  30th  of  May,  may  make  the  same  request.  I humbly  ask 
your  Lordship  that  if  they  should  repeat  their  desire,  I may  have  leave  to  comply  with 
it,  unless  it  shall  appear  to  your  Lordship  to  be  for  his  Majesty’s  service  that  I should 
remain  in  America.”  Hutchinson  to  the  Earl  of  Halifax,  February  3,  1764.  Mass.  Arch., 
xxvi.  78.  Leave  was  refused. 

A memorial  on  the  molasses  duty  was  prepared,  entirely  the  work  of  Israel  Mau- 
duit. “He  thought  that  it  might  be  of  service  to  lay  the  Argument  in  one  View  before 
their  Lordships.  And  considering  the  very  formidable  number  of  Votes,  which  the  West 
Indians  have  in  the  house  of  Commons;  that  it  is  our  business  to  avoid  as  much  as  pos- 
sible the  committing  ourselves  in  any  dispute  with  them.  Many  of  the  Merchants  he  has 
talk’d  with  are  convinced  that  it  is  a common  Concern  of  both  Colonies  to  discourage 
as  much  as  possible  the  French,  Dutch  and  Danish  Distilleries;  and  for  that  purpose  to 
allow  the  foreign  Islands  to  sell  their  Molasses.  But  many  of  the  mere  Islanders  don’t 
choose  to  look  so  far.  One  thing  their  own  Interest  has  suggested  which  may  be  of 
service.  They  have  desired  the  Lords  of  the  Treasury  that  no  ship  may  be  permitted 
to  sail  from  our  West  Indies,  without  a Certificate  upon  Oath,  that  the  Sugar,  Rum  or 
Molasses  on  board  are  the  produce  of  the  Island  cleared  from.”  Jasper  Mauduit  to  the 
Speaker,  February  11,  1764.  Mass.  Arch.,  xxn.  351.  A printed  copy  of  this  memorial 
dated  (in  ms.)  February  9,  1764  and  signed  by  Jasper  Mauduit  is  in  the  John  Carter 
Brown  Library,  Providence. 

C 1443 


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Jasper  Mauduit 

give  me  your  candid  advice.  There  will  be  opportunities 
before  that  affair  can  come  forward  again.  Your  affect, 
humb.  sert. 

HARRISON  GRAY  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  Feb’ry  7,  1764. 

Sir,  — Inclosed  you  have  an  Account  of  the  bills  drawn  on 
you  since  my  last  of  the  2d  of  November,  amounting  to 
the  Sum  of  Four  thousand  six  hundred  and  eighty  pounds. 
The  General  Court  at  their  last  Session  made  choice  of  His 
Honor  the  Lieut.  Governor  to  be  in  the  joynt  Agency  with 
you,  not  from  any  disrespect  to  you,  but  it  was  appre- 
hended from  some  of  his  Honor’s  friends  in  the  House, 
that  no  one  in  this  Country  was  so  well  acquainted  with 
the  dispute  that  has  been  long  subsisting  between  this 
Province  and  the  other  Colonies  relative  to  the  Line. 
His  Honor  has  excused  himself  from  that  service.  My  sin- 
cere compliments  to  your  Brother.  I have  the  Honor  to 
be  Your  most  Obedient  Humble  Servant, 

H.  Gray. 

THOMAS  CUSHING  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  Jan’y:  [blank ],  1764. 

Sir,  — Since  the  foregoing  the  Generali  Court  have  mett 
and  have  chose  a large  Committee  of  both  Houses  to  con- 
sider how  our  Trade  is  affected  by  the  Act  of  Parliament 
laying  a duty  upon  Molasses,  etc.  The  Committee  have 
mett  and  we  are  prepairing  Instructions  for  you  upon  this 
matter.  I find  the  Committee  in  general  are  of  oppinion 
that  this  Act  is  at  this  time  put  in  rigorous  execution  in 
order  to  obtain  our  Consent  to  some  Dutys  being  laid,  but 
this  is  look’d  upon  of  dangerous  consequence  as  it  will  be 

C 145  H 


Jasper  Mauduit 


17643 

conceeding  to  the  Parliaments  having  a Right  to  Tax  our 
trade  which  we  can’t  by  any  means  think  of  admitting,  as 
it  wou’d  be  contrary  to  a fundamentall  Principall  of  our 
Constitution  vizt.  That  all  Taxes  ought  to  originate  with 
the  people.  Now  this  can’t  be  at  present  the  case  with 
any  duty’s  the  Parliament  may  lay,  as  we  are  not  Allowed 
a Representative  in  Parliament;  Its  probable  therefore  you 
will  be  instructed  Strenuously  to  oppose  any  duty  at  all 
being  laid.  If  they  impose  any  it  must  be  without  our 
Consent.  I mention  this  for  your  Government.  I hope 
your  Instructions  will  be  ready  and  forwarded  by  the  first 
Vessell  • — -in  the  meantime  I am  with  Respect  Your  hum- 
ble Servant,  Thomas  Cushing. 


Boston,  February  nth,  1764. 

Mr.  Mauduit.  Sir,  — Since  my  last  the  General  Court 
have  finished  your  Instructions  1 relative  to  the  Sugar  Act 

1 On  January  27  the  House  appointed  Edmund  Trowbridge,  Chambers  Russell, 
James  Otis,  John  Winslow  and  Royall  Tyler  a committee  to  prepare  instructions  for 
Mauduit.  The  names  added  from  the  Council  are  not  entered  in  the  printed  Journals. 
As  the  Court  was  prorogued  February  4,  the  instructions  were  prepared  by  the  com- 
mittee during  the  recess.  They  are  in  Mass.  Arch.,  xxn.  320.  They  reached  Mauduit 
late  in  March,  too  late  to  be  of  real  service. 

“In  my  letter  of  the  12th  of  March  I mentioned,  that  it  was  intended  to  keep  up 
Ten  Thousand  Men  in  the  several  parts  of  America  and  the  West  Indies.  And  that  the 
Colonies  should  contribute  to  the  Maintenance  of  them.  I have  not  since  the  writing  of 
that  Letter  received  any  objections  to  this  scheme,  and  therefore  did  not  think  myself 
at  Liberty  to  make  any;  but  judged  it  best,  as  we  could  not  oppose,  to  make  a Merit  of 
our  Submission.  Nor  indeed  could  any  opposition  at  all  avail,  in  the  present  state  of  our 
Finances.  Mr.  Grenville,  after  the  kindest  expressions  of  regard  to  the  Colonies,  assured 
my  brother,  that  whatever  were  the  distresses  bro’t  upon  the  revenue  by  the  extravagant 
Expenses  of  the  War,  they  did  not  mean  to  draw  anything  from  America  for  the  relief  of 
them.  All  that  was  desired  was,  that  it  should  bear  the  charge  of  its  own  Government 
and  Defence,  and  nothing  more.  In  this  the  Parliament  will  most  certainly  concur  with 
him.  Nor  do  I find  the  least  Disposition  in  the  other  Agents  to  oppose  it.  All  that  we 
can  desire,  therefore,  is  to  have  the  Duties  laid  on  in  such  a manner,  as  shall  be  the  most 
equal,  and  the  least  prejudicial  to  our  trade.”  Jasper  Mauduit  to  the  Speaker,  February 
11,  1764.  Mass.  Arch.,  xxn.  350. 

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and  the  Secretary  forwarded  you  the  same  by  the  last 
conveyance.  While  this  matter  was  under  consideration  it 
was  represented  that  the  Ministry  were  meditating  some 
new  Regulations  with  respect  to  the  Colonies,  that  a num- 
ber of  Forces  were  to  be  sent  to  garrison  the  Forts  upon  the 
Frontiers,  that  the  Forces  were  to  be  supported  by  a 
Revenue  to  be  raised  out  of  Dutys  to  be  laid  upon  our 
Trade,  etc.  And  a Motion  of  a sudden  was  made  to  chuse 
some  Person  on  this  side  the  Water  acquainted  with  the 
nature  of  our  Trade  and  with  Government  affairs,  as  an 
Agent  to  be  joined  with  yourself  in  order  to  prevent  any 
such  Duties  being  laid  and  to  transact  the  Business  of  the 
Province  at  the  Court  of  Great  Britain,  and  after  some 
debate  the  question  was  put  and  out  of  86  Members  46 

In  opening  his  budget  Grenville  postponed  stamp  duties  for  a year,  while  suggesting 
a duty  of  three  pence  a gallon  on  foreign  molasses  imported  into  North  America.  Gren- 
ville, in  suspending  stamp  duties  for  one  year,  wished  to  give  to  the  Provinces  their  op- 
tion, to  submit  to  the  proposed  duties,  or  to  raise  an  equivalent  sum  by  another  tax  — 
“desirous,  as  he  expressed  himself,  to  consult  the  Ease,  the  Quiet,  and  the  Goodwill  of 
the  Colonies.”  Jasper  Mauduit  to  the  Speaker,  March  13,  1764.  Mass.  Arch.,  xxn.  359. 
“The  present  sense  of  Parliament  is  such,  that  I should  only  flatter  and  deceive  the  Gen- 
eral Court,  if  I led  them  to  imagine,  that  any  one  Man  of  Consequence  there  would  stand 
up  in  his  place,  and  avow  an  opinion  that  America  ought  not  to  bear  at  least  the  greater 
part  of  the  expense  of  its  own  Government;  or  that  Acts  of  Parliament  (tho’  not  Orders 
of  Council)  were  not  obligatory  upon  all  his  Majesty’s  Subjects  in  all  parts  of  his  Do- 
minion.” Jasper  Mauduit  to  the  Secretary,  April  7,  1764.  Ib.,  363. 

“A  few  days  ago  several  of  the  Agents  waited  upon  Mr.  Grenville,  to  know  his  in- 
tention upon  that  subject  [stamp  duties].  When  he  told  us  that  he  was  still  of  the  same 
mind.  That  of  the  several  Inland  Duties  that  of  the  stamps  was  the  most  equal,  required 
the  fewest  officers,  and  was  attended  with  least  Expense  in  the  Collecting  of  it.  That 
therefore,  tho  he  doubted  not  but  that  the  Colonies  would  wish  rather  to  have  no  tax  at 
all;  yet  as  the  necessities  of  Government  rendered  it  an  indispensable  duty,  he  should 
certainly  bring  in  such  a Bill.  And  in  the  meantime  he  should  leave  it  to  each  province 
to  signify  their  Assent  to  such  a Bill  in  General,  or  their  requests  about  any  particular 
modifications  of  it  as  they  should  think  fit.  My  Brother  took  the  Liberty  of  desiring 
to  have  the  particular  heads  of  the  Bill;  without  which  he  said  it  would  be  asking  the 
province  to  assent  to  they  did  not  know  what.  But  was  answered,  that  that  was  not 
necessary.  That  everyone  knew  the  stamp  laws  here;  and  that  this  Bill  is  intended 
to  be  formed  upon  the  same  plan.”  Jasper  Mauduit  to  the  Secretary,  May  26,  1764. 
Ib.,  375.  A duplicate  is  in  lvi.  425. 


17643 


jasper  Mauduit 


were  for  chusing  an  Agent  to  be  join’d  with  yourself  and 
the  next  day  proceeded  to  the  choice.  Mr.  Hutchinson  the 
Lieut.  Governor,  having  been  bread  a Merchant  and  been 
long  conversant  in  Government  affairs,  was  thought  of  as 
a suitable  Person,  and  no  other  person  appearing  inclin’d 
to  undertake  this  Business,  he  was  choose.  His  Honor, 
after  taking  this  matter  under  consideration,  return’d  for 
answer,  that  as  it  was  not  probable  any  services  he  could 
do  woud  contervail  the  Charges  of  a voyage  to  Great 
Brittain  and  of  his  support  while  there,  and  as  his  affairs 
were  attended  with  some  difficulties  which  coud  not  be 
removed  under  three  or  four  months  he  left  it  with  the 
Court  either  wholly  to  excuse  him  from  the  Agency  or  to 
permitt  him  then,  (if  inclined,)  to  take  it  up.1  The  House 
took  this  answer  under  consideration  and  as  they  appre- 
hended it  woud  be  very  expensive  and  an  additional  agent, 
if  necessary,  woud  be  wanted  immediately;  they  voted 
wholly  to  excuse  His  Honor  from  the  Agency.  The  Coun- 
cil were  divided  in  their  sentiments  upon  this  matter, 
one  half  of  them  were  for  wholly  excusing  His  Honor  and 
the  other  half  were  for  his  considering  of  it  for  a while. 
The  Court  soon  rose  and  so  this  matter  ended  and  I believe 
the  House  will  not  be  very  soon  perswaded,  (if  His  Honor 
shoud  hereafter  be  inclined)  to  vote  for  sending  him  again. 
I hope  you  will  be  able  to  gett  the  affair  relative  to  Duties 
upon  Molasses  settled  this  winter,  in  that  case  the  Court 
will  judge  it  altogether  needless  to  have  him  for  an  addi- 
tional Agent.  It  has  been  suggested  that  the  Ministry  will 
attempt  to  obtain  a stampt  Act  laying  a duty  upon  all 
writings  in  the  Colonies.  I doubt  not  you  will  oppose 


1 Hutchinson’s  letter  is  printed  in  the  Journals  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
February  2,  1764. 

C 148  3 


jasper  Mauduit  D764 

strenuously  such  an  attempt  with  all  other  Projects  of  the 
like  nature.1 

Mr.  Bollan  some  time  since  sent  his  Account  and  a 
Committee  was  appointed  to  examine  the  same  during  the 
recess  of  the  Court.  The  Committee  reported  this  sessions 
and  the  House  have  order’d  that  a copy  of  said  Report 
togather  with  the  Account  annex’d  shoud  be  sent  you  as 
also  to  Mr.  Bollan.  It  is  an  Account  of  long  standing  and 
therefore  difficult  to  settle.  This  was  observed  by  the 
House  while  this  Account  was  under  consideration  and 
therefore  it  was  moved  that  to  prevent  the  like  difficulties 
in  the  adjustment  of  your  accounts,  that  the  secretary 
might  be  directed  and  he  was  accordingly  directed  to  desire 
you  to  transmit  your  accounts  as  soon  as  conveniently  you 
coud,  and  it  is  apprehended  by  your  Friends  that  Justice  is 
more  likely  to  be  done  you  by  frequent  settlements,  than 
other  ways.  Mr.  Jackson’s  Friends  have  not  ventur’d  this 
sessions  to  propose  his  being  join’d  with  you  in  the  Agency. 
The  objections  are  so  obvious  that  they  dispair’d  of  obtain- 
ing a vote  for  it,  besides  they  were  apprehensive  that  the 
generality  of  the  Court  were  disposed  for  joining  your 
Brother.  The  G-v-n-r’s  great  attachment  to  Mr.  Jackson 
and  the  hurry  and  confusion  the  Court  have  been  in  this 
Session  has  been  the  prevailing  reasons  with  your  Friends 
for  not  moving  for  this  latter  junction  this  session.  The 
hurry  and  confusion  in  the  Court  has  been  or  was  occa- 
sioned by  the  Courts  being  oblidged  on  account  of  the 

1 “As  to  the  other  American  Bills,  they  are  not  yet  bro’t  into  the  House;  nor  is  it 
determined  when  they  will  be.  Your  trade  I know  languishes  under  the  pressure  of  that 
heavy  Duty  on  Molasses;  and  upon  that  Account  it  were  to  be  wish’d  that  the  Intended 
regulations  might  speedily  take  place;  But  upon  the  other  Account  this  is  a very  bad 
Sessions  for  any  such  attempt,  when  the  state  of  parties  is  such,  that  50  or  60  West  India 
voters  can  turn  the  balance  on  which  side  they  please.  I heartily  wish  you  to  escape 

every  distress  of  this  sort.”  Israel  Mauduit  to , March  3,  1764.  Mass.  Arch.,  lvi. 

4x2. 


C 149 1 


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1764] 

Small  Pox  to  remove  from  Boston  to  Cambridge,  where 
they  had  not  been  many  days  before  the  Colledge  in  which 
they  satt  was  consumed  by  Fire  togather  with  the  Library 
and  Apparatus,  a very  great  and  sore  loss  to  that  Society 
and  to  the  whole  Province.  I doubt  not  your  good  offices 
togather  with  the  rest  of  the  Friends  of  New  England  to 
promote  any  measures  that  it  may  be  thought  expedient 
to  prosecute  in  order  to  retreive  this  Loss  and  to  replace 
the  Library  and  Apparatus.  I am  with  Respect  Your 
most  humble  Servant,  Thomas  Cushing. 

ISRAEL  MAUDUIT  TO  — 1 

Sir,  — I thank  you  very  kindly  for  the  Pamphlets  you 
were  so  good  as  to  send  me,  with  your  remarks  on  the 
state  of  the  Controversy  between  our  good  friend  2 and  his 
opponents,  which  I think  ingenious  and  well  founded.  I 
herewith  send  you  a Copy  of  the  London  Edition  of  the 
Dr’s  work,  and  an  answer  to  it,  written  and  printed  here. 
It  is  writt  with  great  Art,  and  reads  to  advantage  by 
carrying  the  face  of  Moderation  and  good  Temper.  In  the 
main  it  does  the  Dr.  honour;  as  it  acknowledges  that  there 
has  been  ground  given  for  the  Complaint. 

You’ll  excuse  my  enlarging:  as  I am  at  present  much 
taken  up  in  preparing  and  sollicking  a bill  in  parliament 
for  the  encouragement  of  the  whale  fishery,  which  as  it  is 
my  own  undertaking,  I am  willing  to  go  thro  with.  I am, 
Sir,  your  humble  Servant,  Israel  Mauduit. 

Lime  Street,  14  February,  1764. 

1 Mass.  Arch.,  lvi.  41 1.  2 Mayhew. 


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Jasper  Mauduit 


D764 


THOMAS  CUSHING  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  March  29,  1764 

Sir, — I have  received  your  kind  Favor  of  12  November 
last.  I hope  you  will  by  no  means  come  into  any  sudden 
Determination  with  respect  to  the  Agency.  You  have 
represented  to  the  Court  the  advantage  that  will  accrue  to 
the  Province  from  your  Brother’s  being  joined  with  you, 
you  have  also  informed  them  of  your  ill  state  of  health,  and 
if  from  thence  the  Business  of  the  Province  should  at  any 
time  Suffer,  they  will  have  to  blame  themselves  not  you. 
Besides,  if  at  this  juncture  you  shoud  resolve  to  resign,  the 
late  Choice  the  Court  have  made  of  Mr.  Hutchinson  will 
perhaps  be  thought  by  some  to  be  the  prevailing  motive 
to  such  a determination.  The  Court  approve  much  of  your 
conduct.  They  are  very  desirous  of  and  still  expect  to 
reap  great  Benefit  from  your  further  Services.  Your 
Resignation  therefore  will  greatly  supprize  them,  as  well 
as  Disappoint  them.  I conclude  with  my  respects  [to] 
your  Brother,  Your  most  humble  Servant, 

Thomas  Cushing. 

ANDREW  OLIVER  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  3d  April,  1764. 

Sir,  — I have  made  up  a Box  of  Public  Papers  which  go 
by  the  Brigantine  New  Swallow , Andrew  Gardner,  Master, 
bound  for  Bristol,  to  your  Address.  I have  desired  Mr. 
William  Jones  of  Bristol  to  forward  the  Box  to  London  by 
the  Machine,  and  pray  you  woud  reimburse  him  any 
Charge  attending  it.  There  are  for  yourself  in  the  Box 
Copies  of  16  Acts  passed  the  last  Session  of  the  Court, 
authenticated  under  the  Province  Seal,  and  a Journal  of 

[ISO 


Jasper  Mauduit 


17643 

the  House  of  Representatives  the  same  session,  to  which 
is  annexed  printed  Copies  of  the  State  of  our  Controversies 
with  the  neighbouring  Governments,* 1  which  I sent  you  in 
Manuscript  in  my  last  by  order  of  the  Court. 

There  is  in  the  Box  a journal  for  Mr.  Jackson,  and  a 
large  parcel  for  Mr.  Pownall,  Secretary  to  the  Board  of 
Trade.  I have  likewise  inclosed  a Letter  to  Mrs.  Mary 
Wightwick  in  Strutton  Street  (if  there  be  such  a Street) 
Picadilly:  I pray  your  Care  of  these  Inclosures,  and  should 
be  glad  to  know  that  the  Letter  to  Mrs.  Wightwick  reaches 
her  hands,  and  that  you  would  be  kind  enough  to  forward 
me  any  Answer  from  her.  The  other  Inclosures  are  from 
the  Governor,  who  would  be  obliged  to  you  for  your  care 
in  forwarding  them  as  directed. 

You  will  see  by  the  Journal  of  the  House,  that  a Motion 
originated  there  the  last  Session  for  sending  a Person  from 
hence  to  join  with  you  in  the  Agency.  The  time  seemed  to 
be  critical,  not  only  as  it  was  apprehended  that  the  Min- 
istry might  use  their  influence  in  Parliament  for  laying 
duties  on  sundry  Articles  in  the  Colonies;  but  as  it  was 
apprehended  likewise  that  now  the  War  was  over,  they 
would  proceed  to  the  settlement  of  the  Boundaries  between 
the  several  Governments.  It  was  judg’d  that  one  among 
Ourselves  must  be  more  intimately  acquainted  with  the 
circumstances  on  which  these  matters  might  turn,  than  it 
was  possible  to  make  the  standing  Agent  acquainted  with 
them  by  writing.  The  Board  came  into  the  Proposal,  and 
the  Choice  fell  on  the  Lieut.  Governor:  But  as  he  thought 
himself  obliged  to  acquaint  the  Ministry  before  he  ven- 
tured to  leave  the  Province,  he  waived  the  matter,  as  you 
will  see  by  the  Copy  of  his  Letter  in  the  Journal.  The 
House  thereupon  voted  to  excuse  him  wholly  from  the 


1 This  is  appended  to  the  printed  Journal,  1763-64. 

I 1523 


Jasper  Mauduit 


D764 


Service;  the  Board  nonconcurred  this  Vote,  and  so  this 
business  is  suspended:  How  it  will  issue  cannot  at  present 
be  determined;  You  may  possibly  know  the  determination 
of  the  Ministry  sooner  than  we.  And  as  to  the  Affair  of  the 
proposed  Duties;  that  is  most  probably  determined  already. 

I am  much  obliged  to  your  Brother  for  the  Lights  he 
has  given  me  in  these  matters.  I am,  Sir,  Your  most 
obedient  and  most  humble  Servant,  And’w  Oliver. 

Sir,  — I must  pray  you  to  excuse  this  coming  on  a single 
half  Sheet,  the  other  half  was  so  defaced  since  writing  this, 
that  I was  obliged  to  take  it  off,  and  have  not  time  to 
transcribe  it. 

Your  favour  of  17  December  with  Mr.  Sewel’s  Opinion 
on  Mr.  Martyn’s  Will  is  come  to  hand.1 

JASPER  MAUDUIT  TO  [SECRETARY  OLIVER?]2 

London,  April  5,  1764. 

In  conformity  to  the  orders  of  the  General  Court  I now 
send  them  my  Account,  which  they  will  find  to  be  a very 
short  one.  As  I have  immediately  after  the  Receit  of  their 
Money  either  placed  it  in  the  Bank,  or  applied  it  to  paying 
their  Drafts;  and  have  kept  their  Exchequer  Bills  at  Inter- 
est for  the  use  of  the  Province,  I think  myself  intitled  to  a 
Commission:  which  I have  put  only  at  one  per  Cent.  You 
will  see  that  I take  no  notice  of  Postage  and  all  other 
charges  attending  their  service  except  only  the  mere  fees  of 

1 “With  respect  to  Mr.  Martin’s  Legacy,  the  Case  as  drawn  by  Mr.  Anderson,  as 
also  that  by  me,  both  of  which  Mr.  Sewall  has  given  his  Opinion  on,  were  read  to  the 
General  Court  at  which  were  present  some  Members,  eminent  Professors  of  Law;  and 
considering  well  all  Circumstances,  they  were  of  Opinion  that  the  Scots  Society  have  no 
Right  to  that  Money,  but  we  came  to  no  Resolution  because  we  expect  an  Answer  to 
mine  of  the  17th  of  December  past  relative  to  this  Matter.”  Mauduit  to  Andrew  Oliver, 
April  10,  1764.  ms.  (013.24,  f.  20).  2 Mass.  Arch.,  lvi.  419. 


C 153  □ 


Jasper  Mauduit 


1764  n 


Office,  which  I have  paid  upon  the  Provinces  Account.  I 
leave  it  therefore  to  the  General  Court  to  Determine  what 
they  think  right  to  allow  for  the  Agency,  and  am  with 
great  respect  their  most  Obedient  Humble  Servant, 

Jaspr  Mauduit. 

ACCOUNT 

Dr.  Province  of  Massachusetts  Bay  with  Jasper  Mauduit,  Agent  Cr. 


1763 

April  25  To  Ballance  of  last 
Years  Account  bro’t 
forw’d 

May  18  To  Cash  for  Copys  of 
Representations  by 
the  Agent  to  the 
Lords  of  the  Treas- 
ury 

July  29  To  do.  pd.  Copy  of 
a Minute  at  the 
Treasury 

Nov.  24  To  do.  4 Bills  by  H. 

Gray,  Esq.  No.  175 
to  178 

To  do.  Interest  on  do. 

To  do.  Fees  to  the 
Treasury  Clerks  on 
rec’g  the  Warrant 
for  £42,774.16.0 
To  do.  Fees  One 
Guinea  pr.  Thou- 
sand on  £42,774.16.0 
at  Pay  Office  45.  3.- 

To  do.  Doorkeepers 

at  the  Treasury  2.  2.- 

To  do.  102  Bills  drawn 
by  H.  Gray,  Esq. 

No.  1 to  162  35,000. 

To  do.  1 Bill  No.  124 
to  R.  Tyler,  Esq., 

Sept.  12th,  being 
another  Bill  of  that 
Number  100.  — 

To  do.  Interest  on  all, 

over  due  122.12.8 


1763 

Nov.  24  By  Cash  rec’d  being 
the  Compensation 
for  the  Year  1761  £28,574.16.- 
By  142  Exchequer 
Bills  of  £100  each 
dated  the  24th 
November,  No. 

6614  to  6755  In- 
clusive 

Deer.  1 By  Sale  of  12  Excheqr. 

Bills  by  Jas.  Cap- 
pes,  a Broker  No. 

6614  to  66 25  £1200. 

Interest  7 days  at  4 
pr.  cent  18.4 

1200.18.4 
disco’t  17/  per  cent. 

on  each  10.  4. 

1190.14.4 
Commission  paid 

the  Broker  12  1 190.  2.4 

By  Sale  of  14  Excheqr. 

Bills  per  P.  How  a 
Broker 

No.  6626  to  6639 
£1400. 

Interest  7 days  at 
4 pr.  cent.  1.  1.5 

1401.  1.5 
disco’t  171  per 
Cent.oneach  11.18. 

1389.  3.5 
Commission  paid 
the  Broker  14  1388.  9.5 


£146.101. 


12- 


I.  I- 


1180.  -.- 
29.  5.- 


12.12.- 


Jasper  Mauduit 


D764 


1764 

Jany.  5 To  do.  Fees  to  Treas- 
ury Clerks  for  War- 
rant for  £10,000  for 
all  the  Agents 
To  do.  Fees  one 
Guinea  pr.  Thou- 
sand on  £5,190.12. 
at  the  Pay  Office 
To  do.  Door  and 
Chamber  keepers  at 
Board  of  Trade  (as 
usual) 

Febry.  7 To  do.  my  Share  of 
the  Copy  of  the 
Lords  of  Treasurys 
Order  to  Mr.  Jack- 
son  to  repay  what 
he  rec’d  more  than 
his  due  for  the 
year  1760 


1764 

Jany. 


8.  8.- 


5.15.6 


5- 


13  To  do.  Doorkeepers 
at  House  of  Com- 
mons 2.  2.- 

March  To  do.  Porters  at  the 

Treasury  5.- 

To  Commission  rec’g 
and  pay’g  £48,427- 
1.6  484. 

To  Ballance  in  hand  2095.  3.5 

To  One  Years  Agency  39.237.18.8 


5 By  Cash  rec’d  being 
the  remainder  of 
the  Compensation 
for  the  Year  1760 
and  my  part  of 
£10,000  stop’d  last 
Year 

By  26  Excheqr.  Bills 
of  £100  each  dated 
the  20th  December 
last,  No.  8328  to 
8353  Inclusive 

By  sale  10  Excheqr. 
Bills  pr.  Jas.  Cap- 
pes,  a Broker 
No.  6640  to  6649 
£1000. 
Interest  27  days  at 
4 pr.  Cent.  2.19.2 

1002. 19.2 
disco’t  i8r  pr. 
Cent.  9. 

993.19.2 
Commission  pd.  the 
Broker  10 

By  Cash  Rec’d  of  the 
Agents  their  Share 
of  the  Warrant  for 
£10,000 

By  Cash  rec’d  of 
Richard  Jackson, 
Esqr. 

By  2 Excheqr.  Bills 
of  £100  each  dated 
20  Deer. 

No.  8358  and  8360 
Sold  with  Interest 
£461.13.6,  being 
your  share  of 
£190.000  and  over- 
paid to  Connecticut 
for  the  year  1760 


2590.12.- 


993.  9.2. 

7-  7“ 

261.13.6 

200. 

11 -7 


C 155  3 


Jasper  Mauduit 


1764U 


1 Mass.  Arch.,  civ.  271. 


Feby.  21  By  Sale  of  10  Ex- 

cheqr.  Bills,  No. 

66 50  to  6659  In- 
clusive 1000. 

Interest  on  do.  £9. 1 5 
disco’t  71  each  ) 3.10 

Commission  paid  Broker  ) deduct  10  5.15.— 

March  7 By  Sale  of  10  Ex- 

cheqr.  Bills  No. 

6660  to  6669  In- 
clusive 1000.  — 

Interest  on  do.  3 
Months  and  12 

days  £11.  6.3 


12 


22 


disco’t8i  prCent.4. 
Commission  pd. 
Broker  10 

By  Sale  10  Excheqr. 
Bills  No.  6670  to 
6679  Inclusive 
Interest  on  do.  3 
Months  and  17 
days  £11.17.3 
disco’t  3 s each  3.  -. 
Commission  pd. 
Broker  10. 

By  Sale  10  Excheqr. 
Bills  No.  6680  to 
6689  Inclusive 
Interest  on  do.  3 
Months  and  27 
days  £12.19.2 
disco’t  sr  each  2. 10. 
Commission  pd. 
Broker  10 


6.16.3 


IOOO. 


8-  7-3 


IOOO. 


9-  9-2 


£39,237.18.8 

Errors  Excepd 
Jaspr  Mauduit 
April  s,  1764 1 


C 156:1 


Jasper  Mauduit 


Ci  764 


HARRISON  GRAY  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  April  7,  1764. 

Sir,  — Your  favours  of  the  13th  December  1763  by  Capt. 
Maxwell  I rec’d.  Observe  you  mention  that  Two  bills  of 
£100  each  of  the  same  number,  have  been  presented  to  you 
for  payment,  one  in  favour  of  J.  Gardiner  and  the  other  in 
favour  of  Royal  Tyler  Esqr.  and  that  you  have  discharged 
them  both;  for  which  I am  obliged  to  you;  That  Bill  in 
favour  of  Mr.  Tyler,  thro’  my  great  hurry  of  business  I 
have  omitted  recording  and  consequently  have  drawn  for 
One  hundred  pounds  more  than  I should  have  done;  but  as 

Dr.  Province  of  Massachusetts  Bay  with  Jasper  Mauduit,  Agent  1 Cr. 

1764 

April  6 By  Ballance  of  last 

Account  sent  £2095.  3.5 

11  By  Cash,  part  of  the 

Compensation  for 
the  Year  1762  21,519.18.6 

12  By  Cash  for  92  Ex- 
chequer Bills  paid 
olf  at  the  Excheqr., 
being  the  Remain- 
der of  what  I re- 
ceiv’d in  November 
and  January  last  9200.  — 

By  Interest  on  them 

Receiv’d  133.  5.4 

13  By  239  Exchequer 

Bills,  being  the  Re- 
mainder of  the 
Compensation  for 
the  Year  1762  23,900. 

By  one  day’s  In- 
terest on  ditto  2.12.3 

56,850.19.6 

Jaspr  Mauduit 


1764 

April  To  Cash  for  fees  to 
the  Treasury  Clerks 
on  rec’g  the  War- 
rant for  £45,419.18.6 

12.12- 

To  do.  Doorkeepers 
at  the  Treasury  2.  2.- 

12  To  do.  Fees  one 
Guinea  pr.  Thou- 
sand on  £45,419.18.6 
at  the  Pay  Office  48.  8.- 

May  12  To  Commission  rec’g 
and  paying  £45,422. 

10.9  454. 

To  Cash  in  hand  56,333.1 7.6 

To  Sailary 


1 Mass.  Arch.,  civ.  275. 


C 157  u 


Jasper  Mauduit 


1764U 

the  last  bill  I drew  on  you  was  in  favour  of  my  son  Harri- 
son, which  he  has  endorsed  to  Messrs.  Champion  and  Haley 
for  £721,  you  are  desired  to  pay  but  £621  which  will  rec- 
tifie  the  mistake;  but  if  you  before  this  reaches  your  hands 
have  answered  said  draught,  I will  take  care  and  have  it 
rectified,  in  the  bills  I shall  have  orders  to  draw  upon  you, 
for  our  services  for  the  year  1762.  My  Compliments  to 
your  Brother,  and  believe  me  to  be  with  the  utmost  sin- 
cerity Your  most  Obedient  humble  Servant, 

H.  Gray. 

THOMAS  CUSHING  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  April  9,  1764 

Sir, — I have  received  your  much  esteem’d  Favors  of  the 
24th  December  and  the  nth  February  last.  Am  glad  if 
any  information  I gave  you  relative  to  the  Sugar  Act  was 
acceptable.  I have  perused  your  Letters  to  the  Speaker 
and  the  Memorial  you  presented  to  the  Treasury.  The 
Memorial  1 is  generally  allow’d  to  be  handsomely  drawn 
and  the  Arguments,  used,  much  to  the  purpose,  but  your 
Friends  are  sorry  to  observe  some  concessions  you  have 
made.  It  was  presumed  you  woud  not  have  conceeded  to 
any  Duty  till  you  had  heard  from  the  Court.  They  have 
Instructed  you  to  the  Contrary  and  its  probable  will  think 
themselves  oblidged  to  disavow  any  concessions  you  have 
made  of  this  nature;  I have  wrote  your  Brother  more  par- 
ticularly relating  to  this  matter,  as  I learn  he  drew  the 
Memorial,  and  therefore  shall  wave  saying  any  thing  fur- 
ther upon  it.  The  Court  ought  to  have  instructed  you 
before,  their  silence  I suppose  led  you  to  think  they  woud 
acquiesce  in  a Duty  if  it  was  such  as  the  trade  woud  bare, 


1 See  p.  I44«,  supra. 

C 158  3 


[asper  Mauduit  D764 

others  suppose  you  were  induc’d  to  acquiesce  in  a 2 d duty 
from  some  Letters  that  were  wrote  to  England,  as  is  said, 
by  People  concerned  in  the  Customs  and  who  share  a divi- 
dend of  all  Forfeitures;  It  is  reported  that  these  Letters 
represented  that  a Two  penny  Duty  woud  answer  and  so 
(it  is  suggested  by  some)  it  will  for  the  Letter  Writers  but 
not  for  the  Crown,  for  it  will  never  raise  a Revenue.  The 
trade  will  not  bear  it.  Consequently  People  will  leave  the 
Trade  or  be  under  a Temptation  to  run  the  Molasses  in 
clandestinely.  This  will  frequently  occasion  seizures.  The 
Officers  of  the  Customs  and  others  will  be  benefitted  and 
the  Revenue  lost.  No  wonder,  (say  they)  these  People  are 
for  Two  pence,  a penny  they  know  will  be  paid  and  there- 
fore will  not  answer  their  Purpose.  I am  really  apprehen- 
sive the  Ministry  by  endeavouring  to  raise  a large  sum  by 
means  of  this  Duty  will  lose  their  aim  and  get  but  very 
little.1 

You  say  some  further  Regulations  are  intended  and  I 
hear  some  other  Duties  are  proposed.  I doubt  not  you  will 
be  as  you  always  have  been,  attentive  to  our  Interest  and 
will  be  vigilant  and  active  in  opposing  every  Project  of  this 
Nature;  Really  Sir,  the  Ministry  by  these  schemes  are  not 

1 In  a letter  of  March  23,  1763,  Mauduit  had  acquainted  the  General  Court  with  a 
motion  made  by  the  first  Lord  of  Trade,  for  lowering  the  duty  on  foreign  molasses  from 
6d  to  2 d per  gallon,  in  order  more  effectually  to  collect  the  duty.  The  bill  was  deferred 
to  the  next  session  of  Parliament,  and  Mauduit  at  the  end  of  December  forecast  the 
probable  action:  “The  quantum  of  the  duty  is  to  be  one  of  the  first  things  considered  im- 
mediately after  the  meeting  of  the  Parliament.  All  agree  that  a practicable  duty  should 
be  laid,  and  the  payment  of  it  enforced.  To  attempt  to  controvert  either  of  these  would 
be  to  no  manner  of  purpose.  As  the  General  Court  have  not  been  pleased  to  instruct  me 
in  their  sentiments  upon  this  subject,  I was  left  to  pursue  my  own,  in  conjunction  with 
the  other  agents.  And  their  silence  inclined  me  to  think  that  such  a scheme,  if  duly 
moderated,  might  not  be  disagreeable,  tho’  they  might  not  choose  to  appear  openly  to 
approve  it.  The  sum  at  first  thought  of  by  the  Treasury  was  4 d.  But  Mr.  Grenville 
seems  to  be  now  satisfied  with  2 d.  We  are  endeavouring  at  a penny.  It  will  not  prob- 
ably be  more  than  two  pence.  All  that  the  duty  can  be  brought  to  under  that,  must  be 
reckoned  as  gain.”  Mass.  Arch.,  xxii.  340. 


C 159 1 


1764U  Jasper  Mauduit 

pursuing  the  true  interest  of  Great  Brittain  and  at  the 
same  time  are  oppressing  these  Colonies;  It  is  the  interest 
of  our  Mother  Country  to  keep  us  engaged  in  trade  and  to 
draw  our  attention  as  much  as  possible  from  Husbandry 
and  Manufactures.  While  this  is  the  case  we  shall  con- 
stantly have  large  demands  for  all  kinds  of  Manufactures 
from  Great  Brittain  but  the  Minute  our  Trade  is  cramp’d 
by  heavy  duties  and  we  are  diverted  from  the  pursuit  of  it, 
we  have  nothing  else  to  recur  to,  for  subsistance,  but  Hus- 
bandry and  Manufactures,  we  must  live  within  ourselves, 
and  the  demand  for  goods  from  England  will  necessarily 
cease  and  Great  Brittain  lose  more  by  this  means,  beyond 
all  account,  than  she  will  ever  be  benefitted  by  any  Duties 
that  may  be  collected.  I am  with  much  Esteem  Your  most 
humble  Servant,  Thomas  Cushing. 

P.  S.  I write  in  confidence  to  a Friend  and  therefore 
conclude  no  Intelligence  I furnish  will  be  divulged  as  com- 
ing from  me. 


THOMAS  CUSHING  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  June  22,  1764. 

Sir,  — Since  my  last  the  General  Court  have  had  a Session 
at  Concord  and  your  several  Letters  to  the  Speaker  have 
been  communicated;  By  this  Conveyance  you  will  receive 
an  Answer  instructing  you  to  endeavor  to  get  the  Act  lay- 
ing a Duty  of  3 d per  gall  on  Molasses  etc.  repealed  and  to 
oppose  most  strenuously  any  Stamp  Duty. 

The  House  acknowledged  you  had  timely  advised  them 
of  the  intention  of  the  Ministry  to  impose  those  Duties,  but 
thought  it  necessary  to  write  you,  in  the  manner  they  have, 
with  respect  to  any  concessions  you  have  made,  least  their 

Ci6o3 


jasper  Mauduit 


D764 


Silence  shoud  be  construed  as  an  acquiescence  in  those 
Measures;  I doubt  not  you  will  make  a proper  Improve- 
ment of  what  they  have  wrote  you  upon  this  Head,  as  also 
of  the  State  of  the  Rights  of  these  Colonies  inclosed  you  at 
the  same  time. 

Mr.  Hutchinson,  it  seems,  was  disposed  to  be  improved 
at  this  time  as  an  agent  at  Great  Brittain.  His  Friends 
accordingly  in  a very  pressing  manner  moved  at  this  Ses- 
sion, that  he  might  be  joined  with  yourself  in  the  Agency, 
but  the  Motion  was  rejected  by  a very  great  Majority.  It 
was  judged  altogether  needless,  as  we  had  the  management 
of  our  Affairs  in  the  hands  of  a Gentleman  whom  the  Court 
coud  confide  in  and  whose  conduct  hitherto  had  been  so 
acceptable,  besides  as  His  Honor  held  a Commission  imme- 
diately from  the  Crown  he  was  thought  not  so  suitable  a 
Person  to  oppose  Ministerial  Measures. 

I doubt  not  your  Brother  might  have  been  join’d  with 
you  in  the  Agency  had  there  been  time  properly  to  have 
adjusted  matters,  but  the  session  was  very  short  and  the 
Court  at  this  Busy  Season  of  the  year  in  a great  hurry;  It 
was  thought  best,  therefore  by  your  Friends,  not  to  push 
the  affair  at  this  time  but  to  refer  it  to  the  next  session,  by 
which  time  all  obstacles  I verily  believe  will  be  removed. 
The  Truth  is;  The  Friends  of  the  Lt.  Governor  have  been 
in  great  hopes  ever  since  Mr.  Bollan’s  Dismission  of  pre- 
vailing with  the  Court  to  send  him  Agent  and  the  Governor 
at  the  same  time  has  been  very  desirous  of  having  Mr. 
Jackson  1 join’d  with  you,  this  has  hitherto  prevented  your 

1 In  writing  to  Ebenezer  Silliman,  early  in  November,  1764,  Hutchinson  said: 
“I  have  corresponded  largely  with  your  agent  [Jackson]  upon  the  state  of  the  affairs  of 
the  colonies.  He  is  certainly  a worthy  man.  I have  taken  pains  for  his  being  appointed 
for  this  government  also.  The  more  respect  shown  him  the  greater  weight  he  will  have; 
but  our  misfortune  is  that  we  are  influenced  by  party  personal  views  more  than  by  a re- 
gard for  the  public  interest.”  Mass.  Arch.,  xxvi.  118. 


Cl6l  J 


1764H  Jasper  Mauduit 

Brother’s  being  joined,  but  as  they  now  begin  to  dispair  of 
choosing  either  of  the  Former,  I believe  the  opposition  to 
your  Brother  will  in  a great  measure  if  not  altogether  cease. 

I woud  not  have  him  therefore  be  weary  of  well  doing  but 
persevere  in  his  good  services  to  the  Province  for  which  he 
has  the  Thanks  of  the  House  by  this  Conveyance.  He  may 
depend  his  Friends  will  do  all  in  their  power  to  have  him 
join’d  the  first  opportunity. 

One  reason,  among  others,  urged  for  the  Lt.  Governor’s 
being  joint  Agent,  was  that  he  might  expedite  the  Settle- 
ment of  the  Disputes,  which  have  long  subsisted,  betwixt 
this  and  some  of  the  neighbouring  Governments  with  re- 
spect to  their  boundary  Lines;  but  this  was  judged  not  a 
sufficient  reason,  as  you  were  furnished  with  all  the  neces- 
sary Papers  relative  to  this  subject  and  the  Court  depend 
upon  your  attention  to  it  and  that  you  will  gett  these  Dis- 
putes settled  with  all  Convenient  Speed. 

I wrote  you  some  time  ago  that  I sometimes  imported 
woolen  goods  and  as  I was  informed  you  were  concerned 
considerably  that  way,  desir’d  to  know  upon  what  terms 
you  woud  supply  me  with  Cloaths,  Shalloons,  Tammys, 
etc.,  but  suppose  the  Letter  miscarried  If  Trade  shoud 
revive  and  I shoud  meet  with  any  Encouragement  from 
my  old  Customers  I don’t  know  but  I shoud  engage  again 
in  the  trade.  Please,  therefore  to  inform  me  as  to  this 
matter. 

This  will  be  handed  you  by  my  Kinsman,  Mr.  Thomas 
Bromfeild,1  whom  I recommend  to  your  Patronage.  Any 
respect  shown  him  will  be  gratefully  received  by  Your 
humble  Servant,  Thomas  Cushing. 

1 (I733~i8i6),  son  of  Edward  and  Abigail  Bromfield. 


C 162] 


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THOMAS  HUTCHINSON  TO  1 

Boston,  July  11,  1764. 

Besides  my  engaging  in  the  service  of  the  province  is 
rendered  more  difficult  by  the  most  injudicious  conduct  I 
ever  knew  the  House  of  Representatives  guilty  of.  As  I 
had  received  no  letters  from  England  my  friends  made  no 
motion  about  the  agency,  and  it  was  supposed  nothing 
would  be  done  that  session.  When  it  was  thought  to  be 
near  the  close,  I left  the  court  to  go  upon  the  Eastern, 
which  is  the  longest  circuit,  and  several  of  the  East  mem- 
bers went  with  me  and  others  of  like  disposition  went 
home.  A member  of  the  town  of  Boston  who  had  always 
been  inimical  to  me,  and  I think  to  the  country,  took  this 
opportunity  to  propose  a letter  to  the  agent  as  a report  of 
a committee  of  which  he  was  chairman;  and  although  the 
agent  has  always  been  considered  as  an  officer  of  the  Court, 
yet  this  letter  was  never  sent  to  the  Council  for  their  con- 
currence, but  being  accepted  by  the  House,  was,  I suppose, 
signed  by  their  Speaker.  And  they  have  been  so  infatuated 
as  to  print  it  in  their  journal.2  It  is  very  certain  I should 
never  have  engaged  in  their  service  with  such  instructions. 
I think  if  I had  been  at  liberty  to  engage,  my  friends  could 
have  prevented  such  from  being  given.  I never  was  of 
opinion  that  any  good  could  come  from  a sturdy  and  sullen 
behavior  of  the  Colonies.  The  only  ways  in  which  I 
thought  they  could  be  served  was  by  an  humble  represen- 
tation of  their  claim,  submitted  to  the  wisdom  and  justice 
of  a British  Parliament  in  whose  determinations  British 
colonies  must  always  acquiesce.  If  their  claim  of  natural 
rights  or  to  an  equitable  consideration  of  their  case  should 

C 163  □ 


1 Mass.  Arch.,  xxvi.  85. 


2 Under  date  June  13,  1764. 


Jasper  Mauduit 


1764H 

be  overruled,  arguments  may  be  used  to  show  that  taxes 
and  duties  will  lessen  the  advantages  which  the  nation  has 
for  so  long  time  received  by  having  the  colonies  for  their 
customers,  and  greater  benefit  must  accrue  by  diverting 
rather  than  restraining  them  from  manufactures  and 
branches  of  commerce  interfering  with  the  national  inter- 
est, than  can  arise  from  taxes  and  duties;  and  finally,  if 
monies  must  be  raised,  a more  easy,  equitable,  and  effec- 
tual way  may  be  found  for  doing  it  than  what  has  been 
hitherto  projected.  My  principles  were  known  to  the 
members  of  the  Court  when  I had  so  general  a vote  for 
their  agent,  and  I am  well  assured  there  were  not  above 
six  or  eight  members  who  would  have  desired  to  clogg  me 
with  instructions  inconsistent  with  them.  I fear  this  rash 
step  will  be  of  great  prejudice  to  the  country;  that  the 
same  temper  will  prevail  if  not  in  the  assemblies  yet  among 
the  people  of  the  other  colonies,  in  some  of  which  very 
rude  things  have  been  thrown  out  in  print,  which  I fancy 
caused  some  of  the  members  here  more  easily  to  agree  to 
this  letter.  No  good  can  come  from  such  a spirit,  but  the 
individuals  who  are  most  active  in  stirring  it  up  care  not 
for  the  consequences  to  the  public,  provided  they  can 
make  themselves  popular  and  conspicuous.1 

1 “ Ordered , that  Mr.  [James])  Otis,  Mr.  [Oxenbridge]  Thacher,  Mr.  [Thomas] 
Cushing,  Captain  [Edward]  Sheafe  and  Mr.  [ — ] Gray,  be  a Committee  in  the  re- 

cess of  the  Court  to  write  to  the  other  Governments  to  acquaint  them  with  the  Instruc- 
tions this  Day  voted  to  be  sent  to  the  Agent  of  this  Province,  directing  him  to  use  his 
Endeavours  to  obtain  a Repeal  of  the  Sugar  Act,  and  to  exert  himself  to  prevent  a Stamp- 
Act  or  any  other  Impositions  and  Taxes  upon  this  and  the  other  American  Provinces;  and 
that  the  said  Committee  in  the  Name  and  Behalf  of  this  House  desire  the  several  Assem- 
blies on  this  Continent  to  join  with  them  in  the  same  Measures.”  Journals  of  the  House 
of  Representatives,  June  13,  1764. 


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THOMAS  HUTCHINSON  TO  WILLIAM  BOLLAN1 

Boston,  October  4,  1764 

Dear  Sir, — Your  letter  of  the  14  April,  so  different 
from  any  I ever  received  from  you  before,  gave  me  a good 
deal  of  pain,  which  has  been  increased  by  your  neglecting 
to  write  to  me  from  Lisbon.  I am  not  conscious  of  my 
neglecting  to  write  to  you  when  I had  any  thing  worth 
communicating  to  you,  nor  have  I ever  in  any  degree 
deserted  your  interest.  I did  every  thing  in  my  power, 
more  I am  sure  than  any  other  member  of  the  Court,  to 
prevent  your  dismission,  and  when  I failed  in  my  endeav- 
ors, I intimated  the  true  cause  of  it.  I have  never  seen  an 
opening  since  for  doing  you  any  service  in  the  General 
Court.  Some,  who  I believe  to  be  your  real  friends,  and 
who  I thought  knew  most  of  your  mind,  supposed  that 
after  the  treatment  you  had  received,  you  would  not  have 
accepted  the  agency  again.  Notwithstanding  what  Mr. 
Pownall  has  insinuated,  I should  never  have  had  any  dif- 
ference with  him,  if  I had  complied  with  his  repeated 
importunate  sollicitations  to  forsake  you,  and  after  he  was 
gone  I was  urged  to  suspend  the  choice  of  an  agent  until 
Mr.  Bernard’s  arrival,  with  an  assurance  of  a general  vote 
for  myself;  but  my  friendship  for  you,  as  well  as  regard  to 
the  interest  of  the  province,  made  me  push  the  affair  with 
more  zeal  than  I should  have  done  if  such  a proposal  had 
not  been  made.  When  the  choice  of  an  agent  came  on  last 
year,  it  was  moved  by  your  friends.  I urged  them  to  try 
what  could  be  done  in  your  favor,  but  they  assured  me  it 
could  then  have  no  other  effect  than  to  strengthen  the 
party  who  were  for  Israel  Mauduit.  I do  not  know  whether 
you  will  think  me  political  in  it,  but  I will  venture  to  assure 


1 Mass.  Arch.,  xxvi.  ioi. 


C 165 1 


1764] 


jasper  Mauduit 


you  the  choice  gave  me  more  anxiety  of  mind  than  I could 
have  felt  if  the  vote  had  been  against  me,  and  I am  quite 
easy  in  not  obtaining  leave  to  engage  in  that  service.  Your 
accounts  have  always  been  kept  in  the  hands  of  half  a 
dozen  of  the  House,  nor  could  I ever  learn  what  their 
objections  were,  nor  do  I know  what  has  been  wrote  to 
you.  They  keep  it  to  themselves,  and  would  as  soon  trust 
you  with  any  designs  they  have  to  your  prejudice  as  they 
would  me.  I am  utterly  at  a loss  what  are  the  designs  of 
the  leading  men  of  the  House  when  they  meet  the  18th  of 
the  month.  The  best  men  seem  not  so  sensible  of  the 
dangerous  state  of  our  constitution  as  others  who  have 
but  little  real  concern  about  it.  . . 7 

1 “There  was  a design  to  have  chosen  a new  agent,  but  there  were  so  many  candi- 
dates on  your  side  the  water  and  so  many  here  that  it  was  deferred.  My  friends  pressed 
me  again  to  go  over,  but  I did  not  think  it  proper. 

“I  have  always  been  sensible  of  the  true  reason  of  my  not  being  permitted  to  leave 
the  province.  When  the  late  governor  IjPownalf]  first  came  to  New  England  in  a pri- 
vate character,  I showed  him  all  the  respect  I could,  and  it  was  intirely  by  my  procuring 
that  he  was  employed  in  the  service  of  the  government  as  an  agent  or  commissioner  to 
the  other  colonies.  When  he  came  over  governor  he  expressed  great  friendship,  and  I 
always  attributed  to  his  recommendation  that  I received  a commission  for  Lieutenant 
Governor.  Gratitude  obliged  me  to  do  everything  I could  to  make  his  administration 
easy,  and  he  often  declared  to  me  that  he  was  more  obliged  to  me  on  that  account  than 
to  any  man  in  the  province.  But  it  was  not  possible  for  me  as  a member  of  the  legisla- 
ture to  agree  to  every  measure  without  being  a mere  machine,  and  having  no  judgment 
of  my  own.  A very  few  instances  of  disagreement,  particularly  my  attachment  to  Mr. 
Bollan,  who  I really  thought  at  that  time  the  most  fit  person  to  serve  the  province,  and  with 
whom  I had  been  in  friendship  for  many  years,  occasioned  a coldness  and  some  very 
severe  expressions  before  the  Governor  left  the  province,  which  other  people  resented  more 
than  I did.  The  obligation  I was  under  to  him  made  me  desire  to  remove  every  preju- 
dice he  had  against  me,  and  he  assured  me  at  parting  everything  would  be  forgot.  I 
wish  it  had  been  so,  and  I am  ready  still  to  do  everything  that  can  reasonably  be  required 
to  recover  his  friendship.  Not  that  I am  anxious  for  the  continuance  of  my  commission. 
I am  every  day  more  and  more  reconciled  to  parting  with  it,  and  whenever  there  shall  be 
a new  appointment  of  a governor,  I shall  choose  to  resign  it,  and  if  you  will  give  me  leave 

I will  lodge  a letter  in  your  hands  for  that  purpose.”  Hutchinson  to , November  8, 

1764.  Mass.  Arch.,  xxvi.  no. 


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THOMAS  CUSHING  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  November  12th,  1764 

Sir,  — I am  oblidged  to  you  for  your  Favor  of  the  23  d of 
August  last.  The  General  Court  have  lately  met,  and  by 
this  conveyance,  I suppose,  the  Secretary  will  forward  you 
a Petition  of  the  Council  and  House  of  Representatives  to 
the  House  of  Commons ; in  their  Letter  to  you  1 they  have 
expressly  asserted  their  exclusive  right  of  Taxing  them- 
selves and  have  endeavored  to  prove  that  the  Subjects 
here  ought  not  to  be  taxed  without  their  Consent  either  in 
person  and  by  their  Representative;  They  have  not  been 
so  full  and  explicit  upon  this  Head  in  their  Petition  least 
they  shoud  give  offence  to  so  respectable  a Body  as  they 
are  now  applying  to  but  expect  you  join  with  the  Other 
Agents  in  obtaining  leave,  if  possible,  to  be  heard  by  Coun- 
cill,  before  the  House  of  Commons  upon  the  subject  matter 
of  the  Petition,  of  which  this  of  our  Rights  is  not  the  least 
important.2  I understand  that  the  Colonies  of  New  York, 

1 The  draft  of  this  letter,  prepared  by  Thomas  Hutchinson,  and  dated  November 
3,  1764,  is  in  Mass.  Arch.,  lvi.  427. 

2 A petition  accepted  by  the  House,  October  22,  but  non-concurred  by  the  Council 
is  in  Mass.  Arch.,  xxxi.  412.  The  draft,  in  part,  of  the  Council  petition,  entirely  in  the 
writing  of  Thomas  Hutchinson,  is  in  Mass.  Arch.,  vi.  290.  It  was  sent  down  from  the 
Council  October  31,  and  returned  with  amendments,  November  5.  On  the  next  day 
the  Council  accepted  all  the  amendments  except  one,  which  read:  “This  is  a right  we 
humbly  conceive  belongs  essentially  to  the  subjects  of  Great  Britain.  The  People  of  this 
Province  count  it  their  glory  to  be  denominated  such  subjects,  such  they  are  declared  to 
be  in  the  royal  Charters  as  well  as  by  Acts  of  Parliament,  and  therefore  with  all  deference 
they  hope  the  present  Parliament  will  continue  and  confirm  this  invaluable  Privilege  to 
them.”  Another  day  of  disagreement  passed  before  the  form  was  accepted  by  both  House 
and  Council.  Mass.  Arch.,  vx.  294,  295. 

“We  spent  a fortnight  in  altercation  between  the  two  Houses.  The  majority  of  the 
Council  remaining  firm  and  steady  presented  a very  ill-judged  petition  to  the  House  of 
Commons  which  the  lawyers  upon  the  Boston  seat  had  prepared,  and  which  passed  the 
House  and  was  long  insisted  upon,  and  finally  they  gave  it  up  and  agreed  to  a more  de- 
cent one,  which  perhaps  will  produce  us  relief  no  more  than  the  other  would  have  done, 
but  will  not  bring  upon  us  any  farther  evils.  It  is  sent  to  Mr.  Mauduit,  although  he  had 

Cl67  3 


i764: 


Jasper  Mauduit 


Connecticut^  and  Rhode  Island,  have  also  remonstrated 
upon  this  Occasion.  I hope  the  united  sense  of  the  Colo- 
nies will  have  so  much  weight  in  this  matter  as  with  the 

intimated  that  he  was  tired  of  the  agency.  They  would  have  chose  a successor  but  could 
not  agree.  There  were  several  candidates  in  England,  and  as  many  here.  The  latter,  I 
imagine,  in  hopes  each  of  them  of  a better  chance  another  session,  kept  off  the  consid- 
eration at  this.  I had  some  expectation  of  interest  enough  to  have  obtained  a vote  for 
committing  that  paper  to  you,  but  the  objections  made  to  your  accounts  caused  them  to 
despair,  and  as  often  as  it  was  mentioned  the  reply  was  that  your  own  letter  to  the  Secre- 
tary implied  that  the  terms  of  your  undertaking  it  should  be  their  first  settling  your 
accounts.  I never  yet  have  been  able  to  come  at  the  sight  of  them.  I find  their  principle 
objection  is  the  charge  of  commissions.  Their  own  agent  has  made  the  same  charge. 
When  they  are  told  of  that  they  say  in  answer  that  they  have  not  yet  allowed  it,  and 
that  if  they  had,  he  has  charged  no  expenses  for  his  support  nor  any  certain  sum  as  a sal- 
ary. We  have  two  of  the  Representatives  of  Boston  who  oppose  every  motion  in  your 
favor.  One  of  them  was  a creature  of  the  late  Governor  and  imbibed  his  prejudice  then. 
The  other,  Mr.  Otis,  I believe  has  gone  greater  lengths  that  he  would  have  done  if  I had 
not  always  espoused  your  cause;  but  he  is  not  always  of  one  mind,  and  very  lately  in  con- 
sideration upon  the  subject  of  the  agency  he  would  give  me  no  other  reason  for  his  oppo- 
sition but  your  infirm  state  and  inability  to  be  constantly  abroad.  This  as  it  was  not  a 
sufficient  reason,  so  I know  it  was  not  what  principally  influenced  him  in  his  general 
conduct.”  Hutchinson  to  Bollan,  November  7,  1764.  Mass.  Arch.,  xxvi.  116. 

On  November  3 Secretary  Oliver  sent  a petition,  of  which  Mauduit  wrote:  “I  am 
quite  pleased  with  the  wording  of  it,  and  its  just  Remarks.  Think  it  a Model  or  Pat- 
tern for  all  the  other  Agents  to  follow  and  even  to  join  with.”  To  the  Secretary,  Decem- 
ber 20,  1764.  Mass.  Arch.,  xxii.  421.  On  January  11,  1765,  Mauduit  wrote:  “As  the 
session  of  Parliament  is  now  opened,  I have  for  some  time  past  been  in  pain  about  the 
General  Court’s  Petition,  least  it  should  not  arrive  before  the  American  affairs  came  to 
be  mentioned  in  the  house.  But  this  day  I have  received  it  and  shall  deliver  it  at  the 
proper  time.  I have  feed  Council  upon  the  right  given  in  your  Charter  to  tax  yourselves, 
but  Mr.  Jackson  is  of  opinion  that  the  house  will  not  allow  of  them.  It  gives  me  great 
satisfaction  to  see  that  the  General  Court  have  drawn  their  petition  in  so  temperate  and 
unexceptionable  a manner.  By  printing  their  Letter,  they  have  said  all  which  they  can 
desire  to  have  said  upon  the  subject,  and  more  than  any  Agent  here  could  have  said,  and 
coming  immediately  from  them  gives  it  the  greater  weight.  I heartily  wish  it  may  have 
the  effect  they  design’d,  and  tend  to  convince  and  not  to  exasperate.  The  Lords  of  Trade 
have  laid  a copy  of  that  Letter,  and  of  the  New  York  Petition  before  the  King  in  Council; 
and  you  will  see  that  the  King’s  Speech  recommends  the  promoting  that  respect  to  the 
Legislative  authority  of  this  Kingdom,  which  is  essentially  necessary  for  the  safety  of  the 
whole.  I do  not  think  it  necessary  that  the  province  should  set  itself  more  forward  than 
the  rest,  or  distinguish  itself  more  than  it  has  already  done:  but  I shall  readily  go  as  far 
as  any  others.”  Mass.  Arch.,  xxii.  424.  Five  days  later  he  reported  that  he  had  met 
little  countenance  in  his  efforts  to  make  the  petition  acceptable  to  ministry  or  merchants., 
“All  the  servants  of  power  say  they  don’t  desire  to  oppress,  but  seem  determined  that  the 

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united  efforts  of  their  respective  Agents  to  obtain  for  us 
some  relief  from  the  Burdens  we  already  labor  under  as 
well  as  to  prevent  any  additional  ones  that  may  be 
intended.1 

Your  recommending  to  the  Court  the  Choice  of  an 
Agent  who  was  a native  of  the  Country  prevented  your 
Friends  at  this  sessions  moving  the  joining  of  your  Brother, 
indeed  the  members  of  the  Court  (which  met  at  this  time 
solely  with  a view  to  prepare  the  Petition  abovementioned) 
at  this  Busy  Season  were  in  such  an  hurry  that  they  [woud]] 
not  have  been  perswaded  to  enter  upon  an  affair,  which  it 
is  probable  woud  have  taken  some  time  to  have  settled, 
had  this  affair  have  come  under  consideration  I believe 
they  woud  have  determined  not  to  have  sent  any  person 
from  this  side  of  the  Water  as  it  woud  have  been  very 
expensive;  You  have  all  the  necessary  papers  respecting 
the  several  Boundaries  and  doubtless  you  will  employ  the 
best  Councill  you  can  obtain  upon  these  matters;  If  it 
woud  not  be  too  much  trouble  I shoud  be  obliged  to  you 
to  inform  me  in  what  forwardness  the  settlement  of  the 
Boundaries  betwixt  this  Province  and  New  York  is.  If  I 
mistake  not  Mr.  Bollan  wrote  some  time  ago  that  it  was 
determined  in  our  Favor  but  it  was  thought  not  expedient 


colonies  shall  pay  their  Share  of  the  National  Expence;  and  I fear  the  Majority  and  Mi- 
nority will  both  agree  in  this.  The  Merchants  talk  much,  but  cannot  bring  them  to  act. 
They  say  why  don’t  the  Agents  write,  apply,  and  take  the  Lead?  The  Agents  say  the 
Merchants  will  be  much  better  attended  to  than  they.  Some  of  the  Agents  will  not  meet, 
and  but  one  has  ever  come  near  me  to  facilitate  such  a Meeting.  However,  I don’t 
despond,  as  all  the  North  American  Merchants  have  some  Esteem  for  me;  nor  am  I upon 
111  terms  with  any  one  in  the  Ministry.”  Mass.  Arch.,  xxn.  426.  February  6,  1765,  a 
bill  for  imposing  Stamp  duties  in  the  Colonies  was  introduced  into  Parliament  and  no 
member  could  be  found  willing  to  present  the  petitions  of  New  York,  Virginia,  and  Massa- 
chusetts. 

1 Copies  of  the  petitions  from  Rhode  Island  and  New  York  are  in  the  Society’s  col- 
lections (012.4,  ff.  156,  158). 


ni69: 


1764I]  Jasper  Mauduit 

to  give  Judgement  till  the  war  was  over  for  fear  of  giving 
offence  to  any  of  the  Colonies,  please  also  to  inform  when 
the  Boundaries  betwixt  this  Province  and  Connecticutt  is 
likely  to  be  settled.1  I am  with  great  Respect  Your  most 
humble  Servant,  Thomas  Cushing. 

THOMAS  CUSHING  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  November  17,  1764. 

Sir, — This  will  be  handed  you  by  Mr.  Bela  Lincoln,  a 
Gentleman  of  my  acquaintance  whom  I recommend  to 
you[rJ  Patronage.  Any  respect  shown  him  will  be  grate- 
fully acknowledged;  His  Father  is  one  of  our  Council,  he 
himself  is  a Member  of  the  House  and  Represents  the  Town 
of  Sherburne  and  can  inform  you,  more  particularly  than  I 
can  do  by  Letter,  of  the  Sentiments  of  the  Members  of  the 
General  Court  respecting  the  late  Act  of  Parliament  as 
also  relative  to  that  which  is  proposed  to  be  pass’d  the 
next  Sessions.  The  House  of  Representatives  were  clearly 
for  making  an  ample  and  full  declaration  of  the  exclusive 
Right  of  the  People  of  the  Colonies  to  tax  themselves  and 
that  they  ought  not  to  be  deprived  of  a right  they  had  so 
long  enjoyed  and  which  they  held  by  Birth  and  by  Char- 
ter; but  they  coud  not  prevail  with  the  Councill,  tho  they 
made  several  Tryalls,  to  be  more  explicit  than  they  have 
been  in  the  Petition  sent  you.  In  short  they  were  reduced 
to  this  alternative,  either  to  join  with  the  Council  in  the 
Petition  forwarded  you  by  the  Secretary,  or  to  petition  by 
themselves;  and  considering  they  had  wrote  you  fully  upon 
the  matter  of  Right  the  last  session  and  had  sent  you  a 
small  tract  entituled  The  Rights  of  the  British  Colonies  2 in 

1 A letter  from  the  General  Court  to  Mauduit,  dated  November  27,  1764,  and  re- 
lating to  the  boundary  disputes  with  New  Hampshire,  Rhode  Island  and  Connecticut,  is  in 
Mass.  Arch.,  lvi.  432  2 By  James  Otis. 

C 1703 


Jasper  Mauduit 


D764 


general  and  of  the  Province  of  Massachusetts  Bay  in  par- 
ticular briefly  Stated,  which  they  then  desired  and  expected 
you  woud  make  the  best  use  of  in  your  Power,  they  thought 
it  the  less  necessary  to  remonstrate  by  themselves  at  this 
time,  and  therefore  upon  the  whole  determined  to  have 
the  weight  of  the  Council  as  far  as  they  coud,  and  so  con- 
cluded to  join  with  them  in  the  present  petition  tho’  not  so 
full  as  they  coud  have  wished.  You  will  therefore  collect 
the  sentiments  of  the  Representative  Body  of  People 
rather  from  what  they  have  heretofore  sent  you  than  from 
the  present  Address.  As  the  People  throughout  this  Con- 
tinent are  greatly  alarm’d  at  this  Infringement,  as  they 
apprehend,  of  their  most  Essential  Rights,  I hope  their 
Sentiments  will  have  their  due  weight  with  the  Parliament. 
I conclude  with  great  Respect  Your  most  humble  Servant, 

Thomas  Cushing. 

GENERAL  COURT  (?)  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT1 

Boston,  November  28th,  1764. 

Sir,  — The  two  Houses  in  their  Petition  to  the  House  of 
Commons  have  represented,  that  the  Duty  laid  upon 
foreign  Molasses  by  the  late  Act  is  so  high,  that  it  must 
undoubtedly  have  the  Effect  of  an  absolute  Prohibition.2 

1 “The  Copy  of  this  Letter  was  sent  to  Jasper  Mauduit,  Esqr.,  November  28th, 
1764:  and  to  Mr.  Jackson  in  the  Spring  following  1766.”  — Note  on  the  ms.,  which  is  in 
this  Society’s  collections  (024.3). 

2 “I  have  had  the  taking  off  or  lowering  the  Duty  on  Foreign  Molasses  much  at 
heart,  and  have  tried  various  measures  to  get  a Bill  into  the  House  for  that  purpose;  but 
the  Ministry  will  make  no  Alterations  at  present,  and  the  New  England  Merchants  are 
against  its  being  brought  in  this  Session;  the  former  say  we  ought  not  Repeal  an  Act  be- 
fore it  has  been  tried:  the  latter  say  they  are  as  yet  too  much  in  the  dark  to  support  the 
Reasons  I have  drawn  up,  and  particularly  that  they  have  not  now  sufficient  Authority 
from  their  Correspondents  to  say  the  Trade  cannot  bear  it,  and  will  not  be  carried  on 
at  per  Gallon  Duty.  . . . The  English  Distillers  say,  we  will  send  the  Americans 
our  own  Corn  Spirits.  The  Sugar  Planters  say,  we  will  send  them  Rum.  The  Ministry 

C 171 1 


I764H 


Jasper  Mauduit 


It  seems  the  Advocates  for  the  Colonies  in  the  House  of 
Commons  thought  the  Trade  would  bear  two  Pence;  this 
we  learn  by  a Letter  from  a Member  of  Parliament  to  the 
Committee  of  Merchants  in  this  Town;  his  Words  are 
these:  “The  Reason  we  put  it  so  high  as  two  Pence  was, 
the  French  suffering  our  Vessels  to  go  to  their  Islands,  and 
to  carry  off  Molasses  without  the  Expence  of  Passports,  or 
the  Risque  of  Seizure.  This  having  been  lately  established 
by  Proclamation,  you  could  afford  two  Pence  as  well  as 
the  Penny  you  were  always  willing  to  pay  before  this 
Indulgence,  and  Security  took  Place.”  Whether  there  was 
ever  such  a Proclamation  as  above  mentioned  published  or 
not,  we  can’t  take  upon  us  to  determine;  but  we  can  affirm 
with  Certainty,  that  the  French  are  more  difficult  and 
exact  with  respect  to  granting  Liberty  for  Trade  than 
heretofore;  they  will  suffer  none  to  trade  without  Permits, 
and  these  Permits  are  very  costly:  The  Business  must  be 
transacted  by  such  a Person  as  they  appoint,  who  is  allowed 
Ten  per  Cent,  for  doing  the  Business;  he  charges  the  Molas- 
ses as  he  pleases,  and  no  Questions  must  be  asked;  In  short, 
the  Fees  are  as  high,  and  the  Insecurity  as  great  as  ever: 
If  therefore  the  Reason  abovementioned  was  what  induced 
the  Parliament  to  put  the  Duty  so  high,  that  Reason  not 
subsisting,  it  is  presumed  they  will  not  continue  it  at  the 
present  Rate;  However,  admit  that  the  French  would  allow 
us  to  trade  without  the  least  Burthen  or  Incumbrance; 
admit  the  Trade  would  bear  the  present  Duty  on  Molasses, 
and  notwithstanding  the  many  Burthens  and  Embarrass- 
ments it  is  attended  with,  it  should  still  be  in  some  measure 


say,  they  may  Distill  their  own  Corn;  and  also  that  the  Ceded  Islands  will  in  a little  time 
make  Molasses  enough:  ’tis  not  difficult  to  give  a fair  and  full  answer  to  these,  but  poli- 
ticks are  not  founded  in  Argument.”  Mauduit  to  the  Committee  of  the  General  Court , 
March  8,  1765. 


C 172 1 


D76  4 


Jasper  Mauduit 

continued,  the  Revenue  arising  from  it,  and  from  the  other 
Articles  charged  with  a Duty,  cannot  in  any  Measure  be 
equal  to  the  Expectations  of  the  Ministry,  or  any  Ways 
adequate  to  the  Expence  of  collecting  it.  As  to  the  Duties 
on  Cambrick,  Lawn,  Callicoes  and  other  foreign  manufac- 
tures imported  into  the  Colonies  from  Great  Britain;  these 
are  only  Articles  of  Luxury,  which  we  can  easily  dispense 
with  the  use  of;  and  as  our  Trade  must  be  greatly  cramped 
by  the  Scarcity  of  Money,  arising  from  the  constant  Expor- 
tation of  as  much  of  it  as  the  Duties  may  annually  amount 
to;  necessity  will  oblige  us  to  do  without  them;  we  shall 
find  it  difficult  to  pay  for  as  many  coarse  Goods  as  we 
really  want,  little  or  none  of  those  Articles  therefore  will 
be  imported;  it  will  be  much  the  same  case  with  Spanish 
and  Portugal  Wines,  when  charged  with  two  Freights  and 
the  Duties;  and  with  the  Impost  and  Excise  laid  upon  them 
by  this  Government  they  will  be  too  high  for  Consump- 
tion: The  only  Articles  therefore,  on  which  any  Duty 

worth  mentioning  will  be  raised,  are  Wines  from  the  Islands, 
and  foreign  Molasses  and  Sugars. 

As  to  Wines,  it  is  computed,  about  400  Tons  are  annu- 
ally imported  into  this  Province,  which  at  £7.  per  Ton  is 
about  £2800.  But  as  our  Trade  will  be  lessened,  we  shall 
not  have  Means  left  to  pay  for  so  much,  by  one  half;  we 
must  use  Cyder  and  Malt  Liquors;  the  first  we  have  plenty 
of;  the  latter  we  can  make  near  equal  in  Goodness  to  any 
in  Great  Britain. 

As  to  Molasses,  it  is  supposed  we  import  as  much  as  all 
the  other  Governments  together;  and  the  Extent  of  what 
we  have  annually  imported  is  about  ten  Thousand  Hogs- 
heads, which  (if  the  Duty  had  been  paid  on  all  that  has 
been  imported)  at  three  Pence  per  Gallon  would  not  have 
exceeded  £10,000.  The  Quantity  of  brown  Sugars  may  be 

n 173  3 


fasper  Mauduit 


1764I] 

about  one  Thousand  Hogsheads,  the  Duty  of  which  would 
amount  to  £2000.  By  this  Calculation  it  appears  that  the 
whole  of  the  Duties  that  might  be  collected  in  this  Prov- 
ince would  not  exceed  £15000.  and  this  supposing  our 
Trade  continues  full  as  extensive  as  before  the  Act  took 
Place,  a Supposition  highly  improbable.  Upon  this  view 
of  the  Matter,  can  it  be  imagined  that  the  Revenue  which 
may  be  raised,  will  in  any  Degree  answer  the  Expectation 
of  the  Promoters  of  it?  Will  it  in  any  Measure  countervail 
the  Burthens  it  will  bring  on  the  Inhabitants  of  these 
Colonies?  Can  it  be  put  in  the  Balance  against  the  Risque 
there  will  be  of  ruining  the  Trade,  Fishery  and  Navigation 
of  the  Colonies,  and  the  Detriment  that  will  thereby  accrue 
to  the  Commercial  Interest  and  Manufactures  of  Great 
Britain?  Will  it  be  any  Ways  adequate  to  the  Expence  of 
collecting  it;  and  to  the  Charge  that  the  Crown  will  be  at 
to  prevent  a clandestine  Trade?  The  Numbers  of  Men  of 
War,  and  small  Cutters  employed  for  this  Purpose  from 
Newfoundland  to  Jamaica,  on  board  of  each  of  which  there 
is  one  or  more  officers  of  the  Customs;  the  additional 
Number  of  Custom  House  Officers  appointed  upon  this 
Occasion  throughout  the  Continent,  the  erecting  a new 
Court  of  Vice  Admiralty  over  all  America,  with  a Salary 
of  £800.  per  Annum  for  the  Judge,  and  proportionable 
Salaries  for  the  Register  and  Marshal,  must  certainly 
create  a Charge  much  more  than  adequate  to  all  the  Duties 
that  will  be  collected:  This  Estimate  is  made  upon  a 

Presumption  that  our  Trade  will  continue  as  extensive  as 
it  has  heretofore  been. 

But  we  apprehend  it  can  be  clearly  demonstrated  that 
the  present  Duty  upon  Molasses  and  Sugar  will  have  the 
Effect  of  an  absolute  Prohibition;  and  therefore  in  a short 
Time  no  Revenue  from  those  Articles  will  accrue  to  the  Crown. 
C 174  3 


Jasper  Mauduit 


D764 


The  present  Price  of  Molasses  on  the  Continent,  is  no 
more  than  ten  Pence  half  Penny  Sterling  per  Gallon,  (at 
which  Price  Rum  will  barely  pay  a Freight;  when  shipt  off 
to  any  other  Market,  nor  is  Rum  likely  to  bear  a higher 
Price,  seeing  the  French  at  Guadalupe  are  increasing  their 
Distilleries,  and  will  be  able  to  undersell  us  at  all  foreign 
Markets)  from  this  is  to  be  deducted  one  Penny  half  Penny 
per  Gallon  for  the  Cask,  and  two  Pence  for  the  Freight, 
which  is  the  lowest  it  can  be  brought  for;  what  remains 
after  these  Deductions  (and  nothing  allowed  for  the  Cost 
of  Insurance)  is  seven  Pence  clear,  which  is  but  one  Penny 
per  Gallon  above  the  Price  it  is  generally  sold  for  at  the 
foreign  Islands,  where  it  often  exceeds,  but  never  is  under 
that  Price;  hence  it  is  evident  that  a Penny  per  Gallon  is 
all  the  Profit  that  can  be  made  by  the  Importation  of  this 
Article,  provided  the  Trade  was  free  from  any  Duty;  and 
this  is  sometimes  lost  by  Leakage;  but  if  we  are  obliged  to 
pa}f  three  Pence  per  Gallon  Duty,  we  shall  at  least  be  two 
Pence  per  Gallon  Losers:  The  Case  is  much  the  same 

with  Sugars,  Coffee  and  Indigo,  the  Duties  are  so  high, 
especially  upon  the  white  Sugars,  that  they  Can’t  be 
imported  without  Loss;  the  Merchants  it  may  justly  be 
concluded,  will  not  pursue  a Trade  so  disadvantageous;  the 
Goods  will  not  be  imported,  and  consequently  no  Revenue 
will  be  raised. 

The  natural  Tendency  which  the  Limitation,  Restric- 
tion, or  absolute  Prohibition  of  our  Trade  with  the  foreign 
Sugar  Islands,  has  to  destroy  our  Navigation  and  Fishery, 
in  a former  Letter,  has  been  fully  set  forth.  There  is 
another  Branch  of  Business  which  has  been  but  lightly 
touched  upon,  we  mean  the  Lumber  Trade.  The  Expor- 
tation of  Timber,  Boards,  Staves,  Hoops  and  other  Articles 
of  Lumber,  tends  greatly  to  promote  the  clearing  and  cul- 

C 175  3 


Jasper  Mauduit 


1764U 

tivating  our  unimproved  Lands,  and  is  a great  Incourage- 
ment  to  our  Infant  Settlements;  it  improves  a great  Num- 
ber of  Hands  to  cut  the  Lumber,  and  prepare  it  suitable 
for  a Market;  it  employs  more  than  an  hundred  Sail  of 
Vessels  in  this  Province,  which  is  a great  Incouragement  to 
Ship  Building,  a considerable  Branch  of  Business  with  us; 
These  Vessels  are  sent,  some  direct  to  Europe,  but  cheifly 
to  the  West  Indies;  the  nett  Proceeds  of  Numbers  of  them, 
of  their  Freights  and  Cargoes  center  in  Great  Britain:  The 
Restraint  laid  upon  the  Exportation  of  this  Article  from 
the  Colonies  to  any  Part  of  Europe,  except  Great  Britain, 
and  the  Regulations  attending  the  Exportation  of  it  to 
those  Places  where  it  may  be  legally  carried,  must  not  only 
be  very  prejudicial  to  this  Trade;  and  consequently  detri- 
mental to  the  Province,  but  seems  to  militate  with  the 
general  Design  of  the  Act,  as  it  prevents  our  sending  Staves 
to  the  Azores,  an  article  we  principally  depend  upon  to 
pay  for  the  Wine  we  import  from  thence,  and  from  which 
the  Duties  laid  by  this  Act  are  partly  to  be  raised.  This 
Restraint  appears  the  more  grievous,  as  it  is  an  Article 
that  no  way  interferes  with  the  Produce  of  our  Mother 
Country;  and  we  have  an  ample  Fund  of  it  to  supply,  not 
only  Great  Britain,  but  all  the  other  Markets  in  Europe; 
which  if  this  Restriction  is  continued,  will  be  supplied  from 
Norway  and  other  foreign  Parts;  but  if  we  must  by  no 
means  be  permitted  to  carry  it  to  any  Parts  of  Europe, 
Great  Britain  excepted,  it  would  have  been  much  better 
to  have  prohibited  the  Exportation  of  it  to  those  Parts 
upon  the  severest  Penalties,  than  to  have  it  encumbred 
with  the  Bonds,  the  Masters  of  our  Vessels  are  now  obliged 
to  give  upon  lading  of  it,  the  Cost  of  the  Bonds,  Certifi- 
cates, and  the  Charge  of  cancelling  them,  it  is  computed, 
will  be  near  equal,  if  not  superior  to  the  first  Cost  of  all 

C176: 


Jasper  Mauduit 


D764 


the  Lumber  we  have  ever  in  one  year  sent  to  Spain  or  Por- 
tugal. For  not  only  the  Masters  of  such  Vessels  as  are 
bound  abroad,  are  required  by  the  Officers  of  the  Customs, 
to  give  these  Bonds,  but  the  Masters  of  all  our  Coasting 
Vessels;  so  that  no  Lumber  can  be  brought  from  the  Place 
of  its  Growth,  in  the  eastern  Parts  of  this  Province  to 
Boston,  or  any  other  Port  within  the  Province,  whether 
for  Exportation,  or  for  our  own  Use,  until  such  Bond  is 
given.  This  must  create  a great  Expence,  as  well  as  occa- 
sion great  Embarrassment  to  the  Trade.  This  Regulation 
appears  the  more  needless  in  respect  of  Pine  Boards,  as  we 
do  not  know  of  any  being  sent  to  any  other  Parts  of  Europe 
besides  Great  Britain. 

The  Duty  laid  upon  all  Wine  imported  from  Spain  and 
Portugal  is  a great  Hardship;  as  this  Government  have 
already  laid  an  Excise  amounting  to  £9.0.0  Sterling  per 
Ton  upon  that  Article.  The  obliging  all  our  Vessels  which 
have  that  Article,  or  any  Oyl,  Raisins  or  Lemmons  on 
board,  to  touch  at  Great  Britain  in  their  Passage  from 
these  Places,  must  be  attended  with  great  Inconvenience 
and  Loss;  some  of  these  articles  it  is  well  known,  are  of 
such  perishable  Nature  as  not  to  admit  of  being  reshipped; 
by  this  Means  the  clear  Profits  of  these  Voyages  will  be 
lost;  and  we  shall  be  able  to  make  but  one  Voyage  instead 
of  two  as  usual  in  the  Season;  which  will  be  an  unspeakable 
Damage  to  our  Fish  Trade;  and  consequently  to  the  Mother 
Country. 

Upon  the  whole,  the  Burthens,  Perplexities  and  Embar- 
rassments brought  upon  the  Inhabitants  of  these  Colonies 
by  means  of  the  late  Act,  are  many  and  various.  The 
Revenue  that  will  arise  from  it  if  the  Trade  is  continued, 
will  be  very  triffling;  and  the  Consequence  that  will  follow 
from  the  rigorous  Execution  of  it,  will  be  very  fatal  to  the 

C 1 77  1 


1 764I]  jasper  Mauduit 

Colonies,  as  well  as  to  the  Trade  and  Manufactures  of 
Great  Britain. 

Great  Britain  by  means  of  the  Colonies  enjoys  an  exten- 
sive Trade,  which  as  she  has  the  absolute  Regulation  of, 
she  draws  to  herself  the  Fruits  of  the  Labour  of  many 
Thousand  industrious  Hands;  whatever  they  acquire 
redounds  to  her  Benefit,  it  all  flows  into  Great  Britain,  and 
is  less  than  sufficient  to  purchase  what  they  want  of  her 
Manufactures.  The  Balance  of  Trade  being  always  against 
the  Colonies,  is  of  itself  sufficient  to  evince  that  Britain 
draws  from  her  Colonies,  with  respect  to  Money  Matters, 
every  Thing  they  can  yield.  The  constant  Demand  for 
British  Manufactures,  and  other  Goods  imported  from 
Great  Britain  is  so  great,  as  to  take  off  every  Thing  that 
will  serve  for  Remittances  from  the  Colonies.  The  Way 
then  to  reap  greater  Advantages  from  them,  is  to  enlarge 
their  Trade,  as  to  furnish  them  with  the  means  of  procuring 
more  valuable  Remittances.  To  extend  their  Trade  to  the 
foreign  Islands  in  the  West  Indies,  and  permit  them  to 
carry  it  on  free  Duty  would  effectually  do  this.  To  allow 
them  to  bring  directly  from  Spain  and  Portugal,  Wine,  Oyl 
and  Fruit  would  answer  the  same  valuable  Purpose;  For 
this  would  enable  the  Colonies  to  supply  those  Countries 
with  Fish  and  Wheat;  the  whole  of  the  Proceeds  of  which, 
except  the  Cost  of  a Cargo  of  Salt,  and  a little  Wine  and 
Fruit  center  in  Great  Britain. 

On  the  contrary,  the  obstructing,  embarrassing  or  pro- 
hibiting any  of  these  Branches  of  Commerce,  must  finally 
lessen  the  Trade  between  Great  Britain  and  her  Colonies; 
it  must  lessen  the  Ability  of  the  People  to  pay  for  British 
Manufactures;  and  whatever  lessens  that  Ability,  must 
proportionably  lessen  the  Consumption,  and  consequently 
the  Importation.  From  hence  it  is  evident  that  Great 

n 178  □ 


Ci  764 


jasper  Mauduit 

Britain  can  gain  Nothing  by  the  Imposition  of  Duties  and 
Taxes  on  her  Colonies:  For  if  she  does  at  present,  and  if 
it  will  always  be  in  her  Power  to  draw  all  their  Riches  to 
herself  by  a Regulation  of  their  Trade,  it  will  be  to  no 
Purpose  to  attempt  to  get  more.1 

1 October  31,  1764,  Mauduit  desired  the  General  Court  to  appoint  an  agent  in  his 
place,  as  his  health  prevented  his  further  service.  January  24,  1765,  Richard  Jackson 
was  chosen,  and  it  was  determined  that  no  power  of  attorney  given  to  an  agent  should 
run  for  more  than  three  years  from  the  date  of  his  choice,  and  that  within  that  period 
the  agent  should  be  removable  at  the  pleasure  of  the  Court.  Mauduit  received  notice 
of  the  new  appointment  April  9,  and  turned  over  to  Jackson  all  papers  and  records  of  the 
agency  before  May  1,  thus  closing  his  service.  The  General  Court  passed  his  accounts 
in  which  he  had  filled  in  no  sum  for  salary.  After  allowing  him  the  usual  commissions  on 
money  expended,  it  voted  him  a salary  of  one  hundred  pounds  a year  during  the  time  he 
had  been  agent.  This  called  from  him  the  letter  printed  infra,  p.  180,  from  Mass.  Arch., 
xxii.  449. 

“You  will  probably  receive  by  this  ship  a commission  for  the  agency  of  this  prov- 
ince, with  instructions  in  a letter  from  the  Secretary,  but  lest  she  should  be  sailed  before 
they  are  prepared  I thought  it  would  not  be  amiss  to  acquaint  you  that  yesterday  being 
the  time  appointed  by  the  Council  and  House  of  Representatives  for  the  choice  of  an  agent, 
the  many  other  candidates  being  laid  aside  the  controversy  lay  between  you  and  the  late 
agent’s  brother,  for  whom  there  were  44  votes,  66  for  you,  and  2 for  me  from  a foolish 
attachment  of  2 members,  altho’  I had  in  the  most  public  manner  declared  I could  not 
accept,  and  had  desired  every  friend  I had  to  vote  for  Mr.  Jackson.  You  would  otherwise 
have  counted  68.  There  would  have  been  a general  vote  if  a blind  bigotry  had  not  in- 
fluenced some  who  suppose  none  but  a dissenter  from  the  established  church  fit  for  any 
post,  and  fear  of  prejudicing  us  in  our  controversy  with  Connecticut  had  not  influenced 
others.  Some  perhaps  would  have  stood  from  a disaffection  to  the  Governor,  he  having 
zealously  promoted  your  interest. 

“I  hope  you  will  not  refuse  to  accept.  I can  give  you  no  assurance  of  a return 
adequate  to  your  services,  but  I know  you  have  friends  who  will  endeavor  it.  I assure  you 
I feel  more  pleasure  in  our  carrying  this  point,  than  I did  when  the  Court  gave  me  their 
vote,  for  I think  they  have  done  themselves  honor,  and  I know  you  can  do  them  service.” 
Hutchinson  to  Jackson,  January  25,  1765.  Mass.  Arch.,  xxvi.  128. 

“Before  the  Court  met  the  Secretary  had  received  letters  from  Mr.  Mauduit  with 
a resignation  of  his  powers  of  agency,  his  health  not  admitting  of  his  attendance  on  any 
of  the  public  boards.  The  Governor  proposed  to  Mr.  Gotte  and  to  me  our  engaging  for 
Mr.  Jackson.  We  both  told  him  our  prior  obligations  were  for  Mr.  Bollan.  He  replied 
that  he  was  perfectly  willing  we  should  use  our  interest  to  Mr.  Bollan,  that  he  knew  it 
would  be  agreeable  to  Mr.  Jackson.  I knew  Mr.  Jackson  had  wrote  the  Governor  that 
he  thought  no  person  so  fit  for  an  agent  as  you.  For  several  days  after  the  session  began 
pains  were  taken  to  engage  the  members  in  your  favor,  but  it  appeared  very  evidently 
that  a majority  could  not  be  engaged.  The  party  which  was  resolutely  bent  for  Israel 

C 179  3 


Jasper  Mauduit 


1765] 


JASPER  MAUDUIT  TO  THE  SPEAKER 

London,  4th  Septr.,  1765 

Sir, — The  Resolutions  of  the  General  Court  of  the  18th 
June  are  now  before  me.  I read  them  with  astonishment, 
and  with  a degree  of  Indignation,  which  I hope  does  not 
exceed  the  occasion.  What  have  I done?  or  wherein  have 
I been  deficient  in  my  duty  to  the  Province,  to  deserve  so 
publick  an  affront,  as  the  Voting  me  a Salary  of  a hundred 
a year?  Wherein  have  I failed  in  my  respect  to  the  General 
Court,  that  they  should  choose  to  offer  it?  Wherein  have 
I discover’d  such  a meanness  as  to  give  reason  for  them  to 
think  that  I wou’d  accept  it.  If  the  General  Court  had 
ask’d  it  as  a favour,  that  I wou’d  serve  the  Province  for 
nothing;  or  had  desired  my  assistance  in  any  of  your  pub- 

Mauduit  it  was  feared  would  prevail,  let  who  would  be  set  up  against  him,  and  either 
your  friends  must  strike  in  for  Mr.  Jackson  or  Mr.  Mauduit  would  be  chose,  and  altho’ 
it  is  a reflection  upon  the  country  and  a proof  of  their  ingratitude  as  well  as  wrong  judg- 
ment, yet  I am  fully  satisfied  if  those  who  are  most  firmly  attached  to  you  in  the  Court 
had  not  been  the  means  of  dividing  the  opposition  to  Mauduit,  there  would  have  been 
the  utmost  danger  of  his  coming  in. 

“You  know  very  well  the  inconstancy  of  such  assemblies  and  that  their  minds  and 
votes  are  changed  by  small  circumstances.  The  Governor  I am  satisfied  would  not  have 
discouraged  any  of  your  friends  from  voting  for  you,  but  it  was  generally  supposed  that 
Mr.  Jackson  was  his  peculiar  friend.  This  circumstance  secured  many  for  him  who 
would  not  have  been  for  you;  and  besides  after  it  was  agreed  and  determined  that  he 
should  be  opposed  to  Mauduit,  the  Governor  exerted  himself  with  more  zeal  than  he 
would  have  done  for  anybody  else  and  more  than  I ever  knew  him  use  on  any  other  occa- 
sion, and  if  he  had  not,  I think  the  other  side  would  have  prevailed.’’  Hutchinson  to 
Bollan,  March  4,  1765.  Mass.  Arch.,  xxvi.  130. 

Jackson  wrote  to  Secretary  Oliver,  June  13,  1765:  “I  have  in  a former  Letter  ac- 
quainted you  with  my  Intention  to  deserve  the  Confidence  the  Province  have  done  me 
the  honour  to  place  in  me,  as  far  as  lies  in  my  Power.  I am  sensible  this  extends  but  a 
little  way,  but  I shall  endeavour  to  supply  its  Defects  by  my  Diligence  and  Sincerity. 
The  Passionate  Desire  I truly  have  to  serve  all  the  American  Colonys  is  the  only  Quality 
I can  pretend  to,  as  a Recommendation,  and  that  Quality  will  always  make  me  at  any 
time  see  with  great  pleasure  the  Appointment  of  an  able  Successor.  I repeat  again  the 
sense  I have  of  the  Honour  the  Confidence  of  your  Province  does  me.”  Mass.  Arch.,  lvi. 
449. 

i:i8o3 


Jasper  Mauduit 


D765 


lick  charities,  I might  have  given  ’em  a hundred  Pound: 
but  I little  expected  to  see  such  a sum  proposed  to  me  as  a 
Salary.  I am  sorry  your  divisions  and  mutual  Quarrels, 
which  both  parties  among  you  know  that  I have  always 
discouraged,  should  have  put  a Majority  of  the  Court  so 
far  out  of  the  possession  of  their  better  judgment.  But 
how  much  soever  they  may  mistake  the  debt  due  from  them, 
I am  not  to  be  wanting  in  what  is  due  to  myself  and  my 
own  character. 

When  I first  took  the  charge  of  your  affairs  I found 
your  Accounts  in  confusion.  Your  Bills  drawn  on  your 
former  Agent  remaining  unpaid,  and  running  at  Interest. 
I had  to  compute  that  Interest  and  to  wrangle  off  any 
undue  demands.  If  any  mistake  or  loss  had  been  made,  I 
must  have  been  answerable  for  them. 

The  General  Court  knows  that  Mr.  Bohan’s  accounts 
are  before  me:  I might  have  expected  they  wou’d  have 
seen,  that  I charge  a lower  Commission  than  what  I am 
intitled  to;  less  than  other  Provinces  readily  allow,  and 
less  than  your  own  Agent  charged  before  me.  Did  I in 
return  for  this  moderation  deserve  to  be  contemptuously 
put  upon  a Level  with  a common  Clerk? 

They  might  without  doubt  have  trusted  the  Province’s 
Money  with  a person  mean  enough  to  accept  of  such  a 
Vote,  who  might  have  paid  their  Bills  for  them,  or  might 
have  gone  off  with  the  Money.  But  if  they  choose  to  have 
responsible  people,  they  must  be  content  to  make  the 
proper  allowance. 

The  Commission  due  upon  money  sollicited  and  Bills 
paid,  stands  independent  of  the  Salary  of  Office.  And  I 
gain’d  you  three  times  the  amount  of  that  Commission,  by 
recovering  a good  part  of  one  desperate  debt  only,  which 
appears  by  your  Letters  to  have  been  in  a manner  given 

n 181  □ 


I765U 


Jasper  Mauduit 


up:  If  the  General  Court  wou’d  have  listen’d  to  my  advice 
my  Brother  might  have  got  for  you  the  whole  Ten  thou- 
sand. 

Have  I often  confined  myself  in  Town  during  the  hot- 
test part  of  the  Summer,  at  other  times  been  at  the  expense 
of  expresses  to  Bath  and  Tunbridge,  which  I never  charged 
to  the  account;  Have  we  come  posting  out  of  Distant  Coun- 
ties at  an  hour’s  warning,  in  order  to  attend  the  Summons 
of  the  Treasury  upon  your  business,  and  shall  any  one  offer 
me  a hundred  a year  for  this? 

The  General  Court  may  recollect  that  at  the  time  of 
their  choosing  me  their  Agent,  I knew  nothing  of  their  de- 
sign. The  appointment  therefore  was  not  of  my  seeking, 
but  their  own.  I have  served  them  with  Fidelity  and  with 
attention,  and,  by  my  Brother’s  assistance,  with  a Success 
greater  than  they  had  the  least  hope  of.  The  Province  has 
in  no  year  saved  less  than  a Thousand,  this  year  will  prob- 
ably reap  two  thousand  Pounds  Benefit  from  one  single 
Act  of  Parliament,  which  he  by  himself  plann’d,  sollicited, 
and  carried  through  both  Houses,  without  putting  the 
General  Court  to  the  Expence  of  a single  Shilling:  and 

even  without  their  knowing  any  thing  of  the  matter.  A 
common  Sollicitor’s  Bill,  if  he  had  employ’d  one,  wou’d 
have  come  to  a hundred  Pounds.  In  return  for  this  the 
General  Court  voted  him  their  barren  thanks;  and  now 
offer  me  a Salary  which  is  not  equal  to  porterage  and 
coach-hire. 

But  I will  not  reproach  them  with  either  of  our  Serv- 
ices. They  have  from  time  to  time  voted  their  publick 
Thanks,  and  thereby  put  it  out  of  their  power  to  deny 
them.  I shall  ever  wish  to  retain  the  good  Opinion  of  the 
Province,  and  be  ready  to  do  them  any  good  office;  but  the 
General  Court  must  set  a much  higher  value  upon  their 

C 182:1 


Jasper  Mauduit 


[1765 


thanks  than  I do,  if  they  expect  that  they  shou’d  pass  for 
a payment.  Ever  since  I undertook  the  office,  I have  put 
myself  to  a standing  expence  of  more  than  Three  hundred  a 
year  in  Clerks  and  other  necessary  requisites  to  their  Serv- 
ice. Can  the  allowance  of  one  hundred  repay  this?  or 
does  the  General  Court  think  their  empty  Compliments 
are  equivalent  for  the  other  two?  I was  unavoidably 
obliged  to  keep  another  Carriage  and  pair  of  Horses  upon 
the  Province’s  Account:  for  I did  not  think  it  reasonable 
to  confine  my  family  at  home,  while  I was  waiting  whole 
days  together  at  the  public  offices  to  do  their  business. 

I know  too  much  of  public  assemblies  to  expect  Grati- 
tude from  party:  But  I am  sorry  that  your  little  dissen- 

tions  should  be  continually  standing  in  the  way  of  the 
general  Interest.  Will  it  give  dignity  to  the  Character  of 
any  succeeding  Agent,  or  add  weight  to  his  Sollicitations, 
to  let  it  be  seen  in  your  Votes  that  he  is  a man  whom  you 
think  capable  of  receiving  a Salary  not  greater  than  the 
Gains  of  some  of  our  Porters?  Does  the  General  Court 
hope  to  raise  him  in  the  Esteem  of  the  several  Boards  here, 
by  their  thus  publickly  debasing  him  in  their  own.  It  were 
better  for  them  surely  to  abate  a little  of  the  pompous 
title  they  give  their  Agent,  and  not  let  him  stand  as  repre- 
sentative of  the  Province  at  the  Court  of  Great  Britain, 
before  they  sink  him  into  Contempt  by  publickly  voting 
him  the  Salary  of  a private  Steward. 

For  myself,  after  having  for  every  year  of  the  Agency 
given  and  voted  more  than  a hundred  pounds  to  your 
publick  charities,  I will  not  accept  of  a Vote  which  in  the 
terms  of  it  appears  to  me  to  carry  Insult  added  to  Ingrati- 
tude. 

If  the  General  Court  thinks  fit  to  allow  the  Five  Hun- 
dred pounds  a year,  as  I shall  charge  in  my  Acco’t  directed 

C 183  □ 


17673 


Jasper  Mauduit 


to  the  Treasurer,  they  may  then  order  him  to  draw  for  the 
Balance.  In  the  mean  time  till  I have  their  determination 
(as  I have  wrote  to  him)  I shall  accept  for  no  more  than 
Six  thousand  pounds.  I am,  with  the  greatest  regard  for 
the  welfare  of  the  Province,  Sir,  your  humble  Servant 

Jasper  Mauduit. 

P.  S.  I shall  not  copy  absurdity  and  print  this  Letter 
before  it  is  received.  But  when  it  arrives,  as  the  General 
Court  has  been  so  fond  of  publications,  they  are  very  wel- 
come to  insert  it  in  their  Journals;  for  I do  not  think  myself 
in  any  danger  of  suffering  in  the  publick  Estimation  for 
having  pointed  out  the  mistake  of  those  who  think  to  serve 
the  Province  by  affronting  the  friends  of  it. 

ANDREW  OLIVER  TO  JASPER  MAUDUIT 

Boston,  16  November,  1767 

Sir,  — I wrote  you  under  the  20th  and  30th  of  October  by 
Cap’n  Jarvis;  the  latter  being  a particular  reply  to  your 
favour  of  the  22d  of  August;  and  the  former  serving  to 
convey  to  you  by  order  of  the  Commissioners  of  your 
hon’ble  Company,1  a copy  of  a letter  they  had  wrote  to 
the  Rev’d  Mr.  Wheelock;  since  which  your  Commissioners 
have  receiv’d  from  him  an  Answer  to  the  said  Letter,  to 
which  they  have  made  a reply,  that  is  intended  for  a close 
of  the  Correspondence,  Copies  of  both  which  I am  directed 
to  transmit  to  you,  and  they  accordingly  come  inclosed 
herewith:  but  I must  ask  your  excuse  for  sending  them 

transcribed  by  a raw  hand,  as  I really  had  not  time  to  copy 
them  myself. 

I advised  Mr.  Wright  by  Cap’n  Jarvis  of  the  receipt 
of  two  Bales  of  Blankets,  and  of  the  acceptance  of  Messrs. 


1 Society  for  propagating  the  Gospel. 

[184:] 


Ci  767 


Jasper  Mauduit 

Lane  & Company’s  bill  on  Mr.  Benjamin  Greene  for  £120. 
5.7  L.  M.  for  the  benefit  of  Harvard  College,  which  I have 
accordingly  endorsed  over  to  the  College  Treasurer  not 
doubting  of  its  being  punctually  paid.  I am  with  very 
great  respect  Sir  Your  most  obedient  humble  Servant, 

And’w  Oliver. 


C 185  3 


INDEX 


INDEX 


Adams,  John,  on  Otis,  xx;  Mayhew, 
xxiii;  Episcopacy,  xxv;  Trowbridge, 
xxvii;  Chauncy,  xxxiii;  Gray,  xxxiv; 
Bollan,  29  n\  Mauduit,  58  n. 

Adams,  Samuel,  on  the  Olivers,  xxi. 

Affleck, , Captain,  64. 

Agents,  Colony,  letter  of,  55. 

Allegiance,  40. 

America,  rights  of,  examined,  39. 

Amherst,  Jeffrey,  xxxv,  20,  21,  22,  55,  56, 
58,  81,  140;  letter,  89;  certificate,  90, 
9i>  93.  99.  102. 

Anderson, , 153  n. 

Annet,  Peter,  109. 

Aplin,  John,  114. 

Apthorp,  East,  on  Society  for  propagating 
Gospel,  103;  spy,  no,  113;  closing 
of  church,  1 13  w;  review  of  Mayhew, 
xxv,  1 14. 

Apthorpe,  Charles,  24  n. 

Apthorpe,  Grizel,  24  n. 

Aufrere,  George,  56. 

Bagley,  Jonathan,  7 w;  regiment  payroll, 
11,  20. 

Bagley,  Nathaniel,  12. 

Bailey,  William,  10. 

Baldwin,  Jeduthon,  10. 

Bancroft,  John,  9. 

Bankrupts,  Massachusetts  act  on,  18. 

Barclay,  John,  56. 

Barnard,  Salah,  9. 

Baron,  Oliver,  10. 

Baron, , 136. 

Barrons,  William,  83. 

Basset,  Barachiah,  11,  83. 

Bean,  David,  12. 

Bent,  Lemuel,  10,  84. 


Bernard,  Francis,  8,  82,  123,  137,  142 
165;  on  Bollan’s  dismissal,  26  n,  78; 
English  church,  30;  Mt.  Desert  grant, 
69;  grant  of  charter  to  college,  70  n; 
recommends  Hutchinson  for  governor, 
77  n;  defeats  Israel  Mauduit,  88,  124; 
Otis,  on,  97. 

Berry,  George,  12. 

Bills  of  Exchange,  is«,  33,  88,  93,  98, 
125,  145;  unpaid,  25. 

Bishop  for  America,  30  n. 

Blake,  Edward,  11,  84. 

Bollan,  Frances  Shirley,  67. 

Bollan,  William,  91,  93,  102,  135,  161, 
179  n\  account  of,  xviii;  Hutchinson  to, 
3;  special  claim  of  Massachusetts,  7 n\ 
parliament  grant,  8 n,  24;  shipping 
specie,  14  n;  letter  to  speaker,  15,  28; 
Oliver,  24;  on  fee  act,  16;  suspending 
clause,  17;  dismissed  from  agency,  26  n, 
66,  78,  124;  “Coloniae  Angliae,”  28, 
67;  Adams  on,  29  n\  Mayhew  on,  37; 
Mauduit  consults,  58;  investments  in 
Massachusetts,  60;  support,  72;  career 
and  connections,  76;  stoppages,  98; 
fee  to  clerk,  102;  favored,  13 1;  accounts, 
149,  166,  168  n. 

Bowdoin,  James,  3 n. 

Bowman,  Rev.  Joseph,  73  n. 

Bounties,  service,  13,  20,  23,  82,  84. 

Bourne,  Sylvanus,  11. 

Bowdoin,  James,  16  n,  33  n,  39  n,  53  n,  74, 
1 19. 

Bowers,  Jerathmeel,  26  n. 

Bradbury,  John,  26  n. 

Bradford,  Gamaliel,  11. 

Brattle,  William,  32,  66. 

Bromfield,  Abigail,  162  n. 


C 189] 


Index 


Bromfield,  Edward,  162  n. 

Bromfield,  Thomas,  162. 

Brown,  Henry  Young,  84. 

Brown,  Silas,  83. 

Browne,  Arthur,  114. 

Burt,  John,  9. 

Burton, , 107. 

Bute,  Earl  of,  57,  59;  Goldthwait  on, 
96. 

Butterfield,  Jonathan,  10. 

Byram,  Ensign,  84. 

Callender,  Rev.  Elisha,  3 n. 

Callo, , Captain,  123. 

Calvin’s  case,  46. 

Canada,  conversion  of  Indians,  74. 

Caner,  Henry,  xxv;  replies  to  Mayhew, 
108. 

Cappes,  James,  154,  135. 

Carey,  Samuel,  Captain,  64,  132,  136. 
Cargill,  James,  12. 

Carver,  Jonathan,  83. 

Cary,  Simeon,  10. 

Castle  William,  cannon  from,  3;  plan  of, 
4 n. 

Chadburn,  Humphrey,  11. 

Champion  and  Hayley,  91,  158. 

Charles,  Robert,  56. 

Charlestown,  N.  H.,  35  n. 

Charters,  grant  by  governor,  69,  72,  80. 
Chauncy,  Charles,  xxxii,  80,  87;  letters  to 
Mauduit,  71,  115,  118;  on  college 

charter,  72;  sermon,  73;  on  Gospel 
society,  113. 

Chesterfield,  22. 

Church,  John,  10. 

Churchwood, , Captain,  123. 

Clark, , Dr.,  65. 

Clause,  suspending,  in  province  acts,  16, 

25>  39- 

Cobb,  Thomas,  10. 

College,  in  Western  Massachusetts,  xxix, 
70  n. 

Colonies,  advantage  to  England,  43. 
Commissary  General,  payments,  13,  83. 
Commissions  to  agents,  168  n. 

n 190  n 


Connecticut,  168;  boundary  dispute,  35* 
170;  grant,  141. 

Cooper, , 80. 

Cotton,  John,  xxi,  9,  54,  142. 

Cotton,  Roland,  92,  98. 

Council,  privy,  rejects  incorporation  of 
New  England  society,  75  n. 

Cowden,  Thomas,  83. 

Cox,  Ebenezer,  9. 

Cromartie,  Captain,  81. 

Crown  Point  expedition,  cannon  and 
stores,  3. 

Cushing,  Thomas,  xxviii,  39  n,  164  «; 
dismissal  of  Bollan,  26  n,  32;  letters  to 
Mauduit,  68,  123,  127,  130,  133,  136, 
145,  !S8,  160,  167,  170;  woollens,  123, 
162. 

Cutler,  Timothy,  108. 

Dana,  Richard  Henry,  60  n. 

Danforth,  Samuel,  3 n. 

Dashwood,  Sir  Francis,  xxvi,  37,  59. 

Davenport,  William,  12. 

Davis,  Israel,  1 1. 

Davis,  Captain,  88,  98. 

Decoster,  Ann  (King),  3 n. 

Decoster,  Temple,  3. 

De  Lancey,  James,  97. 

Delaware,  grant,  141. 

Dissenters,  protestant,  in  England,  87, 
120. 

Drummond,  Andrew,  & Co.,  36. 

Drummond,  Henry,  36  n. 

Dunbar,  Josiah,  83. 

Dunbar,  Lemuel,  11,  83. 

Dunlap,  John,  84. 

Dunk,  George  Montague,  Earl  of  Halifax, 

143- 

Durell,  Philip,  seamen  under,  4,  21,  89. 

Eliot,  Andrew,  xxxv;  letter  to  Mauduit, 
1 19- 

Elizabeth,  Queen,  43. 

Episcopalians,  American,  Otis,  on,  30; 
Mayhew,  104,  107. 

Exchequer  tallies,  15  n,  24. 


Index 


Farrington,  Thomas,  83. 

Fay,  Aaron,  10. 

Fee  act  of  Massachusetts,  15. 

Fees,  treasury,  102,  154,  157. 

Fellows,  John,  10. 

Fisheries,  molasses  act,  132. 

Fleming,  Caleb,  108,  X12. 

Fletcher,  Jonathan,  10. 

Fort  Dummer,  35. 

Foster,  Thomas,  26  n. 

Fowey , 8 n. 

Frye,  Joseph,  claim  for  service  under,  5, 
7 n,  12,  14. 

Furnass,  John,  10. 

Gardiner,  John,  157. 

Gardner,  Andrew,  15 1. 

Gay,  Jotham,  11. 

General  Court,  Massachusetts,  power  of 
legislation,  18,  39. 

George,  Samuel,  11. 

Giddings,  Andrew,  II. 

Glover,  Samuel,  11. 

Goddard,  William,  114. 

Gold,  purchase  and  remittance,  8 n ; 
price,  15  n. 

Goldthwait,  Thomas,  26  n,  90,  127; 

secretary  at  war,  96. 

Gotte, , 179  n. 

Gray,  Harrison,  8,  14,  82,  86,  102,  154; 
John  Adams  on,  xxxiv;  advertisement, 
15  n;  Canadian  Indians,  74;  letters  to 
Mauduit,  88,  97,  103,  125,  145,  157. 
Gray,  Harrison,  Jr.,  158. 

Gray,  James,  83. 

Gray, , 164  n. 

Great  Britain,  colonial  policy,  160;  trade, 
178. 

Greene,  Benjamin,  185. 

Grenville,  George,  xxx,  140,  146  n,  147  n, 
159  n. 

Halifax,  Earl  of,  see  Dunk. 

Hall,  Abijah,  10. 

Hamant,  Timothy,  84. 

Hammond,  Timothy,  10. 

Hanbury,  John,  24. 


Hanners,  George,  11. 

Harnden,  Samuel,  petition,  120. 

Harris,  Giles,  84. 

Hart,  Moses,  83. 

Harvard  College,  119,  185;  lottery,  16  w; 
opposes  a new  college,  70  w;  fire,  150. 

Harvey,  John,  10. 

Hayley,  Champion  and,  91,  158. 

Herrick,  Israel,  12. 

Hoar, , Colonel,  83,  84. 

Hodges,  Nathaniel,  10. 

Holland,  Henry,  Lord,  142. 

Holland,  trade  with,  137. 

Hollis,  Thomas  Brand,  88;  American 
Episcopate,  30  n;  commends  Mauduit, 
80,  86;  letters  to  Mayhew,  105,  108; 
relations  with  Mauduit,  107,  113,  142  n; 
on  Seeker,  109. 

Holmes,  Ephraim,  11,  83. 

How,  P.,  154. 

Hubbard, , no  n. 

Hunter,  Thomas  Orby,  140. 

Hunter, , Captain,  118. 

Hutchinson,  Israel,  12. 

Hutchinson,  Margaret  (Sanford),  31  n. 

Hutchinson,  Thomas,  xviii,  39  n,  62; 
letters  to  Bollan,  3,  19,  22,  32,  143,  165, 
167  n,  179  n\  desires  agency,  31;  on 
Bollan’s  dismissal,  32;  chief  justice,  66; 
Otis  on,  77,  95;  on  Mauduit,  127  n\ 
molasses  act,  130  n;  letters  to  Jackson, 
M3  n,  179 «;  agent,  143  n,  145,  148, 
I52>  155,  161,  163;  letters,  16 1 n,  163, 
166  n;  on  Pownall,  165,  166  n. 

Hyslop,  William,  73. 

Independence,  Spirit  of,  xxii. 

Indians,  conversion  of,  74,  166;  captives, 
Preble  family,  121. 

Ingall,  Joseph,  9. 

Insurance  of  coin,  8 n. 

Invalids,  company  of,  84. 

Jackson,  Richard,  xxxi,  54,  56,  149,  152, 
155,  158,  161,  168;  associated  with  Mau- 
duit, 31,  36;  candidate  for  agency,  78, 
95,  1 15,  124,  128;  Hutchinson  favors, 

C 191 1 


Index 


127  n;  elected  agent,  179  «;  accepts, 
180  n. 

Jacobson, , Captain,  81. 

Jarvis, , Captain,  126,  184. 

Jeffries,  Simon,  84. 

Johnson,  Samuel,  108. 

Jones,  William,  10. 

Jones,  William,  of  Bristol,  15 1. 

Keen,  Abel,  ii,  83. 

Keith, , bookseller,  III. 

Kinnoull,  Earl  of,  15  n. 

Lane  and  Company,  185. 

Lardner,  Nathaniel,  108. 

Launceston,  61,  62. 

Learned,  Jeremiah,  10. 

Letters,  address  of  agent’s,  79. 

Liberty,  defined,  40. 

Lincoln,  Bela,  xxxii,  170. 

Lotteries,  prejudice  against,  16. 

Louisburg,  winter  service,  6,  9 n,  22,  57, 
89,  91. 

Lumber  trade,  175. 

Martin,  Samuel,  55,  81,  99. 

Martin, , 153. 

Mary,  Queen,  on  conversion  of  Indians, 

74- 

Massachusetts,  position  of  governor,  xvii; 
claim  for  special  service,  3,  14  n,  19,  35, 
94,  99,  140;  military  accounts,  1759,  8; 
1761,  81,  82,  89;  fee  act,  15;  requisi- 
tions recognized,  45;  loans  to,  60; 
Hollis  on,  142  n;  acts,  15 1;  petition  on 
taxation,  167. 

Mauduit,  Israel,  xxxvi,  107,  153;  as  asso- 
ciate agent,  76,  87,  92,  94,  95,  99,  123, 
128,  149,  161,  165,  169,  179  n;  “Con- 
siderations on  German  War,”  87; 
rejected,  88;  memorial  on  molasses 
duty,  144  n,  158;  letter,  149  n,  150; 
whale  fishery,  150. 

Mauduit,  Jasper,  sale  of  papers,  v;  ac- 
count of,  xvii;  election  to  agency,  26  n, 
66;  Otis  notifies,  29;  Oliver,  33,  36; 
Mayhew,  37;  instructions,  39;  agents’ 

[ 192  1 


letter,  55  n,  56,  5 7;  consults  Bollan,  58; 
Adams  on,  58  n;  dissenting  interest,  66, 
87;  letter  to  H.  Gray,  74;  society  for 
converting  Indians,  74;  conduct  ap- 
proved, 91,  15 1 ; newspaper  abuse  of, 
96;  letters  to  speaker,  98,  146  n,  159  n, 
180;  accounts,  102,  142,  149,  153,  154; 
relations  with  Hollis,  1 13,  142  n\  letters 
to  Oliver,  153,  156;  on  petition,  168  n; 
wishes  to  resign  agency,  178  w;  indigna- 
tion over  allowance,  180. 

Maxwell, , Captain,  157. 

Mayhew,  Experience,  xxiii. 

Mayhew,  Rev.  Jonathan,  80,  150;  John 
Adams  on,  xxiii;  on  American  Episco- 

* pate,  30  n;  letters  to  Mauduit,  37,  86; 
on  charter  to  new  college,  70  n\  society 
for  converting  Indians,  73  n\  sermon, 
88  n\  “Observations  on  Society  for 
propagating  Gospel,”  xxiv,  103;  note 
on,  104;  letters  to  Hollis,  107  et  seq; 

Maynard,  Stephen,  10. 

Mayo,  Jeremiah,  11. 

Millar,  Andrew,  Mayhew’s  tracts,  105, 
109. 

Mohawks,  missionary  preacher,  73. 

Molasses,  duty  on  French,  101;  act,  xxx, 
130,  137,  145,  158,  160,  164  n,  171; 
memorial  on,  144  n,  151;  statistics  of 
trade,  173. 

Moores,  Edmund,  1 1,  83. 

Morey,  Thomas,  26  n. 

Moulton,  Johnson,  83. 

Mounier,  T.  M.,  Mehitabel  Preble  and, 
122. 

Mount  Desert,  grant  of,  69. 

Neptune,  4. 

Newall,  Joseph,  11. 

New  Hampshire,  claim  against,  35;  grant, 
141. 

New  Jersey,  grant,  140. 

Newport,  103. 

New  Swallow,  151. 

New  York,  167;  boundary  dispute,  35, 
169;  grant,  140. 


Index 


Nixon,  John,  io,  83. 

Noble,  Asa,  10. 

North,  Frederick,  Lord,  57,  59. 

Nova  Scotia,  winter  service,  5,  6,  9 n, 
12,  22,  57,  89,  91. 

No.  4 (Charlestown,  N.  H.),  35. 

Oliver,  Andrew,  8,  14,  63,  73,  74,  82, 
ii6k,  122,  142,  168  n;  account  of,  xx; 
family  influence,  xxi;  letter  to  Bollan,  21; 
on  Mauduit’s  election,  31,  79;  letters 
to  Mauduit,  33,  36,  54,  81,  89,  91,  92, 
15 1,  184;  orders  a wig,  91. 

Oliver,  Mary  (Sanford),  31  n. 

Oswald,  James,  57,  59. 

Oswego,  cannon  and  stores,  3. 

Otis,  James,  Sr.,  32,  64,  66;  molasses  act, 
146  n. 

Otis,  James,  Jr.,  xx,  130,  164  n,  168  n\ 
dismissal  of  Bollan,  26  n,  76;  on  Bollan’s 
book,  29  «;  letters  to  Mauduit,  29,  76, 
95;  elected  by  Boston,  66;  on  Hutch- 
inson’s ambitions,  77;  “ Rights  of  British 
Colonies,”  170. 

Page,  William,  9. 

Paine,  Robert  Treat,  on  Mayhew,  xxiv. 

Parker,  Gideon,  12,  84. 

Parker,  Moses,  84. 

Parliament,  grant  for  America,  27,  55,  59, 
93,  126,  155;  petition,  99;  act  on  cus- 
toms revenue,  130;  royal  warrant  for 
grant,  139. 

Payne,  Samuel  Clark,  9. 

Peabody,  Francis,  10. 

Peck,  Samuel,  12. 

Petition  to  Treasury  and  Parliament, 
Mauduit  on,  99. 

Phillips,  John,  election  of  Mauduit,  26  n, 
32,  39  n. 

Pioneers,  regiment  of,  12. 

Portsmouth,  103. 

Postlethwaite,  Malachy,  136. 

Powell,  Jeremiah,  dismissal  of  Bollan,  26  n. 

Pownall,  Thomas,  4,  152;  Durell’s  agree- 
ment, 5,  21;  on  suspension  clause,  18; 
Hutchinson  on,  165,  166  n. 


Preble,  Ebenezer,  121,  121  n. 

Preble,  Mary,  121,  12 1 n. 

Preble,  Mehitabel,  121  n. 

Preble,  Rebecca,  12 1 n. 

Preble,  Samuel,  12 1 n. 

Preble,  William,  121  n. 

Preble’s  regiment,  12. 

Quincy,  Edmund,  127. 

Reed,  James,  9,  83. 

Rhode  Island  and  Providence  plantation, 
141,  168. 

Richmond,  Silvester,  10. 

Rivington,  John,  114. 

Robinson,  Samuel,  10. 

Rowe,  M.,  60. 

Royall,  Isaac,  26  n. 

Ruggles,  Timothy,  xxxv,  26  n,  54,  123, 
142;  letters  as  speaker,  91,  98. 

Ruggles’  regiment,  pay-roll,  9. 

Rum,  price  of,  138,  175. 

Russell,  Chambers,  60;  molasses  act, 
146  n. 

Saltonstall,  Richard,  26  n,  83,  84. 
Sandys,  Samuel,  Lord,  on  fee  act,  15; 
lotteries,  16. 

Sanford,  Margaret,  31  n. 

Sanford,  Mary,  31  n. 

Sanford,  William,  31  n. 

Saunders,  — — , 26  n.  - 
Sayer,  Joseph,  26  n. 

Seamen  under  Durell,  wages  of,  4. 

Seeker,  Thomas,  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury, 105,  1 16;  Mayhew’s  tracts,  xxiv, 
109,  1 13. 

Sewall,  Stephen,  66. 

Sewall, , 153. 

Sharpe,  John,  127  n. 

Sheaffe,  Edward,  Captain,  64,  164  n. 
Shephard,  William,  83. 

Sherwood,  Joseph,  56. 

Shirley,  Frances,  Bollan  marries,  76. 
Shirley,  William,  3;  loan  to  province,  24; 

Shirlean  faction,  76. 

Silliman,  Ebenezer,  16 1 n. 


I 193  3 


Index 


Silver,  price,  14  n\  scarcity,  62;  ship- 
ment, 64, 

Smith,  Elijah,  10. 

Smith,  Joseph,  12. 

Snow,  Jabez,  IX,  83. 

Society  (English)  for  propagating  the 
Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts,  xxiv,  74; 
note  on,  104;  resolves  against  New 
England,  113. 

Society  (N.  E.)  for  propagating  Christian 
knowledge  among  the  Indians,  xxv; 
Mauduit  on,  74;  Mayhew’s  “Obser- 
vations,” 103,  104;  opposition  to,  116, 
1 19,  120;  action  taken,  118. 

Society  (Scotland)  for  propagating  Chris- 
tain  knowledge,  73,  153  n. 

Stamp  duties,  147  n,  148,  164  n,  169  n. 

Stirling,  Lord,  claims  against  Massa- 
chusetts, 27,  35. 

Sturgis,  Samuel,  12. 

Subject,  in  law,  46. 

Sykes,  Richard,  10. 

Taplin,  John,  83. 

Taxes,  and  representation,  130  «;  origi- 
nate with  people,  146;  committee  on, 
147;  petition  of  General  Court,  167, 
170. 

Thacher,  Josiah,  11. 

Thacher,  Oxenbridge,  143  n,  164  n. 

Thomas,  John,  service  of  regiment,  6; 
regiment  pay  roll,  11. 

Thomlinson,  John,  24,  56. 

Thwing,  Nathaniel,  7 n,  84. 

Toleration  in  colony,  46. 

Tonyn, , 8 n. 

Treasury,  minutes  on  colony  grant,  5 7, 
59;  petitioning,  99;  fees,  102. 


Trecothick,  Barlow,  24,  31,  37. 

Trecothick,  Grizel  (Apthorpe),  24  n. 
Trowbridge,  Edmund,  John  Adams  on, 
xxvii;  letter  to  Bollan,  60;  molasses 
act,  146  n. 

Turner,  Sir  John,  57,  59,  140. 

Tyler,  Royall,  39  n,  98,  154,  157;  elec- 
tion of  Mauduit,  26  n,  32;  molasses 
act,  146  n. 

Tyng,  John,  98. 

Walker,  Sylvanus,  10. 

Washburn,  Charles  Grenfill,  obtains  Mau- 
duit papers,  v;  account  of,  xvii. 

West, , 25. 

Western,  Charles,  67  n. 

Western,  Charles  Callis,  Baron,  67  n. 
Western,  Frances  Shirley  (Bollan),  67  n. 
West  Indies,  molasses  act,  132;  troops  for, 
146  n\  influence  in  Parliament,  150; 
French  duties,  172. 

Whale  fishery,  150. 

Wheelock,  Eleazar,  184. 

Wheelwright,  John,  3. 

Whipple,  Stephen,  11. 

Whiting,  Leonard,  9,  83. 

Whitmore, , 6 n. 

Wightwick,  Mrs.  Mary,  152. 

Willard,  Aaron,  10. 

Willard’s  regiment,  pay  roll,  10. 

William  III,  charter  to  Gospel  Society, 
104. 

Williams,  Job,  9,  83. 

Williams,  John,  12. 

Williams, , 26  n. 

Wines,  duties  on,  173. 

Winslow,  John,  molasses  act,  146  n. 
Wright, , 184. 


C 194  1 


f 


974.4  'M414  v.74 


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